中国粉虱科二新纪录种记述（半翅目：粉虱科）

记述粉虱科2中国新纪录种:木姜子棒粉虱Aleuroclava ayyari(Sundararaj&David)和扁担杆褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus grewiae Takahashi。用环境扫描电镜对其伪蛹进行拍照,并依据玻片标本进行描述和绘图。木姜子棒粉虱主要鉴别特征是在头部和第1腹节分别着生1对长的亚背区刚毛。扁担杆褶粉虱主要鉴定特征是蛹壳硬化,头尾两端较尖,腹部中央基部较圆。标本存放在扬州大学昆虫标本室。     

黑刺粉虱的发生、为害及其生物防治国内研究概况

黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus为茶园和柑桔园为害严重的粉虱种类之一.本文概述了黑剌粉虱在国内分布、寄主种类、发生与为害等,探讨了近年来生物防治在控制黑刺粉虱为害中的作用,包括寄生性天敌、捕食天敌及昆虫病原性真菌等的利用,以期为黑刺粉虱的综合治理提供参考.     

湖南黑刺粉虱不同寄主植物种群和不同地理种群的COI基因分化

根据线粒体COI基因片段分析,柑橘黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance)种群和茶园黑刺粉虱种群之间的遗传距离(0.185-0.247)明显高于柑橘黑刺粉虱不同地理种群之间的遗传距离(0.002-0.076),也明显高于茶园黑刺粉虱不同地理种群之间的遗传距离(0-0.053)。由此推断柑橘黑刺粉虱和茶园黑刺粉虱属于黑刺粉虱的不同生物型,或不同种的Aleurocanthus属粉虱。地理距离和柑橘黑刺粉虱遗传距离具有较大的相关性,同类寄主专化型黑刺粉虱,岳阳洞庭湖区地理种群与其他地区地理种群遗传距离最远。长沙不同柑橘品种上的黑刺粉虱种群之间遗传距离小于0.01。     

赣南脐橙粉虱类害虫种类及种群动态研究

通过在赣州开展为期2年的系统调查,明确了为害赣南脐橙的粉虱种类和发生动态。经鉴定,为害赣南脐橙的粉虱为柑橘粉虱Dialeurodes citri Ashmead和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance。2013年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱卵、若虫、伪蛹、成虫数量平均密度分别为(7.61,6.67,5.45,47.43)头/叶(板),(3.84,2.84,1.82,31.80)头/叶(板);2014年柑橘粉虱,黑刺粉虱分别为(8.29,6.92,5.18,27.16)头/叶(板),(7.89,6.18,4.35,24.06)头/叶(板)。2013-2014年,两种粉虱发生数量较大,全年有多个发生高峰。柑橘粉虱和黑刺粉虱是赣南脐橙上的重要害虫,需加强防治工作,控制为害。     

中国粉虱科新种和新纪录(同翅目)

Takahashi(1931-1955)、杨平澜(1942,1944)曾进行中国粉虱科的分类研究,描记了大量新种;胡经甫(1935)、周尧(1949)先后发表过中国粉虱科名录,汤德(1960)则在周尧名录的基础上,进一步整理出我国粉虱名录,并记述了Aleurolobus属两新种A.peikingi,A.shantungi。迄今为止,我国粉虱科已知159种,分属于30属,2亚科。 本文报导中国粉虱科9种,其中3新种,1中国新记录属,6中国新纪录种。新种模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。文中长度单位为微米(μm)。     

茶黑刺粉虱与樟刺粉虱(半翅目:粉虱科)形态特征的比较观察

通过比较研究茶黑刺粉虱 Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya & Kasai和樟刺粉虱 Aleurocanthus cinnamomi Takahashi形态特征,有助于更好地区分这两种刺粉虱种类。采集这两种粉虱标本,通过体视显微镜和扫描电镜对茶黑刺粉虱和樟刺粉虱不同龄期形态结构进行了系统观察和比较研究;同时将伪蛹制作玻片标本观察。茶黑刺粉虱和樟刺粉虱卵、1 龄若虫和2 龄若虫形态结构比较相似,但是伪蛹形态不同,刺的数量及分布有较大的区别。茶黑刺粉虱中央区隆起,尤其是管状孔区域更明显,位于一个凸起的瘤突上;亚缘区上有10 ~ 11 对刺排列,樟刺粉虱亚缘区具有刺14 对,其中头胸部5 对,腹部9 对。茶黑刺粉虱管状孔隆起,亚心形或近圆形,盖瓣心形,几乎充塞了整个管状孔区域;樟刺粉虱管状孔半圆形,盖瓣半圆形,充塞管状孔一半区域。两种刺粉虱成虫整体上比较相似,复眼、胸部和腹部及前翅基部为橙黄色;前后翅及身体上的白色粉状物都是由后足将腹部蜡盘分泌物覆盖上的,茶黑刺粉虱的粉状物比樟刺粉虱要多。前后翅上有不同形状的白色斑纹,左右翅斑相连,但是樟刺粉虱前翅后缘全白,而茶黑色粉虱前翅后缘仅有部分白斑。本研究结果有助于更好地区分樟刺粉虱和茶黑刺粉虱,为农林生产过程中准确鉴定和防治提供一定的参考资料。     

