首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 74 毫秒
1.
使用肺、心脏等组织进行培养,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本,以胰酶法制作G带,BSG法制作c带,分析了贵州2种鼠耳蝠的核型、G带和c带.水鼠耳蝠Myotis daubentoni和小鼠耳蝠Myotis dividii的染色体数均为2n=44,拥有3对大型和1对中型中着丝粒染色体,染色体臂数(FN)=52;这2种鼠耳蝠的G带...  相似文献   

2.
金黄鼠耳蝠Myotis formosus与渡濑氏鼠耳蝠M.rufoniger在物种识别及学名和中文名使用上一直混乱。以广东和江西采集的部分鼠耳蝠标本为研究对象,结合形态学和分子系统发育学方法对其进行分类厘定。结果显示,所采集的标本应为"渡濑氏鼠耳蝠",其形态特征却与国内文献中的"绯鼠耳蝠"(学名错用为M.formosus)形态描述相符合,结合历史文献,可确定国内鉴定的"绯鼠耳蝠"应为渡濑氏鼠耳蝠,国内分布区主要集中在中国东部,而近似种金黄鼠耳蝠仅在台湾和江西有分布记录。  相似文献   

3.
对肺、心等进行组织培养,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本,对贵州3种蝙蝠即中华鼠耳蝠(Myotis chinensis)、西南鼠耳蝠(M.altarium)和亚洲长翼蝠(Miniopterus fuliginosus)进行了G-带、C-带带型分析。结果表明,2种鼠耳蝠的G-带基本相同,亚洲长翼蝠的G-带与两种鼠耳蝠有一定同源性;C-带核型中,中华鼠耳蝠和亚洲长翼蝠只有着丝粒带,而西南鼠耳蝠有的染色体有插入C-带和端位C-带。根据带型异同分析讨论了鼠耳蝠和长翼蝠间的进化关系。  相似文献   

4.
目前我国基础资源调查中有关翼手目物种多样性及其分布的项目正在开展,着手建立翼手目物种多样性和分布数据库,对翼手目物种在中国的分布情况亟需广泛调查和深入研究。我们于2021年9月在北京市开展翼手目物种调查时,在北京房山十渡镇四御洞使用竖琴网捕获8只蝙蝠,经过COI和Cyt b序列比对和系统发育关系重建以及外部形态数据鉴定为华南水鼠耳蝠(Myotis laniger)。此次发现华南水鼠耳蝠是北京市翼手目物种分布新记录种。  相似文献   

5.
记述采自中国吉林南部鼠耳蝠属Myotis 1种:大趾鼠耳蝠Myotis macrodactylus为翼手目中国新纪录.提供了外形、头骨和牙齿的特征描述、照片、分布和生态习性.  相似文献   

6.
在吉林省通化市采集到长尾鼠耳蝠(Myotis frater)样本9只,为吉林省蝙蝠科新纪录,鉴定为长尾亚种M.f.longicaudatus.本文给出了该蝙蝠的特征描述和相关测量数据,并与文献记录进行了比较.  相似文献   

7.
蝙蝠科七种蝙蝠的核型   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15  
报道了贵州7种蝙蝠科蝙蝠的核型,伏翼和印度伏翼的染色体数为2n=26,常染色体都由10对双臂染色体和2对微小点状染色体组成.X.F=44,性染色体是大小悬殊的端着丝粒染色体;两核型的主要区别在于前的No.3是中着丝粒染色体,后为亚中着丝粒染色体;大鼠耳辐(四川亚种)、水鼠耳蝠和西南鼠耳蝠的染色体数都是2n=44,常染色体都由4对中着丝粒染色体和17对端着丝粒染色体组成,N.F=50,其中大鼠耳蝠四川亚种)和水鼠耳蝠核型非常相似,西南鼠耳蝠与前二有一定区别;山蝠(福建亚种)是2n=36,常染色体包括7对中着丝粒染色体、1对亚中着丝粒染色体和9对端着丝粒染色体,N.F=50;南蝠2n=50,常染色体由24对端着丝粒染色体组成,N.F=48,X染色体是最大的中着丝粒染色体。  相似文献   

