水稻的光合作用、生长、碳同位素分辨作用及抗渗透胁迫性对CO2浓度增高响应

四个水稻（Oryza sativaL.)品种“IR72”、“特三矮2号”、“桂朝2号”和“Ⅱ优4480”在田间栽于含35μmol/mol和60μmol/molCO2的塑料大棚中,自然光照,高浓度CO2下供试水稻品种的光合速率变化表现为提高型（“IR72”、“特三矮2号”）、稳定型（“桂朝2号”的Pn几无变化）和下调型（“Ⅱ优4480”）。生长速率,穗重,由△^13C计算而得的长期水分利用效率和清除DPPH自由基的能力皆增加,除“Ⅱ优4480”外,其他3个品种明显增高总生物量,供试品种的穗重/总生物量比不同程度地受到高浓度CO2的改变,叶片段经PEG渗透胁迫后,不同的生长于高浓度CO2的电解质渗漏率较小,结果表明高浓度CO2可改变水稻的海外侨胞事作用和水分关系特性,品种间不同的响应显示了选育适于未来高浓度CO2下具有高产和抗逆性品种的可能性。     

水稻的光合作用、生长、碳同位素分辨作用及抗渗透胁迫性对CO2浓度增高的响应

四个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种"IR72"、"特三矮2号"、"桂朝2号"和"Ⅱ优4480"在田间栽于含35 μmol/mol 和60 μmol/mol CO2的塑料大棚中,自然光照.高浓度CO2下供试水稻品种的光合速率变化表现为提高型("IR72"、"特三矮2号")、稳定型("桂朝2号"的Pn几无变化)和下调型("Ⅱ优4480").生长速率、穗重、由Δ13C计算而得的长期水分利用效率和清除DPPH@自由基的能力皆增加.除"Ⅱ优4480"外,其他3个品种明显增高总生物量.供试品种的穗重/总生物量比不同程度地受到高浓度CO2的改变.叶片段经PEG渗透胁迫后,不同的生长于高浓度CO2者的电解质渗漏率较小.结果表明高浓度CO2可改变水稻的光合作用和水分关系特性,品种间不同的响应显示了选育适于未来高浓度CO2下具有高产和抗逆性品种的可能性.     

水稻光合作用对加富CO_2的响应

整个生育期经高Co（600μl／L）处理的5种水稻的PSⅡ原初光化学效率（Fv／Fm）与空气CO2（350μl／L）中生长的对照无明显的差异。高CO2下绿黄占3号,特三矮2号和普通野生稻叶片的平均光合放氧速率分别比各自的对照有所提高,而Ⅱ优4480和药用野生稻的光合速率低于对照。高CO2下生长的水稻叶片叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量降低,生长后期的降解加快,并抑制了水稻的暗呼吸。绿黄占3号、特三矮2号和普遍野生稻的干物重在高CO2下较对照均有所增加,而Ⅱ优4480和药用野生稻的则下降。表明水稻不同种之间和种内的光合作用和生物量对高CO2的响应有一定的差异。     

水稻核仁染色体的研究简报

我们对11个水稻品种染色体进行了观察,现将结果报道如下: 材料:1、籼稻:广陆矮四号、竹莲矮、“909”、IR8、IR36、桂朝2号、辐桂1号、CP2140(本所中稻品系)、525—1(IR661选系);2、粳稻:鄂晚5号;3、糯稻:181(本所花培选育而成)。方法:花药:取大部分颖花的花粉母细胞处于减数分裂阶段的幼穗,整穗固定于甲醇:     

CO2浓度升高对不同品种水稻镉吸收和根形态的影响

为了探讨CO2浓度升高下不同水稻品种荣优398 (RY)和粤杂889(YZ)吸收重金属Cd差异性的原因,利用水培试验研究了不同浓度Cd处理下两种水稻吸收Cd的差异及根形态的变化特征.结果表明:低Cd处理(5、10、20 μmol·L-1)显著增加水稻生物量;当Cd浓度高于50 μmol·L-1时,Cd胁迫效果开始显现,水稻生物量减少.CO2浓度升高显著增加了水稻的生物量,增加了YZ茎Cd含量而降低了RY茎Cd含量.在5～200 μmol·L-1的Cd浓度下,CO2浓度升高增加了YZ活性根在总根长中的比例,降低了RY活性根的比例.CO2浓度升高下不同水稻品种根形态的变化是导致其对Cd吸收差异性的原因之一.     

