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1.
用1HNMR法测定T18肽在DMSO(MS18)和50%六氟异丙醇(FP18)中的溶液构象.MS18含有Ile3~Gln7和Ala12~Gln16两段β-折叠链;而FP18则转变为α-螺旋结构。综合分析T14,T18和TDK三个模型肽的结构性质和稳定性,比较肽链序列和溶剂作用,提出肽链局部优势结构的概念,并据此讨论天花粉蛋白小结构域折叠起始过程.  相似文献   

2.
用^1H NMR法测定T18肽在DMSO(MS18)和50%六氟异丙醇(FP18)中的溶液构象。MS18含有Ile3 ̄Glu7和Ala12 ̄Gln16两段β-折叠链;而FP18则转变为α-螺旋结构。综合分析T14,T18和TDK三个模型肽的结构性质和稳定性,比较肽链序列和溶剂作用,提出肽链局部优势结构的概念,并据此讨论天花粉蛋白小结构域折叠起始过程。  相似文献   

3.
利用蛋白质内源荧光和酶活性两种信号以及荧光偏振,HPLC和停流等方法研究了盐酸胍诱导的α淀粉酶去折叠与重折叠的平衡转变和动力学。实验结果表明α淀粉酶去折叠与重折叠是两个不同的过程;变性与复性过程中可能伴有聚集体生成;去折叠与重折叠均为双相过程,重折叠大约始于2秒之后。  相似文献   

4.
哺乳动物中蛋白质折叠异常与朊病毒病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
贾捷 《生命的化学》2001,21(1):59-63
在过去的两年中 ,有关朊病毒 (prion)蛋白结构的最新NMR数据不断扩展 ,这主要是在仓鼠和人体蛋白质中取得的。另外 ,两种朊病毒蛋白的折叠动力学机制亦被阐明。目前已经得到几种朊病毒的样品 ,它们可以在溶液中采取不同的构象。近来所做的有关朊病毒蛋白链分子基础的研究工作进一步巩固了蛋白质独自致病的假说。通过对最小蛋白质片断的辨认 ,疾病与结构的相互关系的研究也取得了重要进展。1 .引言在 2 5种被确证为由动物组织中变性蛋白质沉积而引起的病症中 ,只有传染性海绵状脑病 (TSEs)会产生传染性物质。可能朊病毒疾病最独…  相似文献   

5.
人肌和兔肌肌酸激酶在低pH条件下再折叠的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用蛋白质内源荧光和远紫外CD光谱研究了在低pH条件下人肌肌酸激酶和兔肌肌酸激酶的构象状态。结果表明,在低离子强度下,随着酸的加入人肌和兔肌肌酸激酶去折叠,至pH2.0附近几乎都达到充分去折叠。它们的色氨酸荧光发射峰位红移至350nm,这表明了内埋的色氨酸残基已经完全暴露到极性溶剂之中,它们的远紫外CD光谱表明二级结构也遭破坏,但是仍保留有相当部分的二级结构。而且在高离子强度低pH条件下由Goto等人首先发现的中间体构象状态(融球结构状态)在我们的实验中也被观察到了。它具有与天然酶类似的二级结构。色氨酸荧光发射光谱表明与天然酶类似,它的最大发射峰位也为335nm表明了蛋白质已经完全折叠,然而其荧光强度远低于天然酶,表明这种结构状态具有较大运动性而导致荧光的动态淬灭。上述结果支持了Goto等人的发现,说明了融球中间体结构可能是蛋白质折叠过程需经历的一个中间态。  相似文献   

6.
天花粉蛋白小结构域N端TCS182—200同源片段的构象研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
以天花粉蛋白小结构域N端TCS182-200同源片段序列为基础,设计T14,T18和TDK3个模型肽。本文分析了模型肽的肽链柔性和侧链两亲性,预测二级结构形成势,并通过多肽固相合成和圆二色性研究模型肽的溶液二级结构,比较理论预测和实测结果。在水溶液中,T18为β-折叠,TDK含有一定量α-螺旋;而T14基本上为无规卷曲,但在碱性条件下有类似螺肇的亚稳结构存在。  相似文献   

7.
脱金属硫蛋白与二价汞离子的络合作用及构象研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
用圆二色谱研究兔肝锐金属硫蛋白的两个亚型apo-MT1、apo-MT2与Hg^2+在不同分子数比和pH值下的络合规律。发现:(1)在pH2下与Hg^2+重组MTs的CD谱特征峰是304nm(+),260nm(-),250nm(+)。络合Hg^2+的数目n远远超过7。任何pH值下过量Hg^2+的存在都将破坏MTs的正常构象。pH值对形成和维持MTs稳定构象的影响很大,当pH≥4.9时,apo-MTs  相似文献   

