何首乌中新的二苯乙烯甙

用反相层析法从何首乌(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)根茎的水提物中分得2个新的二苯乙烯甙(1、 2)及9个已知化合物:没食子酸(3)、 2,6-二羟基-苯甲酸(4)、吲哚-3-(L-α-氨基-α-羟基-丙酸)甲酯(5)、 1, 2-二羟基丙烷-1-(4-羟基-苯基) (6)、大黄素(7)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(8)、(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙(9)、 2, 3, 4′, 5-四羟基反式二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(10)和 2, 3, 4′, 5-四羟基反式二苯乙烯-2, 3-二-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(11).新化合物结构通过理化性质与波谱分析特别是 2D NMR得以确定.化合物2表现出很强的DNA裂解活性,化合物1、2与10具有很强的抗脂质过氧化活性.     

药囊花茎叶的化学成分研究

药囊花（Cyphotheca montana Diels）茎叶的乙醇提取物具有抗菌活性,进一步的活性追踪表明活性成分在乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物中,我们从这两种萃取物中共分离鉴定出9个化合物,其结构通过波谱分析等分别鉴定为：槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙（1）,杨梅素-3-O-α-L鼠李糖甙（2）,山萘酚-3-（2″,6″-二-O-（E）-p-羟基苯丙烯酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（3）,3,3′-O-二甲基逆没食子酸-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（4）,槲皮素（5）,2α,3β,19α,23-四羧基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸-28-0-β-D吡喃葡萄糖甙（6）,乌苏酸（7）,β-谷甾醇（8）和胡萝卜甙（9）,这些化合物均为首次从我国该特有单种属植物中分离得到。     

四方蒿的化学成分

从唇形科植物四方蒿（Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.)Benth.)中分离得到9个化合物,用光谱分析、化学方法及与已知化合物对照,分别鉴定为：5,6－二氢－6－苯乙类吡喃－2酮（1）、木栓桐（2）、4－羟基－3－甲氧基苯乙烯（3）、5,2′－二甲氧基－6,7－二氧亚甲基双氢黄酮（4）、5－羟基07－甲氧基－6－O[α－L－鼠李糖（1→2）－β－D－岩藻糖]黄桐甙（5）,5,5′－二羟基－7－乙酰氧基6,8,3″,3″－四甲基吡喃（3′,4′）黄酮（6）、5,5′－二羟基－5－（α－甲基）丁酰氧基－6,8,3″,3″－四甲基吡喃（3′,4′）黄酮（7）、5,5′－二羟基－6,7－二氧亚甲基－8,3″,3″－三甲基吡喃（3′,4′）黄酮（8）和丁香酸葡萄糖甙（9）。其中,6、7、8为新化合物,分别命名为四方蒿素Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ。     

北五味子的水溶性化学成分

从北五味子（Schisandra chinensis）果实的水溶性部位得到8个已知化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为：原儿茶酸（protocatechuic acid 1）,奎尼酸（quinic acid）,柠檬酸单甲酯（2－methyl citrate,3),5－羟甲基－2－糠醛（5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde 4),4-(3′－甲氮基－4′－羟基－苯基）－2－丁酮－4′-O-β-D0吡喃葡萄糖甙(zingerone glucoside 5),2－异丙基－5－甲基－1,4－苯二酚1－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（thymoquinol 2-glu-coside 6),2－甲基－5－异丙基－1,4－苯二酚1－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（thymoquinol 5-glu-coside 7)和胡萝卜甙（daucosterol 8）。     

美飞蛾藤（Porana spectabilis Kurz）植物中的化学成分

首次从旋花科飞蛾藤属植物美飞蛾藤（Porana spectabilis Kurz)醇提物中分离鉴定了8个已知化合物,通过波谱方法确定了它们的结构分别为东莨菪素（7－hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin or soopoletin)(1),东莨菪甙（scoplin)(2);咖啡酸乙酯（ethyl caffeate)(3)和3,5－二羟基肉桂酸（3－（3,5－dihydroxyphenyl)-2E-propenoic acid)(4);α－（D）－甲基呋喃果糖甙（Methylα-Dfrucofuranoside)(5)β－（D）－甲基吡喃果糖甙（Methyl β－D-frucopyranoside)(6);2,5-二羟基基苯甲酸（2,5－dihydroxybenzoic acid)(7);丁香脂素－4－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖甙（＋）syringaresinol-4-O-β-(D)-glucopyranoside)(8)。     

