舟山群岛四种兽人为捕杀活动的初步研究

捕杀是人为对物种的一种重要干扰因子。本文研究了舟山群岛獐（Ｈｙｄｒｏｐｏｔｅｓ ｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ）、麂（Ｍｕｎｔｉａｃｕｓ ｒｅｅｖｅｓｉ）、小灵猫（Ｖｉｕｅｒｒｉｃｕｌａ ｉｎｄｉｃａ）和豹猫（Ｆｅｌｉｓ ｂｅｎｇａｌｅｎｓｉｓ）的人为捕杀率、捕杀量和捕杀活动。四种兽的捕杀率高,捕杀量大。舟山群岛及相邻地区非法狩猎活动很猖獗。建议对我国人为捕杀的程度和范围进行广泛的调查,并开展《野生动物保护法》的     

对节白蜡资源现状及可持续利用对策

对节白蜡（ＦｒａｘｉｎｕｓｈｕｐｅｈｅｎｓｉｓＣｈ′ü,ＳｈａｎｇｅｔＳｕ）的分布、数量和利用现状的调查结果表明,其分布范围狭窄,资源贮量有限,有较大利用价值。近年来,由于重利用轻保护,尤其是为制作树桩盆景而被大量采挖,野生资源遭到严重破坏,为此,提出了可持续利用对策。     

贵州代化西部大标关纳缪尔晚期三叶虫

记述贵州代化西部大标关纳缪尔晚期地层（滑石板组）中的砑头虫科、短额虫科和菲利普虫科三叶虫５属（亚属）、４种和２未定种,其中有１新亚属：Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｈｉｌｌｉｐｓｉａ,３新种（新亚种）：Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｈｉｌｌｉｐｓｉａ ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ,Ｎｅｏｇｒｉｆｆｉｔｈｉｄｅｓ ｄａｉｈｕａｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｗｅａｎｉａ ｌｉｂｒｏｖｉｔｃｈｉ ｑｉａｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ。     

四川贡嘎山地区杜鹃属的地理分布及区系组成

贡嘎山地区位于青藏高原的东南缘,横断山系的东北段,现有杜鹃属植物７３种４变种２亚种。在贡嘎山地区东坡的不同生趣高度上分布有４３种（包括变、亚种）杜鹃,西坡则分布有６３种（包括变、亚种）。贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物的区系组成属泛北极植物区,大致分为：１、中国－日本森林植物亚区,只有１种杜鹃。２、中国－喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,有７８种（包括４变种,２亚种）,其中（１）１种分布于西藏、云南,并经云南入缅甸分布;     

新疆几种昼出性蝴蝶的更正（鳞翅目）

本文订正黄人鑫和村山修一（１９９２）在《蝶と蛾》（４３卷１期）上发表的几个蝴蝶新种和新亚种。１．ＰａｒｎａｓｉｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓｈａｌａｓｉｃｕｓＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｐａｒｎａｓｉｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓｐｈｏｅｂｕｓ（Ｆａｂｒ．１７９３）的新异名。２．ＰａｒｎａｓｉｕｓａｒｉａｄｎｅｊｉａｄｅｎｇｙｕｅｎｓｉｓＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｄｒｉｏｐａ（Ｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｄｉｏｐａ）ａｒｉａｄｎｅａｒｉａｄｎｅ（Ｋｉｎｄｅｒｍａｎｎ,１８５３）的新异名。３．ＰｏｎｔｉａｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅｈａｌａｓｉａＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为Ｓｙｎｃｈｌｏｅｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅｃａｌｉｄｉｃｅ（Ｈüｂｎｅｒ）的新异名。４．ＭｅｌｉｔａｅａｓｃｏｔｏｓｉａｗｅｉｗｕｅｒｉａＨｕａｎｇｅｔＭｕｒａｙａｍａ,１９９２为ＭｅｌｉｔａｅａｓｃｏｔｏｓｉａｂｕｔｌｅｒｉＨｉｇｇｉｎｓ的新异名。     