8.
许多蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达时,其产物常以无活性的包含体形式存在,包含体蛋白的复性往往是制备这些蛋白的关键步骤之一,蛋白复性包括肽链折叠和分子内二硫键的氧化这两个互相影响的过程,本文综述了蛋白折叠过程的研究进展,及促进蛋白折叠和二硫键氧化的方法。  相似文献   

9.
利用蛋白质内源荧光和酶活性两种信号以及荧光偏振,HPLC和停流等方法研究了盐酸胍诱导的α淀粉酶去折叠与重折叠的平衡转变和动力学。实验结果表明α淀粉酶去折叠与重折叠是两个不同的过程;变性与复性过程中可能伴有聚集体生成;去折叠与重折叠均为双相过程,重折叠大约始于2秒之后。  相似文献   

10.
兔肝金属硫蛋白结合铅离子的圆二色性光谱研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从锌诱导的家兔肝脏中分离纯化得到金属硫蛋白两种亚型:ZnMT-Ⅰ和ZnMT-Ⅱ.在酸性条件下脱金属,经Sephadex G-25柱层析得到脱金属硫蛋白(apoMTs).用圆二色性(CD)光谱法研究,发现两种亚型apoMTs 与Pb2+ 的结合依赖于Pb2+ 的加入比例及pH 值.apoMT-Ⅰ在pH3~5之间,apoMT-Ⅱ在pH4~6之间与Pb2+ 结合形成特征簇合物Pb7MTs,其CD谱图特征峰位于316nm (- ),270 nm (+ ),245 nm (+ )及225 nm (- ),提示解铅中毒的最佳条件应控制在弱酸性环境.不同亚型apoMTs 与Pb2+ 的结合方式各不相同:Pb2+ 与apoMT-Ⅰ的结合采取平均分配的方式,而与apoMT-Ⅱ则为选择性结合方式,表明这两种亚型在解铅毒功能上存在差异.  相似文献   

11.
The mechanism by which acidophilic bacteria generate and maintain their cytoplasmic pH close to neutrality was investigated. For this purpose we determined the components of proton motive force in the eubacterium Bacillus acidocaldarius and the archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum. After correction for probe binding, the proton motive force of untreated cells was 190 to 240 mV between external pH 2 and 4. Anoxia diminished total proton motive force and the transmembrane pH difference by 60 to 80 mV. The protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol abolished the total proton motive force almost completely and diminished the transmembrane pH difference by at least two units. However, even after correction for probe binding, protonophore-treated cells maintained a pH difference of approximately one unit.  相似文献   

12.
The properties of enzymes involved in energy transduction from a mesophilic (Bacillus subtilis) and a thermophilic (B. stearothermophilus) bacterium were compared. Membrane preparations of the two organisms contained dehydrogenases for NADH, succinate, L-alpha-glycerophosphate, and L-lactate. Maximum NADH and cytochrome c oxidation rates were obtained at the respective growth temperatures of the two bacteria. The enzymes involved in the oxidation reactions in membranes of the thermophilic species were more thermostable than those of the mesophilic species. The apparent microviscosities of the two membrane preparations were studied at different temperatures. At the respective optimal growth temperatures, the apparent microviscosities of the membranes of the two organisms were remarkably similar. The transition from the gel to the liquid-crystalline state occurred at different temperatures in the two species. In the two species, the oxidation of physiological (NADH) and nonphysiological (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or phenazine methosulfate) electron donors led to generation of a proton motive force which varied strongly with temperature. At increasing temperatures, the efficiency of energy transduction declined because of increasing H+ permeability. At the growth temperature, the efficiency of energy transduction was lower in B. stearothermophilus than in the mesophilic species. Extremely high respiratory activities enabled B. stearothermophilus to maintain a high proton motive force at elevated temperatures. The pH dependence of proton motive force generation appeared to be similar in the two membrane preparations. The highest proton motive forces were generated at low external pH, mainly because of a high pH gradient. At increasing external pH, the proton motive force declined.  相似文献   

