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1.
芯片技术与肿瘤中DNA甲基化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
田筱青  孙丹凤  张燕捷  房静远 《遗传》2008,30(3):295-303
DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的一个重要部分。它参与基因转录调控, X染色体失活, 发育调控及细胞分化的过程。异常的DNA甲基化与癌症的发生密切相关。芯片技术的发展为高通量研究DNA甲基化提供了新的方法。各种芯片技术以不同的DNA预处理方法为基础, 包括免疫沉淀和限制性内切酶等。免疫沉淀方法特异性高, 而限制性酶的方法具有较高的灵敏度。虽然每种方法都有一定的局限性, 但是它们为在基因组范围研究癌症的甲基化谱提供了更多的选择。  相似文献   

2.
甲基化修饰是脊椎动物DNA唯一的自然修饰方式,动物基因组甲基化与基因表达密切相关.DNA甲基化通过与反式作用因子相互作用或通过改变染色质结构而影响表达,在细胞分化、发育、X染色体失活、基因组印记及肿瘤发生发展中起重要作用.  相似文献   

3.
Guo XX  Ye HY  Zhang M 《遗传》2011,33(7):713-719
DNA甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要机制,但果蝇很久以来被认为是一种缺乏甲基化的模式生物。近年来才证实果蝇基因组中有5′-甲基胞嘧啶残基的存在,其DNA甲基化水平在胚胎发育早期达到最高,总体水平低于脊椎动物及植物。果蝇拥有一个包含dDNMT2和dMBD2/3的简单甲基化修饰系统,其分别与哺乳动物中的DNMT2家族及MBD2/MBD3蛋白高度同源。果蝇DNA甲基化模式和特点可能随果蝇种类不同而不同。文章对果蝇DNA甲基化特点及其功能研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

4.
DNA甲基化是基因表达的表观遗传调控机制之一,在细胞分化和疾病发生过程中发挥着重要的作用。病毒感染可导致DNA甲基化水平变化,从而影响疾病的发生与发展。随着全基因组甲基化测序等生物学新技术的飞速发展,对DNA甲基化也有了更深的认识。现就DNA甲基化和去甲基化的主要影响因素以及病毒感染过程中导致甲基化水平改变的机制做一概述,为从表观遗传角度研究病毒致病机制提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
真核生物的DNA甲基转移酶与DNA甲基化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
真核生物的DNA甲基化就是在DNA的CpG二核苷酸胞嘧啶的第 5位碳原子上加上甲基 ,催化这一过程的是DNA甲基转移酶 (Dnmt)。DNA的甲基化修饰参与基因表达调控、胚胎发育、细胞分化、基因组印迹、X染色体灭活和细胞记忆等诸多重要生物学过程[1,2 ] 。在不同组织或同一类型细胞的不同发育阶段 ,基因组DNA上各CpG位点甲基化状态的差异即构成基因组的DNA甲基化谱。根据催化反应类型。可以将DNA甲基转移酶分为三类 :第一类将腺嘌呤转化成N6 甲基腺嘌呤 ;第二类将胞嘧啶转化成N4 甲基胞嘧啶 ;第三类将胞嘧啶转化成…  相似文献   

6.
线粒体是除细胞核之外唯一携带遗传物质的细胞器,其线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)控制着线粒体一些最基本的性质,对细胞功能有着重要影响.DNA甲基化是调节基因表达的重要方式之一.研究表明mtDNA存在CpG位点的低甲基化,并且mtDNA基因的表达受核DNA(nuclear DNA,nDNA)及线粒体自身DNA甲基化的调控,mtDNA和nDNA协同作用参与机体代谢调节和疾病发生发展过程.就近年来mtDNA与DNA甲基化的关系作一综述.  相似文献   

7.
王萍  房静远 《生命科学》2009,(2):291-294
线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)遗传信息量虽小,却控制着线粒体一些最基本的性质,对细胞及其功能有着重要影响。mtDNA的损伤与衰老、肿瘤等疾病的发生有关。DNA甲基化是调节基因表达的重要方式之一。mtDNA基因的表达受核DNA(nuclear DNA,nDNA)的调控,mtDNA和nDNA协同作用参与机体代谢调节和发病。本文就近年来mtDNA与DNA甲基化的关系作一综述。  相似文献   