高温对生长在加富CO2条件下水稻离体叶片叶绿素荧光的影响

４个水稻品种ＩＲ７２、植朝２号、特三矮２号和Ⅱ优４４８０栽种于两种ＣＯ２浓度（３５０μＩＬ＾－１、６００μＩＬ＾－１）下,将其离体叶片不同温度（３０、３５、４０、４５、５０℃）处理３０ｍｉｎ后,其细胞膜渗漏率随处理温度的升高而上升,ＩＲ７２和桂朝２号在４０～４５℃之间有一个急剧上升的折点,而特三魏２号和Ⅱ优４４８０的折点则在４０～５０℃之间,Ｅｖ／Ｆｍ,Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ．ΦＰＳⅡ和ａＰ随处理温度的升高而     

高浓度CO2下苦草的生长和生理生化反应

对沉水植物苦草 (VallisneriaspiraslisL .)在高浓度CO2 (10 0 0 μmol/mol)和对照浓度CO2 (35 0 μmol/mol)下的生长特征和生理生化指标进行了比较研究。在实验的早期阶段 ,从冬芽出苗的苦草幼株在高浓度CO2 下生长明显加快 ,但由于后期生长逐渐放慢 ,其最终总生物量比对照组仅高出 11.6 %。尽管高浓度CO2 也促进了根的生物量的累积 ,但是由于苦草叶片生物量占总株生物量比例大 ,高浓度CO2 下苦草生物量的增加主要反映为叶片生物量的增加。在实验后期阶段 ,高浓度CO2 促进了苦草冬芽的形成。实验过程中 ,苦草的根叶生物量比 (RLR)在高浓度和对照浓度CO2 下均有所降低 ,二者之间无明显统计学差异。高浓度CO2 下苦草叶片中叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白质含量降低 ,而可溶性总糖含量明显增加。     

高产水稻移栽后叶、鞘生长动态的差异

1998年早季于广州,用两系法水稻高产新组合培矮64s/E32、培矮64s/9311、粤杂 122和常规高产品种粤香占、特三矮2号,研究了它们移栽后叶、鞘生长动态的差异。结果见到:（1）主茎上的出叶速度与其生育期长短相对应;（2）鞘长/叶长比例小对孕育大穗、提高结实率有利,“叶长鞘短”应属水稻高产育种中所寻求的一个重要指标。     

高产水稻光合速率的变化

1998年早季于广州,测定了水稻两系高产杂交组合培矮64s/E32、地矮64s/93、粤杂122,高产品种粤香占和特三矮2号在四个主要生育期顶叶光合速率及叶绿素含量。（1）在人工气候箱的弱光下测得的分蘖期盆栽植株的非饱和光合速率在5个品种/组合间差异不大。（2）4个品种/组合的大田植株在四个生育期中以分蘖盛期到幼穗分化初期的光合速率最大,其值已达到或接近水稻品种最大光合速率30μmol　m-2s-1的上限;品种/组合间差异不大。抽穗期和黄熟期光合速率较前期下降很大,但两期间变化不大。收割期光合速率进一步大幅下降。（3）4个品种/组合抽穗期叶绿素含量较前期下降或不变,黄熟期叶绿素含量又升高,收割期则大幅下降。（4）讨论了叶片光合速率在抽穗后下降的原因,并据此提出了光合保持能力的概念。认为在形态性状改良的基础上,提高群体整体光合能力,是提高水稻光合生产力和实现超高产育种目标的有效途径。     

水稻叶片光合作用对开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)的响应与适应

利用便携式光合气体分析系统 (LI 6 4 0 0 ) ,比较测定了高CO2 浓度 (FACE ,free airCO2 enrich ment)和普通空气CO2 浓度下生长的水稻叶片的净光合速率、水分利用率、表观量子效率和RuBP羧化效率等光合参数 .在各自生长CO2 浓度 (380vs 5 80 μmol·mol-1)下测定时 ,高CO2 浓度 (5 80 μmol·mol-1)下生长的水稻叶片的净光合速率、碳同化的表观量子效率和水分利用率明显高于普通空气 (380 μmol·mol-1)下生长的水稻叶片 .但是 ,随着FACE处理时间的延长 ,高CO2 浓度对净光合速率的促进作用逐渐减小 .在相同CO2 浓度下测定时 ,FACE条件下生长的水稻叶片净光合速率和羧化效率明显比普通空气下生长的对照低 .尽管高CO2 浓度下生长的水稻叶片的气孔导度明显低于普通空气中生长的水稻叶片 ,但两者胞间CO2 浓度差异不显著 ,因此高CO2 浓度下生长的水稻叶片光合下调似乎不是由气孔导度降低造成的 .     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of theCaryophyllales includingBarbeuia,Corrigiola, Lyallia,Microtea, Sarcobatus,andTelephium

The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Translocation of radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into organs of tomato plant via roots

The translocation of the radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into red and green fruits, flesh, seeds, rind, calyxes, flower, leaves, and stems via the root of the tomato plant at two different growth stages was studied by a multitracer technique. The contents (%/g) of Co, Zn, Se, and Y in the roots were the highest among the organs, but only small amounts of them were translocated into the aerial parts after 5 d cultivation with a multitracer. In contrast, Rb, Tc, and Re showed rapid translocation into the stems and leaves from the root. In the plants cultivated for 95 d with a multitracer, Zn, Se, and Rb distributed in all of the organs, Co in the organs except for flowers, and Y, Tc, and Re in the limited organs. The translocation ratio of the elements for the edible part of the plants cultivated for 95 d decreased in the order of Rb>Zn>Co≈Se>Tc≈Y>Re. The transfer factor of the elements for tomato fruit was determined to be in the range of 10⁻⁵–10⁻². The characteristic translocation behavior of the elements gives us fundamental information on the assessment of pollutant uptake by the tomato plant.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.