陕西秦岭太白山北坡食蚜蝇科昆虫区系调查

鉴定出秦岭太白山北坡食蚜蝇科昆虫2亚科,10族,35属,61种,包括中国新记录种3种:亮黄斑食蚜蝇Xanthogramma laetum(Fabricius)、无饰缩颜蚜蝇Pipiza inornataMatsumura和阿尔泰颜突蚜蝇Portevinia altaica(Stackelberg),陕西省新记录种16种。太白山北坡食蚜蝇科昆虫的区系成分以古北、东洋区共有种为主体,古北区成分略占优,东洋区成分占有一定比例;从属的分布类型看,多区属比例高达57.14%,单区属均为古北区成分,所占比例最低。太白山北坡食蚜蝇科昆虫区系具有明显的过渡性,混杂性和复杂性。     

基于在线数据库的鳞翅目刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性及其全球分布格局

鳞翅目刺蛾科昆虫在全球范围内广泛分布, 是重要经济林、行道林的主要害虫。本研究通过对在线数据库中刺蛾科昆虫分布数据进行整理分析, 阐明其在全球范围内的物种多样性及分布格局, 并初步探讨造成其物种分布不均的原因, 从而为物种多样性保护及害虫防治提供科学依据。通过检索生物条形码数据库(Barcode of Life Data System V4, BOLD V4)和全球生物多样性信息数据库(Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF)中记录的标本信息, 并结合部分地区鳞翅目昆虫名录及野外采集样本数据, 对刺蛾科昆虫的分布信息进行汇总分析并绘制分布图。统计得到具有明确地理坐标的刺蛾科昆虫分布信息61,947条, 共187属637种。结果表明, 在世界动物地理区系尺度上, 东洋区刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性最高, 共72属, 古北区31属, 澳新区及新热带区均为27属, 非洲热带区22属, 新北区19属。在国家尺度上, 中国存在刺蛾科昆虫123种, 越南116种, 其次为哥斯达黎加(75种)和澳大利亚(69种)。中低纬度地区具有较高的刺蛾科昆虫物种多样性和丰富度, 这有可能与该地区的气候历史条件及丰富的寄主植物资源有关。     

两种容易混淆的重要粉虱的鉴别及重新描记

【目的】梳扁粉虱,又名胶扁粉虱、黑胶粉虱,学名为Aleuroplatus pectiniferus QuaintanceBaker。但由于鉴定错误,一些报道误将山茶褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus camelliae(Kuwana)定为黑胶粉虱。本研究通过比较分析梳扁粉虱和山茶褶粉虱形态差异对这两种粉虱害虫进行了区分。【方法】通过采集梳扁粉虱A.pectiniferus和山茶褶粉虱A.camelliae制作玻片标本观察和扫描电镜观察。【结果】重新描述了其伪蛹形态特征,提供了其寄主植物和地理分布信息及伪蛹生态照和玻片、电镜照片,且对其形态进行了比较分析研究。两种粉虱在胸气管褶和尾气管褶末端都分泌有白色丝状蜡质分泌物,但是体型上山茶褶粉虱要稍大于梳扁粉虱;梳扁粉虱在胸气管孔和尾气管孔末端由3~4个特化齿形成梳状结构,且各腹节具有亚中区凹陷,而山茶褶粉虱没有。【结论】提出将Aleuroplatus pectiniferus QuaintanceBaker中文名统一为梳扁粉虱,而将Aleurotrachelus camelliae(Kuwana)中文名统一为山茶褶粉虱。     

螺旋粉虱在海南的分布与寄主植物种类调查

螺旋粉虱Aleurodicus disperses Russell是新入侵海南的外来有害生物,2006年4月在海南陵水已发现该虫传入。作者于2006年9月至2007年9月对螺旋粉虱在海南的分布与为害情况进行调查。调查结果,显示螺旋粉虱目前已分布至除昌江县和东方市以外的全岛其它15个市县,在吊罗山和尖峰岭保护区的林业局生活区也有分布;调查显示,螺旋粉虱寄主植物达47科120种,其中包括热带果树、蔬菜、热带作物、粮食作物、观赏与园艺作物,印度紫檀、榄仁树、番石榴、番木瓜、木薯、番荔枝、香蕉、茄子、四季豆等作物及美人蕉、飞扬草、野甘草等受害最为严重。对不同寄主植物的受害程度进行了初步划分,并对防控工作进行讨论。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.