8.
2016年8月27日晚间在湖南省衡东县四方山国有林场仙妃洞(26°58′25″N,113°3′23″E,海拔463m)利用雾网采集到2号鼠耳蝠标本(HUNNU16SF16雄性、HUNNU16SF38雌性)。通过外部形态以及Cyt b序列比对,确认这两只鼠耳蝠为东亚水鼠耳蝠(Myotis petax)。此2个体体型较小,头体长分别为49.76 mm与49.93 mm,前臂长分别为40.73 mm和42.40 mm;头骨较小、略低而不显圆滑,上颌向上中等弯曲约30°,脑颅较低,顶部平缓,矢状脊不明显,吻较发达,宽度超过眶间宽,颧弓纤细,宽度明显超过后头宽,头骨后部略显浑圆而稍外凸;阴茎骨较长,1.088 mm,宽度为0.742 mm。此记录为湖南省翼手目分布新记录,标本保存于湖南师范大学脊椎动物标本馆。  相似文献   

9.
绯鼠耳蝠Myotis formosus又称丽鼠耳蝠、红黑鼠耳蝠等,隶属于翼手目Chiroptera蝙,蝠科Vespertilionidae蝙蝠亚科Vespertilioninae鼠耳蝠属Myotis.2006年12月20日于河南省南阳市桐柏山熊洞(2°62′N,113°68′E,海拔301 m)发现一冬眠群共31只色彩鲜艳的蝙蝠,仅采集5只,外形测量后分离头骨,毛皮做成剥制标本保存于河南师范大学生命科学学院标本馆.经进一步鉴定,确定为绯鼠耳蝠华南亚种Myotis formous rufoniger,为河南省蝙蝠新纪录.  相似文献   

10.
西南鼠耳蝠广东新纪录及其核型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
<正>西南鼠耳蝠(Myotis altarium Thomas,1911),因峨眉山为其模式产地,又称峨眉鼠耳蝠或者四川鼠耳蝠。隶属于翼手目(Chiroptera)蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)鼠耳蝠属(Myotis),主要分布  相似文献   

11.
Although tree cavities are a particularly critical resource for forest bats, how bats search for and find new roosts is still poorly known. Building on a recent study on the sensory basis of roost finding in the noctule (Ruczynski et al. 2007), here we take a comparative approach to how bats find roosts. We tested the hypothesis that species' flight abilities and echolocation call characteristics play important roles in how well and by which cues bats find new tree roosts. We used the very manoeuvrable, faintly echolocating brown long-eared bat ( Plecotus auritus ) and the less manoeuvrable, louder Daubenton's bat ( Myotis daubentonii ) as study species. The species are sympatric in European temperate forests and both roost in tree cavities. We trained bats in short-term captivity to find entrances to tree cavities and experimentally manipulated the sensory cues available to them. In both species, cue type influenced the search time for successful cavity detection. Visual, olfactory and temperature cues did not improve the bats' performance over the performance by echolocation alone. Eavesdropping on conspecific echolocation calls played back from inside the cavity decreased search time in Daubenton's bat ( M. daubentonii ), underlining the double function of echolocation signals – orientation and communication. This was not so in the brown long-eared bat ( P. auritus ) that has low call amplitudes. The highly manoeuvrable P. auritus found cavities typically from flight and the less manoeuvrable M. daubentonii found more entrances during crawling. Comparison with the noctule data from Ruczyński et al. (2007) indicates that manoeuvrability predicts the mode of cavity search. It further highlights the importance of call amplitude for eavesdropping and cavity detection in bats.  相似文献   

12.
Foraging in Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii , at two altitudinal locations along a river gradient in North Wales was investigated in relation to aerial insect density and to the density of prey on the water surface. Prey capture in Daubenton's bats consisted of aerial hawking, where prey was taken in the air, and trawling, where bats gaffed invertebrates from the water surface. Aerial hawking accounted for 86% of all prey capture attempts, despite aerial insect availability falling close to zero for much of the night. Conversely, prey density on the water surface was an order of magnitude higher than aerial prey density and increased through the night due to aquatic invertebrate drift. At the higher altitude site, M. daubentonii switched prey capture strategy to gaffing, possibly to reflect this change in prey availability on the water's surface, but at the lower altitude site, they maintained aerial hawking as the preferred strategy. The switch to gaffing may be inhibited by the significant downstream accumulation of large numbers of inedible exuviae of caddis flies, Trichoptera, at the low-altitude site, which form both acoustic clutter and increase the probability of capturing inedible prey, making foraging less efficient. These small altitudinal differences in foraging strategy should be factored into the design of future altitudinal bat foraging studies and if found to be a widespread strategy, taken into consideration by conservation planners when reviewing the habitat requirements of Daubenton's bats in river valleys within the United Kingdom.  相似文献   

