共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
抗菌肽作为最有潜力的抗生素替代药物,其临床应用和商品化生产还十分有限。科研人员采用各种方法克服这些障碍,如引入稀有氨基酸或多肽模拟的技术以避免抗菌肽的水解,或设计更短的多肽在保持其活性的同时降低生产的成本,这些手段均基于对抗菌肽结构的了解。可见,研究抗菌肽的分子结构对改进其功能必不可少,本文将介绍抗菌肽结构与功能的关系。 相似文献
2.
抗菌肽Cecropin及其在转基因植物抗菌中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cecropin抗菌肽,又名天蚕素,是一类具有抗菌能力的小分子多肽,热稳定性好,抗菌谱广,在各个应用领域已经得到广泛的研究。本文就Cecropin抗菌肽结构与功能的关系、作用机制和其在转基因植物抗菌领域中的应用进行综述,转基因植物表达Cecropin抗菌肽具有应用优势和实用价值,Cecropin抗菌肽分子结构与作用机制探索的深入能进一步促进转基因植物抗菌研究的发展。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
鱼类抗菌肽的研究进展 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
鱼类抗菌肽是鱼体天然免疫的重要组成部分,其结构和组成复杂多样.根据生化和结构特点,可将它们分为4种基本类型:具有疏水或双亲性α螺旋结构的抗菌肽、含多对二硫键并可形成β折叠结构的抗菌肽、组蛋白样抗菌肽和具有糖基化修饰的抗菌肽.鱼类抗菌肽多以前肽原的形式合成,通过酶解切除信号肽和羧基端酸性片段后形成有活性的成熟肽.成熟肽具有很强的抑菌活性,其最小抑制浓度多在毫摩尔水平.目前,已克隆了多个鱼类抗菌肽基因,揭示了pleurocidin等基因家族的结构及其转录调控特点.鱼类抗菌肽的抗菌机制已建立了“桶-桶板”和“地毯”样两种模型,基本阐明了抗菌肽分子结构与抗菌功能间的关系. 相似文献
7.
昆虫抗菌肽对病原微生物作用的研究进展 总被引:31,自引:3,他引:28
在诱导和非诱导情况下,昆虫能产生各种类型的具有体液免疫功能的小分子物质-抗菌肽,参与机体对入侵病原微生物的免疫应答反应,构成了机体独特的免疫系统和免疫机制。这类抗菌肽或抗菌蛋白也存在于其它动物。研究表明,抗菌肽对细菌、真菌、病毒和原虫都具有作用,甚至对癌细胞也具有杀伤作用。随着抗菌肽家族的不断扩大,其结构研究的深入,相继提出了一些崭新的杀菌方式和作用机制。本文从目前国内外这方面的研究入手,分析各抗菌肽的作用特点、杀菌作用模式,展望了基因工程及临床应用的前景。 相似文献
8.
铰链结构,又称铰链区或转角,是部分抗菌肽序列中存在的一种特殊结构。但目前抗菌肽结构的研究多集中于标准的α-螺旋和β-折叠二级结构,对于铰链结构及其作用总结较少。铰链结构对抗菌肽生物活性有重要影响,主要原因是铰链结构能够提高抗菌肽的结构灵活性,促进其对细菌细胞膜的破坏作用或与胞内作用靶点的结合效率,进而提高抗菌肽的抗菌活性。同时,降低的抗菌肽结构刚性,消减了抗菌肽对真核细胞的毒性。文中结合了笔者课题组相关工作,就铰链结构特点、对抗菌肽生物活性的影响以及在抗菌肽分子设计方面的应用进行了综述,以期为新型抗菌肽的设计和开发提供参考。 相似文献
9.
抗菌肽是生物体内产生的一种具有生物活性的小分子多肽,具有广谱抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌甚至抗癌作用。SMAP-29是来源于绵羊骨髓细胞,包含29个氨基酸的Cathelicidin类α-螺旋结构抗菌肽。SMAP-29具有多种生物活性,包括抗革兰氏阳/阴性菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗螺旋体、抗衣原体和中和内毒素活性,并且具有作用机制独特、快速杀灭细菌的特点。以下综述了SMAP-29抗菌肽家族的基因和蛋白结构、结构与活性关系、作用机制、生物功能、基因重组表达,重点阐述了SMAP-29结构、分子设计的必要性和基于 相似文献
10.
