苦荞籽壳化学成分的研究

从苦荞籽壳Tataricum husks中分离得到9个单体化合物,经理化常数及波谱数据分析鉴定其结构分别为:芦丁(rutin,1)、槲皮素(quercetin,2)、山奈酚(kaempferol,3)、山奈酚-3-O-芦丁糖苷(kaempferol-3-O-rutin-nos,4)、大黄素(emodin,5)、谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(β-sitosterol palmitate,6)、α-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,7)、过氧化麦角甾醇(ergosterolperoxide,8)和胡萝卜苷(daucostero,9)。除芦丁和槲皮素外,其余化合物为首次从苦荞麦籽壳中分离得到。     

药囊花茎叶的化学成分研究

药囊花（Cyphotheca montana Diels）茎叶的乙醇提取物具有抗菌活性,进一步的活性追踪表明活性成分在乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物中,我们从这两种萃取物中共分离鉴定出9个化合物,其结构通过波谱分析等分别鉴定为：槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙（1）,杨梅素-3-O-α-L鼠李糖甙（2）,山萘酚-3-（2″,6″-二-O-（E）-p-羟基苯丙烯酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（3）,3,3′-O-二甲基逆没食子酸-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（4）,槲皮素（5）,2α,3β,19α,23-四羧基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸-28-0-β-D吡喃葡萄糖甙（6）,乌苏酸（7）,β-谷甾醇（8）和胡萝卜甙（9）,这些化合物均为首次从我国该特有单种属植物中分离得到。     

显齿蛇葡萄(藤茶)化学成分研究

从显齿蛇葡萄的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱分析、化学分析及与已知化合物对照,分别鉴定为：棕桐酸（1）、β－谷甾醇（2）、大黄素（3）、没食子酸甲酯（4）、槲皮素（5）、槲皮素－3－0－β－D－葡萄糖甙（6）、花旗松素（7）、洋芹素（8）和蛇葡萄素（9）。9个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

野山楂茎化学成分研究

采用硅胶、AB-8大孔树脂和凝胶柱层析方法对野山楂茎化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和光谱数据分析鉴定得到9个化合物,分别是:棕榈酸(1)、硬脂酸(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、槲皮素(4)、芦丁(5)、熊果酸(6),β-胡萝卜甙(7),柠檬酸(8)和儿茶素(9)。除化合物4外,其余均首次从野山楂中分离得到。     

黄杨中的非生物碱化学成分

从黄杨Buxus sinica地上部分分离出10个化合物,通过光谱分析鉴定为：Cleomiscosin A（1）,3,5-二羟基-4′,6,7-三甲氧基-黄酮-3′-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（2）,5,3′,4′-三羟基-3,6,7-三甲氧基-黄酮（3）,Cleomiscosin A-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（4）,3,5-二甲氧基苯甲酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（5）,4′,5-二羟基-3,6,7-三甲氧基-黄酮（6）,羽扇豆烷醇（7）,（＋）-Pinoresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（8）,β-谷甾醇（9）,胡萝卜甙（10）。其中化合物1—5,6,8均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

节节草化学成分的研究

应用柱层析、薄层层析及重结晶等方法,从木贼科问荆属植物节节草（Equisetum ramosissimum）的全草中分离得到17个化合物,经现代波谱技术鉴定了它们的结构,分别为：5α,6α-环氧-β-紫罗兰酮-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（1）、loliolide（2）、环阿尔屯烷～24（30）-烯-3β-醇（3）、环阿尔屯烷-22（23）-烯-3β醇（4）、麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β,5α,8α-三醇（5）、木栓醇（6）、芹菜素（7）、芫花素（8）、芫花素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（9）、芹菜素-5-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（10）、木犀草素（11）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（12）、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（13）、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙（14）、腺嘌呤核苷（15）、β-谷甾醇（16）和β-胡萝卜甙（17）。其中化合物1～5、15为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

瓜子金化学成分的研究

自瓜子金(Palygala japonica)中分离出16个化合物,本文报道其中4个化台物的分离和结构鉴定。经化学和光谱解析,鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、β-胡萝卜甙(Ⅱ)、槲皮素(Ⅲ)和鼠李亭-3-O-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅳ),均为首次从该植物中获得。     

新疆圆柏化学成分研究

从新疆圆柏枝叶中分离得到9个化合物,经理化性质和光谱解析分别为扁柏双黄酮（hinokiflavone,1）、芹菜甙元（apigenin,2）、鬼臼毒素（podophyllotoxin,3）、苦松甙（coniferin,4）、肉豆蔻酸丙酯（propionic acetate myristic acid,5）、β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,6）、圆柏醇（sabinal,7）、反式璎珞酸（trans-communic acid,8）、蔗糖（sucrose,9）,其中化合物1～4为首次从该植物中提取分离得到.     

扛板归根化学成分研究

从扛板归(Polygonum perfoliatum)根中分离鉴定出7种化合物,其结构分别为β-谷甾醇(1)、反式-对羟基肉桂酸甲酯(2)、槲皮素(3)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(4)、大黄素(5)、大黄素甲醚(6)和芦荟大黄素(7)。这些成分均为首次从扛板归根中分离得到。     

假朝天罐的化学成分研究

从假朝天罐（Ｏｓｂｅｃｋｉａ ｃｒｉｎｉｔａ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）的地上部分分离得到六个化合物,β－谷甾醇、熊果要到、胡萝卜甙、槲皮素－３－鼠李糖甙、槲皮素－３－葡萄糖甙、槲皮素,均是首次从扣坡素－３－鼠李糖甙是首次从该属植物中获得。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.