猪尾鼠的分类,分布与分化

本文对猪尾鼠（Ｔｙｐｈｌｏｍｐｓｃｉｎｅｒｅｕｓ）的亚种分化、分布和亚种间的相互关系作了研究。它被划分为５个亚种．其中,分布于长江流域中上游一带的猪尾鼠为一新亚种（大娄山亚种,Ｔ．ｃ．ｄａｌｏｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）,以脑颅较隆突、眶间较窄、鼻骨后缘止于颌额缝之前为其特征;广西珠江以南的猪尾鼠为另一新亚种（广西亚种,Ｔ．ｃ．ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ）,以腹面污黄色,脑颅高隆而宽阔为其特征。通过对２２个可数性状和测量性状的聚类分析,结果表明：５个亚种可分为两组,其中,越南北部的沙巴亚种和广西南部的广西亚种为一组,性状相对特化;长江流域的大娄山亚种、云南的景东亚种和华东地区的指名亚种为另一组,性状相对原始。后一亚种组小,大娄山亚种和景东亚种有较多的相似性,关系比较密切,指名亚种保有较多的原始特征。猪尾鼠起源于更新世早期,起源地可能是华南大陆。现今的猪尾鼠在我国长江流域及其以南地区的分布几乎是连续的,向北可分布到秦岭南坡和甘肃南部,向酉到滇中哀牢山。江河的阻隔和地带性环境气候的差异和变化可能是导致猪尾鼠亚种分化的主要原因。     

云南三种蝗虫雌或雄性首次记述

首次记述斑腿蝗科２种蝗虫的雄性：云南棒腿蝗Ｔｙｌｏｔｒｏｐｉｄｉｕｓ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉａｎｇ和筱翅黑背蝗Ｅｙｐｒｅｐｏｃｎｅｍｉｓ ｐｅｒｂｒｅｖｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ Ｂｉ ｅｔ Ｘｉａ。以及网翅蝗科昆明拟竹蝗Ｃｅｒａｃｒｉｓｏｉｄｅｓ ｋｕｍｎｉｎｇｓｉｓ Ｌｉｕ的雌性。３种蝗虫雌雄性分别采集于云南大理州邓川（２４５０ｍ）,祥云大白桥（１８５０ｍ￣２０００ｍ）和昆明宜良（     

云南省红豆杉资源的分布,利用现状与保护和可持续利用

红豆杉属（ＴａｘｕｓＬ．）植物是提取抗癌新药紫杉醇（ｔａｘｏｌ）的原料,在云南省有２种１变种,分布范围较广,但多散生,野生数量计有３５４０９２０株。近年来,红豆杉资源的开发利用研究进展较快,但资源的破坏和浪费严重,加之该植物生长缓慢,对生境的要求高,营造原料林困难,供求矛盾十分突出,为此提出了红豆杉资源的保护和可持续利用对策。     

安徽黄山西部青冈种群小地理范围的遗传分化

采用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究了黄山西部青冈〔Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｏｅｒｓｔ．〕种群小地理范围的遗传分化。黄山２个亚种群之间基因频率基本没有差异,基因多样性平均为０．１８２６,小岭和钓桥亚种群分别有２个和１个位点存在显著的杂合子不足的现象。亚种群之间的遗传分化程度很低（ＧＳＴ＝０．９７６％）,主要是由于小地理范围的生境异质性程度低和较大的基因流（平均为１７３）造成的。     

西藏几种沙蜥的分类、演化、分布及其与古地史的关系

西藏地区有沙蜥属３种：西藏沙蜥（Ｐｈｒｙｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉ）红尾沙蜥（Ｐ．ｅｒｙｔｈｒｕｒｕｓ）和泽当沙蜥（Ｐ．ｚｅｔａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）,根据形态特征和地理分布特点西藏沙蜥又为为西藏沙蜥指名亚种（Ｐ．ｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉ）和１新亚种－西藏沙蜥东方亚种（Ｐ．ｔｈｅｏｂａｌｄｉｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓｎｏｖ．ｓｓｐ）二者的主要鉴别特征是：（１）前者后肢贴体前伸达到或超过     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).