小叶臭黄皮的黄酮苷甙成分

从云南西双版纳的小叶臭黄皮（Clausena excavata Burm.f.）中分离到一个新黄酮甙,5,7,5′－三羟基－3′,4′－二甲氧基黄酮3－0－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖甙（1）和4个已知黄酮甙,分别为5,7,3′,5′－四羟基－4′－甲氧基黄酮3－O－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖甙（2）,5,7,3′－三羟基－4′－甲氧基黄酮3－O－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖甙（3）,5,7,4′－三羟基－3′,5′－二甲氧基黄酮3－O－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖甙（4）,5,7,4′－三羟基黄桐3－O－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖甙（5）。根据HMQC、HMBC实验修正了化合物2－5C6和C8的位碳化学位移的归属。     

桂火绳中化学成分的研究

从梧桐科火绳属桂火绳中提取分离到22个化合物,经结构鉴定为:羽扇豆醇(1),白桦脂酸(2),齐墩果酸(3),丁香脂素(4),(+)-异落叶松树脂醇(5),东莨菪内酯(6),对羟基肉桂酸(7),二十七碳酸单甘油酯(8),2-十八烯酸单甘油酯(9),sitoindosideⅡ(10),儿茶素(11),表儿茶素(12),表儿茶素3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖甙(13),山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(14),5,7,4'-三羟基异黄酮(15),4'-O-methylgallocatechin(16),反式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-阿拉伯糖甙(17),顺式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-阿拉伯糖甙(18),反式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖甙(19),3,5,7,3',5'-五羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄酮(20),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(21),以及槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(22),这些化学成分首次从该属植物中分离出来。     

长缘厚朴中的新配糖体

从长缘厚朴（Magnolia rostrata W.W.Smith)干燥树皮的乙醇提取物中分离得到一个新的配糖体,1,1'－联苯－6',8',9'-三羟基－3－丙基－4－O－β－D吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）,以及6个已知的苯丙素类配糖体,3,4－二羟基－烯丙基－3－O－α－L－吡喃鼠李糖（1→6）β－D－吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）,3,4－二羟基－烯丙基苯－3－O－α－L－吡鼠李糖（1→2）β－D－吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）,sinapaldehyde(E)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucopynanoside(5),A阿克苷（E）（6）,IcarisideE5(7),经光谱和化学方法鉴定其结构。     

青檀树皮中的化学成分

从我国特有的单种属药用植物青檀（Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim.）的树皮中分离鉴定出10个化合物,其结构分别为：N－p－香豆酰酪胺（paprazine,1）、丁香脂酚－4－O－β－D－葡萄糖甙（2）、丁香脂酚－4,4′－二－O－β－D－葡萄糖甙（liriodendrin,3）、甲基丁二酸（4）,香草酸（5）、甲基肌醇（6）、β－谷甾醇（7）、胡萝卜甙（8）、α－香树素（9）和β－香树素混合物（10）。这些化合物均为首次从青檀树皮中分离得到,其中化合物3为主要成分。     

牛心朴子须根的化学成分研究

从采自宁夏的萝摩科鹅绒藤属植物牛心朴子 (CynanchumkomaroviiAl.Iljinski.)须根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了十个非C2 1 甾体类化合物 :β D 呋喃果糖基 (2→ 1) α D [6 O 芥子酰基 ] 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (1) ,β D (3 O 芥子酰基 ) 呋喃果糖基 (2→ 1) α D [6 O 芥子酰基 ] 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (2 ) ,[6 O β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 (1→ 6 ) β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 1,2 双氧 (4 羟基 3,5 二甲氧基肉桂酰 ) (3) ,7 脱甲氧基娃儿藤碱 (4) ,9 羟基 芳樟醇 3 O β D 吡喃木糖基 (1→ 6 ) β D 吡喃葡萄糖甙 (5 ) ,(2E ,6R) 2 ,6 二甲基 2 ,7 辛二烯 1,6 二醇 (6 ) ,[(+) 丁香素 ](7) ,4′ O demethylepiyangambin(8) ,4′ 羟基 2′ 甲氧基苯乙酮 (9) ,(2S ,3S ,4R ,12E) N [2′ (R) 羟基二十二碳烷基 ] 1,3,4 三羟基 2 酰胺 二十碳烷基 12 烯 (10 )。除化合物 4和 9外 ,其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.