8.
DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的重要研究内容之一.甲基化分析的方法多且研究难度大,各种方法都有其一定的优势和不足.本文综述了基因组DNA甲基化和特定DNA片段甲基化状态分析方法新进展,为研究者提供参考.  相似文献   

9.
赵帆  杨泽 《遗传》2014,36(5):420-430
目前认为恶性肿瘤的形成是遗传和表观遗传机制共同作用的结果。表观遗传机制包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA。DNA异常甲基化(高甲基化和低甲基化)是前列腺癌最具特征的表观遗传改变, 它能够导致基因组不稳定, 调控基因的异常表达, 在前列腺癌的形成和发展中起到重要作用。同时, DNA甲基化作为前列腺癌表观遗传研究的一个热点, 为临床前列腺癌的早期诊断、预后评估及药物治疗提供新的方法和途径。文章根据前列腺癌的DNA高甲基化和低甲基化的最新研究成果阐述了前列腺癌形成的表观遗传学机制, 并且讨论了它们在前列腺癌临床转化方面的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

10.
哺乳动物DNA甲基化的功能与作用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
甲基化修饰是哺乳动物DNA最常见的复制后调节方式之一,它通过调控基因的表达,在哺乳动物的生长发育过程中发挥重要作用,甲基化异常可导致生长发育异常或肿瘤。  相似文献   

11.
应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism, MSAP) 技术分析了大花蕙兰( Cymbidium hybridium) 授粉前后子房DNA 甲基化状态的变化(甲基化水平和甲基化差异模式) 。采用72 对引物进行选择性扩增, 共得到5892 条带, 其中748 条带为甲基化多态性带。结果显示DNA 甲基化在大花蕙兰子房发育过程中发生频繁, 从授粉前后子房的总扩增位点甲基化水平(14%和11. 4%) 和全甲基化率(9.5%和7.8% ) 来看, 授粉后都略低于未授粉子房, 表明子房在授粉后的发育过程中在某些位点发生了去甲基化。除甲基化水平有变化外, 大花蕙兰子房授粉前后的DNA 甲基化模式也存在较大差异, 共检测到14 种带型, 分为两大类( Ⅰ 和Ⅱ 型)。其中, 授粉前后DNA 甲基化状态保持不变的位点少, 只占25.6% , 归为Ⅰ型; 大部分检测位点( 占74.4% , 归为Ⅱ型) 的DNA 甲基化模式在授粉前后存在显著差异。上述结果表明, 大花蕙兰子房发育过程中以DNA 甲基化为代表的表观遗传调控起重要作用。本研究的开展将促进对与大花蕙兰子房发育相关的甲基化差异片段及受DNA 甲基化调控的关键基因的克隆, 进而为从表观遗传学这一新角度揭示大花蕙兰子房发育的分子机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

12.
13.
The review considers the methods most commonly used to detect DNA methylation, their advantages, potential limitations, and selection for various purposes. A detailed protocol is described for bisulfite treatment, which is used as a preliminary step in the majority of DNA methylation assays.  相似文献   

14.
植物DNA甲基化及其表观遗传作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
表观遗传学(epigenetics)是研究没有DNA序列变化的、可遗传的基因表达的改变。目前研究表明,表观遗传学在植物生长发育过程中起着极其重要的作用,主要通过包括DNA甲基化、RNA干涉、基因组印记、转基因沉默等多个方面来调控植物的生长发育。其中,DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的最重要研究内容之一,是调节基因组功能的重要手段。现对植物DNA甲基化的特征、维持机制、调控机制、表观遗传作用及其研究方法进行简要论述。  相似文献   

15.
DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要形式之一,是植物中较早发现的DNA共价修饰方式。在植物的正常生长发育中,DNA甲基化与植物基因组维持、体细胞无性系变异、外来基因防御、内源基因的表达、转基因沉默以及基因印迹之间有着极大的关系,因此,植物DNA甲基化的研究对植物基因工程的发展有着举足轻重的作用。本文介绍了参与DNA甲基化的各种酶和蛋白质,阐述了DNA甲基化相关机制的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