13.
Distribution and minimum population densities for seven UK bat species known to be resident in northern England were calculated in an area covering 2500 km2. The species present were pipistrelle ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ), brown long-eared ( Plecotus auritus ), Daubenton's ( Myotis daubentonii ), whiskered ( Myotis mystacinus ), Natterer's (Myotis nattereri) , noctule ( Nyctalus noctula ) and Brandt's (Myotis brandtii). Data were collected primarily from counts at summer roosts over the period 1983 to 1990. A total of 310 bat roosts were discovered within the study area. Of the 256 roosts at which the species present was identified, the majority, 127 (49.6%) were P. pipistrellus , with a mean maternity roost size of 69.6 bats. A minimum population density of 12.6 batskm−2 was estimated for P. pipistrellus , based on summer (maternity) roosts. The minimum population density estimate was higher than previous studies in northern England but substantially lower than those reported in Scotland (18.2 bats km-−2). The combined density of M. mystacinus, M. brandtii, and P. pipistrellus , which have similar foraging styles (15.8 bats km−2), is comparable to Scottish P. pipistrellus densities. The density of M. duubentonii was also lower than in Scotland, although the density of P. auritus was comparable. The majority of summer roosts for all species were found in buildings, except N. noctula and M. duubentonii which used bridges/tunnels or trees.  相似文献   

14.
Echolocation constraints of Daubenton's Bat foraging over water   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
1. Daubenton's Bats ( Myotis daubentonii ) foraging over a stream concentrated their activity over calm surfaces, avoiding an adjacent area with small ripples (< 3 cm high). Aerial insects were most abundant over the ripples, so insect distribution could not explain why the bats avoided this area.
2. The bats flew low over water and always ( N = 22) directed the head forwards, presumably emitting the echolocation beam parallel to the surface, thus minimizing clutter. At an angle of incidence of 30° there was significantly more clutter from the rippled water.
3. The ripples produced ultrasonic noises in the form of transient pulses at an average rate of 6·2 per second. In the present case, such pulses were common enough potentially to interfere with target detection by the bats. Transient noises and echo clutter from moving ripples may be the principal reason why bats generally avoid foraging low over turbulent water.
4. The target strength of a potential insect prey at the water surface and the source levels of the bats' searching signals were measured to use in estimating the echo level at the bat when it detects the prey. The echo level at detection (+ 38 dB sound pressure level) was about the same as the clutter level extrapolated to the detection distance. This suggests that Daubenton's Bat operates at very low signal-to-noise ratios when foraging for insects near the water surface.  相似文献   

15.
The diets of British bats (Chiroptera)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Sixty-one studies of the diets of 15 species of bats found in the British Isles are reviewed. Fourteen studies describe the diets of more than one species. Barbastella barbastellus and Plecotus spp. eat mainly Lepidoptera. Eptesicus serotinus takes mainly Coleoptera, but feeds on a wide range of prey, found in several habitats. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum hunts mainly Coleoptera and Lepidoptera by hawking, gleaning and perch hunting. Myotis bechsteinii takes mostly woodland families of Diptera and Lepidoptera. The remaining nine species eat mainly Diptera. Myotis nattereri feeds almost entirely on diurnal Diptera, gleaned from their nightly resting places. Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis mystacinus take mostly swarming crepuscular Diptera by hawking, probably near water and in damp wooded areas; both also glean. Myotis brandtii feeds on Diptera by hawking and gleaning; Nyctalus noctula by hawking. Myotis daubentonii, Pipistrellus spp. and Nyctalus leisleri eat many aquatic Diptera, and may therefore be expected to feed close to freshwater habitats. M. daubentonii hunts by trawling aquatic Diptera from the surface of water.  相似文献   

