瘿花香茶菜的微量成分

从唇形科瘿花茶菜（Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａ ｒｏｓｔｈｏｒｎｉｉ）叶的乙醚抽出物中分出２个新的微量成分,瘿花丙素和丁素。基于详细的光谱分析,包括应用二维核磁共振数据,瘿花丙素和化学结合分别确定为对映－１１α－乙酰氧基－７β,１３β,１９－三羟基贝壳杉－１６烯－１５－酮（１）和对映－１１α－乙酰氧基－７β,１２β,１４α－三羟基贝壳杉－１６烯－１５－酮（２）。     

西北蔷薇果实化学成分的研究

从西北蔷薇（Rosa davidii Crep.)果实中分得１１个化合物,经波谱方法鉴定为：２α,３β,１９β－三羟基－齐墩果烷－１２－烯－２８－酸（１）２α,３β－二羟基－乌苏烷－２８（１３）－内酯（２）、arjunic acid(3)、蔷薇酸（４）、２α,３β－二羟基乌苏酸（５）、齐墩果酸（６）、山奈素（６）、tiliroside(８）、槲皮素（９）、胡萝卜甙（１０）和β－谷甾醇（１１）。其中１和２为首次发现的新化合物。     

光轴苎叶Ju的化学成分研究

从光轴苎叶Ｊｕ地上部分甲醇浸膏中分得１１个化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为：β－谷旮醇（４）,４－烯－６β－羟基－３豆甾烷酮（２）,麦角甾醇过氧化物（３）,α－软脂酸甘油酯（４）,（Ｅ）－３,４－亚甲二氧基苯丙烯醛（５）,胡椒碱（６）,胡椒次碱（７）,荜拔明宁碱（８）,ｇｕｉｎｅｅｎｓｉｎｅ（９）,ｃｅｐｈａｒａｎｏｎｅＡ（１０）,ｃｅｐｈａｒａｎｏｎｅＢ（１）。     

藤山柳的化学成分

从藤山柳〖Ｃｌｅｍａｔｏｃｌｅｔｈｒａ ｓｃａｎｄｅｎｓ（Ｆｒａｎｃｈ．）Ｍａｘｉｍ〗根茎甲醇提取物的石油醚和波谱分析,分离出８个化合物,经理化常数和波谱分析,分别鉴定为：７－羧基贝壳杉烯内酯（１）,蒲公英赛烷醇（２）,桦木酸（３）,乌苏酸（４）,２α,３α,２３－三羟基乌苏－１２－烯－２８－酸（５０,２α３α２３－三羟基乌苏－１２,２０（３０）－二烯－２８０酸（６）,豆甾－４－烯－３,６－二酮（     

毛喉鞘蕊花的微量成分

从唇形科毛喉鞘蕊花全草的氯仿提取物分离到２个新的微量成分,鞘蕊花戊素和已素。基于光谱分析,鞘蕊花戊素和已 素的化学结构分别鉴定为１α,７β－二乙酰氧基－８,１３－环氧－６β羟基勒丹－１４烯－１１－酮（１）和７β－乙酰氧基－８,１３环氧－６β,α－二羟基勒丹－１４烯－１１－酮（２）。     

麻疯树根的化学成分研究

从麻疯树（Ｊａｔｒｏｐｈａ ｃｕｒｃａｓ Ｌ．）的根中分离到１３ 个化合物,经理化常数和波谱鉴定（ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、ＥＩＭＳ和ＦＡＢＭＳ）分别为∶５α－豆甾烷－３,６－二酮（１）、川皮甙（２）、β－谷甾醇（３）、蒲公英脑（４）、２Ｓ－正二十四饱和脂肪酸甘油酯－１（５）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基香豆素（６）、麻疯树酚酮Ａ（７）、麻疯树酚酮Ｂ（８）、６－甲氧基－７－羟基香豆素（９）、ｃａｎｉｏｊａｎｅ （１０）、３－羟基－４－甲氧基－苯甲醛（１１）、３－甲氧基－４－羟基苯甲酸（１２）和胡萝卜甙（１３）． 其中,化合物５ 为未见报道的新化合物,化合物１、２、９、１０、１１、１２ 为首次从该植物中分得,１０ 为含有过氧基团的二萜化合物． ７ 和８ 为一对四环二萜的立体异构体,并在碱中相互转化     

四川清风藤根皮中三萜成分的研究

从四川清风藤（Ｓａｂｉａ ｓｃｈｕｍ ａｎｎｉａｎａ Ｄｉｅｌｓ）的根皮分离到５ 个三萜化合物,根据理化常数、波谱分析及配合衍生物制备,分别鉴定为：３－氧,Δ１１,１３（１８）－齐墩果二烯（１）、３,１１－二氧,Δ１２－齐墩果烯（２）、３β－羟基,Δ１１,１３（１８）－齐墩果二烯（３）、３－氧,１１α－羟基,Δ１２－齐墩果烯（４）和３β,１１α－二羟基,Δ１２－齐墩果烯（５）。其中,４为新化合物     

香港坚木中的达玛烷型三萜

从楝科植物香港坚木的树吉中分得了４个新的达玛烷型三萜,基于详细的光谱分析及与同类化合物的光谱数据比较鉴定了其结构,分别命名为：２０Ｒ,２４Ｒ－表－２５－达玛烷烯－３－酮,１６β－羟基达玛烷－２０,２５－二烯－３－酮,２６－羟基达玛烷－２０,２４－二烯－３－酮和３β－乙酰基－７α,２１Ｓ,２５－三羟基－２１Ｓ,２３Ｒ－表－１（１１）－达玛烷烯。     

梨头霉11α—羟基化制备16β—甲基—11α,17α21—三烃基孕甾—1, …

选育到一株对１６β－甲基－１７α,２１－二羟基孕甾－１,４＝－二烯－３,２０－二酮（Ⅱａ）１１α－羟基化活性强的梨头霉Ａ２８菌株,并发现底物２１－乙酰化（Ⅱｂ）可明显提高１１α－羟工 能力。在适宜的转化条件下,１１ｂ投料浓度０．５％,产物１６β－基１１α,１７α,２１－三羟基孕甾－１,４－二烯－３,２０－二酮（Ⅲ）收率为７３％,结构经波谱分析确认。     

钩藤的三萜成分

从钩藤枝叶的乙醇提取物中分离得到５个三萜成分。经光谱鉴定。Ｉ为已知化合物：３β,６β。１８α－ｔｒｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｕｒｓ－１２－ｅｎ－２８－ｏｉｃ－ａｃｉｄ;Ⅱ为新化合物;３β,６β－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｕｒｓ－１２,１８（１９）－２８－ｏｉｃａｃｉｄ,命名为钩藤甙元Ａ     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.