13.
The protein motive force of metabolizing Bacillus subtilis cells was only slightly affected by changes in the external pH between 5 and 8, although the electrical component and the chemical component of the proton motive force contributed differently at different external pH. The electrical component of the proton motive force was very small at pH 5, and the chemical component was almost negligible at pH 7.5. At external pH values between 6 and 7.7, swimming speed of the cells stayed constant. Thus, either the electrical component or the chemical component of the proton motive force could drive the flagellar motor. When the proton motive force of valinomycin-treated cells was quantitatively decreased by increasing the external K+ concentration, the swimming speed of the cells changed in a unique way: the swimming speed was not affected until about--100 mV, then decreased linearly with further decrease in the proton motive force, and was almost zero at about--30 mV. The rotation rate of a flagellum, measured by a tethered cell, showed essentially the same characteristics. Thus, there are a threshold proton motive force and a saturating proton motive force for the rotation of the B. subtilis flagellar motor.  相似文献   

14.
The uptake of homologous DNA by Haemophilus influenzae was studied as a function of the proton motive force in completely competent cultures in the pH range of 6 to 8. The composition and magnitude of the proton motive force were varied by using the ionophores valinomycin and nigericin (in the presence of various potassium ion concentrations) and by using protonophores. No interaction of the ionophores with the DNA transformation system itself was observed. Either component of the proton motive force, the electrical potential or the pH gradient, can drive the uptake of DNA, and the extent of the uptake of DNA is ultimately determined by the total proton motive force. The transformation frequency increases with the proton motive force, which reaches a maximum value at around -130 mV. These results are consistent with an electrogenic proton-DNA symport mechanism, but direct evidence for such a system is not available. The proton motive force was followed during competence development of H. influenzae at pH 8. In the initial phase (up to 50 min), the proton motive force remained constant at about -90 mV, whereas the transformation frequency rose steeply. In the second phase, the proton motive force increased. The transformation frequency in this phase increased with the proton motive force, as in completely competent cultures. These observations and the observed inhibition by NAD of both the proton motive force and the transformation frequency indicate that structural components of the competent state are formed in the initial phase of competence development, whereas the second phase is characterized by an increase of the proton motive force.  相似文献   

15.
In order to further investigate the mechanisms regulating the control of mitochondrial respiration by thyroid hormone, the proton motive force was measured during State IV respiration in liver mitochondria isolated from euthyroid, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and T3-treated hypothyroid rats. The proton motive force was significantly higher in the hyperthyroid group due to an increased pH. The proton motive force of hypothyroid mitochondria was lower than controls due to a decreased membrane potential. The proton motive force for the T3-treated hypothyroid group did not differ from the euthyroid group due to negating changes in the pH gradient and the membrane potential. The intramitochondrial volume was decreased in the hyperthyroid group and unchanged in the other groups. The results indicate that the thyroid status alters the proton motive force in State IV through individual changes in the pH and membrane potential components of the force. The component that changes in hyperthyroid mitochondria is different from that changing in hypothyroid mitochondria.  相似文献   

16.
Metallothioneins, MT's, are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, polypeptides that complex ‘soft’ metal ions in thiol clusters. They are structurally diverse. Some MT's are gene products, while others are secondary metabolites. Two of the three classes of MT have been identified in algae. Eukaryotic algae possess the secondary metabolites referred to as class III MT. There is no unequivocal evidence that MT genes occur in eukaryotic algae. However, the products of MT genes have been identified in cyanobacteria. These genes and their metal regulatory elements remain to be isolated and characterized. MT's have attracted interest from researchers involved in a wide range of disciplines including bioinorganic chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, toxicology, environmental science and medicine. Although, the precise physiological roles of these polypeptides remain undefined, a large number of functions have been speculated. These molecules chelate toxic trace metals, such as Cd, thereby reducing the concentration of cytotoxic, free-metal ions. Furthermore, some MT's are believed to be involved in zinc and copper homoeostasis. Future studies should reveal whether or not some of the diversity of MT structure reflects a diversity of function.  相似文献   

17.
The relationship between proton motive force and the secretion of dextransucrase in Leuconostoc mesenteroides was investigated. L. mesenteroides was able to maintain a constant proton motive force of -130 mV when grown in batch fermentors at pH values 5.8 to 7.0. The contribution of the membrane potential and the transmembrane pH gradient varied depending on the pH of the growth medium. The differential rate of dextransucrase secretion was relatively constant at 1,040 delta mU/delta mg (dry weight) when cells were grown at pH 6.0 to 6.7. Over this pH range, the internal pH was alkaline with respect to the external pH. When cells were grown at alkaline pH values, dextransucrase secretion was severely inhibited. This inhibition was accompanied by an inversion of the pH gradient as the internal pH became more acidic than the external pH. Addition of nigericin to cells at alkaline pH partially dissipated the inverted pH gradient and produced a fourfold stimulation of dextransucrase secretion. Treatment of cells with the lipophilic cation methyltriphenylphosphonium had no effect on the rate of dextransucrase secretion at pH 5.5 but inhibited secretion by 95% at pH 7.0. The reduced rate of secretion correlated with the dissipation of the proton motive force by this compound. Values of proton motive force greater than -90 mV were required for maximal rates of dextransucrase secretion. The results of this study indicate that dextransucrase secretion in L. mesenteroides is dependent on the presence of a proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane that is directed into the cell.  相似文献   