11.
The growing world of expansins 总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34
Cosgrove DJ Li LC Cho HT Hoffmann-Benning S Moore RC Blecker D 《Plant & cell physiology》2002,43(12):1436-1444
Expansins are cell wall proteins that induce pH-dependent wall extension and stress relaxation in a characteristic and unique manner. Two families of expansins are known, named alpha- and beta-expansins, and they comprise large multigene families whose members show diverse organ-, tissue- and cell-specific expression patterns. Other genes that bear distant sequence similarity to expansins are also represented in the sequence databases, but their biological and biochemical functions have not yet been uncovered. Expansin appears to weaken glucan-glucan binding, but its detailed mechanism of action is not well established. The biological roles of expansins are diverse, but can be related to the action of expansins to loosen cell walls, for example during cell enlargement, fruit softening, pollen tube and root hair growth, and abscission. Expansin-like proteins have also been identified in bacteria and fungi, where they may aid microbial invasion of the plant body. 相似文献
12.
Jenson Verghese Thuy Nguyen Lisa M. Oppegard Lauren M. Seivert Hiroshi Hiasa Keith C. Ellis 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(21):5874-5877
The increasing occurrence of drug-resistant bacterial infections in the clinic has created a need for new antibacterial agents. Natural products have historically been a rich source of both antibiotics and lead compounds for new antibacterial agents. The natural product simocyclinone D8 (SD8) has been reported to inhibit DNA gyrase, a validated antibacterial drug target, by a unique catalytic inhibition mechanism of action. In this work, we have prepared simplified flavone-based analogues inspired by the complex natural product and evaluated their inhibitory activity and mechanism of action. While two of these compounds do inhibit DNA gyrase, they do so by a different mechanism of action than SD8, namely DNA intercalation. 相似文献
13.
Nematophagous fungi for biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic animals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fabio Ribeiro Braga Jackson Victor de Araújo 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(1):71-82
Several studies have been conducted using fungi in the biological control of domestic animals and humans. In this respect, a large amount of research has been undertaken to understand the particularities of each fungus used. These fungi have been demonstrated to act on all classes of helminthes. Therefore, they should not only be called nematophagous but also helmintophagous. Evidence of enzymatic action has also revealed their mechanism of action, as well as potential metabolites that could be synthesized as bioactive molecules. Cultural barriers to the use of fungi should be broken down, since the impact on the environment is minimal. In this context, much is already known about the mechanism of interaction of these organisms with their ‘targets’. Recent research has pointed to the search for substances derived from nematophagous fungi that have demonstrated their ovicidal and/or larvicidal activity, thus being a global premise to be studied further. Crude extracts derived from nematophagous fungi of predator and ovicidal groups reduce the amount of larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes and prevent the hatching of their eggs, since they have been demonstrated to act with extracellular proteases and other enzymes. Furthermore, the activity of these enzymes has begun to be explored regarding their possible interaction with the exoskeleton of arthropods, which could emerge as an alternative method of tick control. Finally, it should be clear that nematophagous fungi in general are ‘old friends’ that are ready to the ‘fight with our old enemies’, the gastrointestinal helminth parasites harmful to human and animal health. 相似文献
14.
Scaffidi A Waters MT Bond CS Dixon KW Smith SM Ghisalberti EL Flematti GR 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2012,22(11):3743-3746
Karrikins and strigolactones are novel plant growth regulators that contain similar molecular features, but very little is known about how they elicit responses in plants. A tentative molecular mechanism has previously been proposed involving a Michael-type addition for both compounds. Through structure-activity studies with karrikins, we now propose an alternative mechanism for karrikin and strigolactone mode of action that involves hydrolysis of the butenolide ring. 相似文献
15.