16.
同地共栖三种鼠耳蝠食性差异及其生态位分化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Hu KL  Yang J  Tan LJ  Zhang LB 《动物学研究》2012,33(2):177-181
2005年9—11月在贵州省安龙县笃山乡暗河村,分析了共栖同一山洞3种鼠耳蝠的形态特征和食性。在体型上,华南水鼠耳蝠体重为(4.46±0.53)g,前臂长为(34.63±1.45)mm;毛腿鼠耳蝠体重为(5.15±1.76)g,前臂长为(35.20±1.07)mm;西南鼠耳蝠体重为(10.94±0.87)g,前臂长为(45.21±1.15)mm。3种鼠耳蝠的体重两两之间差异显著,西南鼠耳蝠与另外2种鼠耳蝠的前臂长相比两两之间差异显著。在食物组成上,华南水鼠耳蝠主要捕食近水面活动的双翅目及其幼虫,体积百分比和频次百分比分别为79.7%和100%;毛腿鼠耳蝠主要捕食双翅目和小型鞘翅目,体积百分比分别占59.6%和28.8%,频次百分比分别为91.3%和80.1%;西南鼠耳蝠的食物组成主要为近地面或在地表活动的鞘翅目步甲科和埋葬虫科昆虫,体积百分比和频次百分比分别为80.8%和100%;3种鼠耳蝠食物组成存在显著差异。结果表明,同地共栖3种鼠耳蝠除了形态结构上出现差异,食物组成也存在明显的差异。据此,推测3种鼠耳蝠可能采取不同的捕食生境和捕食策略,从而导致捕食生态位分离,避免出现激烈竞争,使得3种近缘鼠耳蝠能够同地共栖。  相似文献   

17.
Bloodfilms were collected from 491 bats representing 12 of the 15 species of British bats, from a number of sites in England and Scotland, and examined for haematozoa. Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum ) sp. were found in Pipistrelluspipistrellus, Nyctalus noctula, N. leisleri, Eptesicus serotinus and Myotis brandtii , and Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) incertum was found in P. pipistrellus. Both subgenera of trypanosomes appear to be transmitted by the bat bug Cimex pipistrelli. Gametocytes of the haemoproteid Poly-chromophilus murinus were found in one-third of Myotis daubentonii examined, and stages of the parasite were found in the vector, the wingless blood-sucking fly, Nycteribia kolenatii , collected from these bats. The piroplasm Babesia vesperuginis was found in the blood of P. pipistrellus and Myotis mystacinus , and was the only parasite to show evidence of pathogenicity to bats.  相似文献   

18.
We investigated roosting and hunting site fidelity of Daubenton's bats Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) in the Forêt de Soignes, an old-stand forest dominated by 150–200-year-old beeches, during the summers of 2003 and 2004. Roosting behaviour and hunting activity over ponds of adult females and juveniles were monitored using radio-telemetry. Eighteen roosts were located, all in natural cavities. The bats occupied a limited number of trees located in a specific and small roosting area. This roost aggregation was not linked to the distribution of hollow trees. Furthermore, whereas all 11 ponds in the study area were exploited by Daubenton's bats, monitored individuals were limited to two ponds to which they showed high fidelity. These two ponds were not the closest to the roosting area. Overall, these results show that at least for the time we conducted our experiment, female and juvenile Daubenton's bats are highly faithful to specific roosting and hunting grounds.  相似文献   

19.
Daubenton's bat ( Myotis daubentonii ) is a known reservoir for European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2). An appreciation of the potential for epidemiological spread and disease risk requires an understanding of the dispersal of the primary host, and any large-scale geographical barriers that may impede gene flow. The spatial pattern of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation was examined to infer patterns of dispersal of bats among 35 populations across Scotland. DNA sequence variation at the mitochondrial control region and ND1 genes revealed two distinct phylogeographical clades, with generally nonoverlapping geographical distributions except for a small number of populations where both matrilines were found in sympatry. Such discontinuity suggests that Scotland was recolonised twice following the retreat of the Pleistocene ice sheet with little subsequent matrilineal introgression. However, eight microsatellite loci showed low levels of genetic divergence among populations, even between populations from the two distinct mitochondrial DNA clades. An overall, macrogeographical genetic isolation-by-distance pattern was observed, with high levels of gene flow among local populations. Apparently contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite divergence at different scales could be explained by sex-specific differences in gene flow at large scales.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号