18.
Proton motive force and Na+/H+ antiport in a moderate halophile.   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
The influence of pH on the proton motive force of Vibrio costicola was determined by measuring the distributions of triphenylmethylphosphonium cation (membrane potential, delta psi) and either dimethyloxazolidinedione or methylamine (osmotic component, delta pH). As the pH of the medium was adjusted from 5.7 to 9.0, the proton motive force steadily decreased from about 170 to 100 mV. This decline occurred, despite a large increase in the membrane potential to its maximum value at pH 9.0, because of the loss of the pH gradient (inside alkaline). The cytoplasm and medium were of equal pH at 7.5; membrane permeability properties were lost at the pH extremes of 5.0 and 9.5. Protonophores and monensin prevented the net efflux of protons normally found when an oxygen pulse was given to an anaerobic cell suspension. A Na+/H+ antiport activity was measured for both Na+ influx and efflux and was shown to be dissipated by protonophores and monensin. These results strongly favor the concept that respiratory energy is used for proton efflux and that the resulting proton motive force may be converted to a sodium motive force through Na+/H+ antiport (driven by delta psi). A role for antiport activity in pH regulation of the cytosol can also explain the broad pH range for optimal growth, extending to the alkaline extreme of pH 9.0.  相似文献   

19.
In the presence of electrochemical energy, several branched-chain neutral and acidic amino acids were found to accumulate in membrane vesicles of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The membrane vesicles contained a stereo-specific transport system for the acidic amino acids L-glutamate and L-aspartate, which could not translocate their respective amines, L-glutamine and L-asparagine. The transport system was thermostable (Ti = 70 degrees C) and showed highest activities at elevated temperatures (60 to 65 degrees C). The membrane potential or pH gradient could act as the driving force for L-glutamate uptake, which indicated that the transport process of L-glutamate is electrogenic and that protons are involved in the translocation process. The electrogenic character implies that the anionic L-glutamate is cotransported with at least two monovalent cations. To determine the mechanistic stoichiometry of L-glutamate transport and the nature of the cotranslocated cations, the relationship between the components of the proton motive force and the chemical gradient of L-glutamate was investigated at different external pH values in the absence and presence of ionophores. In the presence of either a membrane potential or a pH gradient, the chemical gradient of L-glutamate was equivalent to that specific gradient at different pH values. These results cannot be explained by cotransport of L-glutamate with two protons, assuming thermodynamic equilibrium between the driving force for uptake and the chemical gradient of the substrate. To determine the character of the cotranslocated cations, L-glutamate uptake was monitored with artificial gradients. It was established that either the membrane potential, pH gradient, or chemical gradient of sodium ions could act as the driving force for L-glutamate uptake, which indicated that L-glutamate most likely is cotranslocated in symport with one proton and on sodium ion.  相似文献   

20.
The magnitude of the proton motive force generated during in vitro substrate oxidation by Coxiella burnetii was examined. The intracellular pH of C. burnetii varied from about 5.1 to 6.95 in resting cells over an extracellular pH range of 2 to 7. Similarly, delta psi varied from about 15 mV to -58 mV over approximately the same range of extracellular pH. Both components of the proton motive force increased during substrate oxidation, resulting in an increase in proton motive force from about -92 mV in resting cells to -153 mV in cells metabolizing glutamate at pH 4.2. The respiration-dependent increase in proton motive force was blocked by respiratory inhibitors, but the delta pH was not abolished even by the addition of proton ionophores such as carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone or 2,4-dinitrophenol. Because of this apparently passive component of delta pH maintenance, the largest proton motive force was obtained at an extracellular pH too low to permit respiration. C. burnetii appears, therefore, to behave in many respects like other acidophilic bacteria. Such responses are proposed to contribute to the extreme resistance of C. burnetii to environmental conditions and subsequent activation upon entry into the phagolysosome of eucaryotic cells in which this organism multiplies.  相似文献   

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