16.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Small RNAs represented by microRNA (miRNA) plays important roles in plant development and responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previous studies have placed special emphasis on gene-repression mediated by miRNA. In this work, the DNA methylation pattern of microRNA genes (MIRs) was interrogated. Full-length cDNA and EST were used to confirm the entity of pri-miRNA. In parallel, miRNA in 24 nucleotides (nt) was pooled to detect chromatin modification effect by using bisulfite sequencing data. 97 MIRs were supported by full-length cDNA and 30 more were hit by EST. Notably, methylation levels of conserved MIRs were significantly lower than the non-conserved at all contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH). Additionally, a substantial part of 24-nt miRNA was able to induce target site methylation, providing a broader perspective for researchers.  相似文献   

17.
    
In mammalian genomes, the methylation of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides is crucial to normal development and cell differentiation. However, methylation of cytosines in the contexts of CpA, CpT, and CpC (non-CpG methylation) has been reported for decades, yet remains poorly understood. In recent years, whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) has confirmed significant levels of non-CpG methylation in specific tissues and cell types. Non-CpG methylation has several properties that distinguish it from CpG methylation. Here we review the literature describing non-CpG methylation in mammalian cells, describe the important characteristics that distinguish it from CpG methylation, and discuss its functional importance.  相似文献   

18.
Non-CpG methylation occurring in the context of CNG sequences is found in plants at a large number of genomic loci. However, there is still little information available about non-CpG methylation in mammals. Efficient methods that would allow detection of scarcely localized methylated sites in small quantities of DNA are required to elucidate the biological role of non-CpG methylation in both plants and animals. In this study, we tested a new whole genome approach to identify sites of CCWGG methylation (W is A or T), a particular case of CNG methylation, in genomic DNA. This technique is based on digestion of DNAs with methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases EcoRII-C and AjnI. Short DNAs flanking methylated CCWGG sites (tags) are selectively purified and assembled in tandem arrays of up to nine tags. This allows high-throughput sequencing of tags, identification of flanking regions, and their exact positions in the genome. In this study, we tested specificity and efficiency of the approach.  相似文献   

19.
《Epigenetics》2013,8(6):823-828
In mammalian genomes, the methylation of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides is crucial to normal development and cell differentiation. However, methylation of cytosines in the contexts of CpA, CpT, and CpC (non-CpG methylation) has been reported for decades, yet remains poorly understood. In recent years, whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) has confirmed significant levels of non-CpG methylation in specific tissues and cell types. Non-CpG methylation has several properties that distinguish it from CpG methylation. Here we review the literature describing non-CpG methylation in mammalian cells, describe the important characteristics that distinguish it from CpG methylation, and discuss its functional importance.  相似文献   

20.

Background

Whole genome sequencing of bisulfite converted DNA (‘methylC-seq’) method provides comprehensive information of DNA methylation. An important application of these whole genome methylation maps is classifying each position as a methylated versus non-methylated nucleotide. A widely used current method for this purpose, the so-called binomial method, is intuitive and straightforward, but lacks power when the sequence coverage and the genome-wide methylation level are low. These problems present a particular challenge when analyzing sparsely methylated genomes, such as those of many invertebrates and plants.

Results

We demonstrate that the number of sequence reads per position from methylC-seq data displays a large variance and can be modeled as a shifted negative binomial distribution. We also show that DNA methylation levels of adjacent CpG sites are correlated, and this similarity in local DNA methylation levels extends several kilobases. Taking these observations into account, we propose a new method based on Bayesian classification to infer DNA methylation status while considering the neighborhood DNA methylation levels of a specific site. We show that our approach has higher sensitivity and better classification performance than the binomial method via multiple analyses, including computational simulations, Area Under Curve (AUC) analyses, and improved consistencies across biological replicates. This method is especially advantageous in the analyses of sparsely methylated genomes with low coverage.

Conclusions

Our method improves the existing binomial method for binary methylation calls by utilizing a posterior odds framework and incorporating local methylation information. This method should be widely applicable to the analyses of methylC-seq data from diverse sparsely methylated genomes. Bis-Class and example data are provided at a dedicated website (http://bibs.snu.ac.kr/software/Bisclass).

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-608) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

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