Burnett DA Caplen MA Browne ME Zhau H Altmann SW Davis HR Clader JW 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2002,12(3):315-318
Fluorescent analogues of the cholesterol absorption inhibitor (CAI), Sch 58235, have been designed and synthesized as single enantiomers. Biological testing reveals that they are potent CAIs and are suitable tools for the investigation of the azetidinone CAI mechanism of action (MOA). 相似文献
16.
Nonsteroidal antiestrogens are estrogen-receptor-targeted growth inhibitors that can act in the absence of estrogens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H Rochefort 《Hormone research》1987,28(2-4):196-201
The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of nonsteroidal antiestrogens (tamoxifen, hydroxytamoxifen) is discussed from studies performed in human breast cancer cell lines. At least two types of mechanism have been evidenced. In the presence of estrogens, antiestrogens behave as classical antihormones and their inhibition of cell proliferation is likely due to inhibition of the synthesis and release of several estrogen-induced mitogens (growth factors and proteases). In the absence of estrogens (cells cultured in phenol-red-free medium), antiestrogens can still inhibit the effect of growth factors (EGF, insulin). At concentrations less than or equal to 4 microM, antiestrogens are also cytotoxic and they require accessible estrogen receptors for their action. 'Estrogen-receptor-targeted drugs' is therefore a better general term than 'antiestrogens' to describe the mechanism of action of these drugs, which can also function without inhibiting estrogen action. 相似文献
17.
Calpains: an elaborate proteolytic system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Calpain is an intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.17; Clan CA, family C02). Recent expansion of sequence data across the species definitively shows that calpain has been present throughout evolution; calpains are found in almost all eukaryotes and some bacteria, but not in archaebacteria. Fifteen genes within the human genome encode a calpain-like protease domain. Interestingly, some human calpains, particularly those with non-classical domain structures, are very similar to calpain homologs identified in evolutionarily distant organisms. Three-dimensional structural analyses have helped to identify calpain's unique mechanism of activation; the calpain protease domain comprises two core domains that fuse to form a functional protease only when bound to Ca(2+)via well-conserved amino acids. This finding highlights the mechanistic characteristics shared by the numerous calpain homologs, despite the fact that they have divergent domain structures. In other words, calpains function through the same mechanism but are regulated independently. This article reviews the recent progress in calpain research, focusing on those studies that have helped to elucidate its mechanism of action. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis 50 years after the discovery of lysosome. 相似文献
18.
植物蛋白酶抑制剂基因结构、调控及其控制害虫的策略 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
各种不同类型的植物蛋白酶抑制剂基因已被分离,它们的特异产物(单基因或多基因组合),对昆虫体内各种生化和生理过程会产生不同程度的影响,在对昆虫和病原体防御体系中起重要作用。多种蛋白酶抑制剂重组,协同保护植物的方法,已成为害虫综合防治计划的一部分。尽管它们近期内尚不能代替化学杀虫剂,但可作为有效的替补。目前,大多数抑制剂的作用和机理正在详尽地研究中,该文综述了植物蛋白酶抑制剂的基因结构、调控与表达并讨论了培育转基因作物控制害虫的策略。 相似文献
19.
Proteins of the PDI family: unpredicted non-ER locations and functions 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) constitute a family of structurally related enzymes which catalyze disulfide bonds formation, reduction, or isomerization of newly synthesized proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They act also as chaperones, and are, therefore, part of a quality-control system for the correct folding of the proteins in the same subcellular compartment. While their functions in the ER have been thoroughly studied, much less is known about their roles in non-ER locations, where, however, they have been shown to be involved in important biological processes. At least three proteins of this family from higher vertebrates have been found in unusual locations (i.e., the cell surface, the extracellular space, the cytosol, and the nucleus), reached through an export mechanism which has not yet been understood. In some cases their function in the non-ER location is clearly related to their redox properties, but in most cases their mechanism of action has still to be disclosed, although their propensity to associate with other proteins or even with DNA might be the main factor responsible for their activities. 相似文献
20.
Receptors for auxin: will it all end in TIRs? 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7