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1.
中国森林生物多样性监测网络(CFor Bio)作为我国生物多样性科学综合研究平台,其发展过程和研究成果对促进我国生物多样性研究具有重要意义,掌握其研究态势与热点变化可为CFor Bio的长远发展以及其他生态监测研究提供参考。本文对2007–2017年间CNKI数据库和Web of Science核心合集数据库中CFor Bio发表的论文进行了较为全面的文献计量分析。结果表明:2007年以来, CForBio发表论文的数量整体上呈快速上升趋势,从2007年的3篇增长到2017年的55篇,其中SCI收录论文的增长较为明显(从2007年的1篇增长到2017年的34篇)。金光泽(70篇)、马克平(68篇)、郝占庆(68篇)等学者发表论文数量较多,中国科学院的植物研究所(104篇)、沈阳应用生态研究所(67篇)、华南植物园(59篇)等是CFor Bio中相对活跃的研究机构,但各样地负责机构和学者间的合作仍较少,跨机构间的协同研究还有待提高。CForBio的研究热点主要体现在树木空间分布格局、植物功能性状、树木密度制约、群落系统发育等方面,为揭示我国不同气候带森林群落构建机制提供了大量的理论依据。未来CFor Bio的研究应加强国内外机构间的合作创新并建立数据共享途径,注重近地面遥感、多源数据融合等新技术的应用,在生物多样性格局的多尺度与多维度解析、植物–土壤反馈机制、树木冠层和根系的结构与功能等方向持续开展深入研究。  相似文献   

2.
苋科植物的丛枝菌根   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
有些种子植物如莎草科、十字花科、灯心草科、藜科、石竹科等 2 0余科 ,以往曾被认为不能或不易形成丛枝菌根 (郭秀珍等 ,1989;刘润进等 ,2 0 0 0 )。随着对菌根的深入研究 ,曾被认为是不易与菌根菌组合的湿地生植物、寄生性植物、或一年生植物都被发现是可以形成内生菌根的 (Trappe等 ,1992 )。此外 ,Allen等 (1989)研究证实 ,Salsolakali,Atriplexroseum等生长于沙漠、海滨的藜科植物 ,进行接种处理后 ,也能形成丛枝菌根。我们在西双版纳调查热带雨林植物的丛枝菌根状况时 ,偶然发现刺苋 (Ama r…  相似文献   

3.
有些种子植物如莎草科、十字花科、灯心草科、藜科、石竹科等20余科,以往曾被认为不能或不易形成丛枝菌根(郭秀珍等,1989;刘润进等,2000).随着对菌根的深入研究,曾被认为是不易与菌根菌组合的湿地生植物、寄生性植物、或一年生植物都被发现是可以形成内生菌根的(Trappe等,1992).此外,Allen等(1989)研究证实,Salsola kali,Atriplex roseum等生长于沙漠、海滨的藜科植物,进行接种处理后,也能形成丛枝菌根.我们在西双版纳调查热带雨林植物的丛枝菌根状况时,偶然发现刺苋(Amaranthus spinosus Linn.)的根系受到了丛枝菌根真菌的侵染,因此,对苋科植物作了扩大采样调查.本文主要报道从热带采集的5属6种苋科植物的根受丛枝菌根真菌感染形成丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)和这些植物根际士壤中的丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)的状况.  相似文献   

4.
中国菌根研究60年:过去、现在和将来   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
菌根(真菌根系)存在于大约90%的植物中,在促进土壤结构、植物养分与生长、元素生物地球化学循环和陆地生态系统结构与功能等方面具有重要作用.过去60年尤其是近30年,中国菌根研究成果举世瞩目,如共鉴定出20种新种与120余种新记录种丛枝菌根真菌、30种新种与800余种新记录种外生菌根真菌以及10种新种与100余种新记录种兰花菌根真菌.同时,在菌根真菌菌种丰富度与遗传结构、菌种生态分布与植物种群,植物养分摄取与生长、植物修复与土地复垦、植物抗病性和与其他土壤微生物相互作用、菌根植物酶学性质及大气CO2和O3浓度升高对丛枝菌根多样性的影响等方面也取得重大进展.本文选介中国菌根主要研究成就,进行研究前景展望,以促进我国菌根研究的深入开展.  相似文献   

5.
2021年中国植物科学家在国际综合性学术期刊及植物科学主流期刊发表的论文数量相比2020年显著增加, 在雌雄细胞识别与受精、干细胞命运决定、菌根共生、光合膜蛋白复合体、氮磷养分利用、先天免疫、作物从头驯化与基因组设计等方面取得了重要研究进展,“异源四倍体野生稻快速从头驯化”入选2021年度“中国生命科学十大进展”。该文总结了2021年度我国植物科学研究取得的成绩, 简要介绍了30项重要进展, 以帮助读者了解我国植物科学的发展态势, 思考如何更好地将植物科学研究与国家重大需求有效衔接。  相似文献   

6.
《西北植物学报》2007年第1~12期共发表论文419篇(含英文20篇)。从刊载论文第一作者信息统计看,具有博士和硕士学位(含在读博士和在读硕士)的共371人,占88.5%;具有副高以上职称(含在读研究生导师———通讯作者)的共305人,占72.8%;从论文研究单位看,主要来源于大学和中国科学院  相似文献   

7.
《西北植物学报》2007年第1~12期共发表论文419篇(含英文20篇)。从刊载论文第一作者信息统计看,具有博士和硕士学位(含在读博士和在读硕士)的共371人,占88.5%;具有副高以上职称(含在读研究生导师———通讯作者)的共305人,占72.8%;从论文研究单位看,主要来源于大学和中国科学院  相似文献   

8.
《西北植物学报》2007年第1~12期共发表论文419篇(含英文20篇)。从刊载论文第一作者信息统计看,具有博士和硕士学位(含在读博士和在读硕士)的共371人,占88.5%;具有副高以上职称(含在读研究生导师———通讯作者)的共305人,占72.8%;从论文研究单位看,主要来源于大学和中国科学院  相似文献   

9.
《生物技术世界》2008,(5):95-95
干细胞研究作为生命科学最热门的研究领域之一.近年来在我国十分活跃。据统计,我国每年在SCI核心期刊发表的干细胞相关论文呈逐年增多趋势2006年和2007年发表的论文数均超过2000篇.与英国和法国的数量相近.有些研究领域领先国际。  相似文献   

10.
丛枝菌根对植物根际逆境的生态学意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李娇娇  曾明 《应用生态学报》2020,31(9):3216-3226
近年来,我国在菌根分子生物学、菌根营养学、菌根分类学和菌根生态学等方面取得了令人瞩目的研究成果,其中对丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的研究居多。AMF能与大部分陆地植物根系形成共生关系,促进植物生长发育,提高植物抗逆性,在保持生态平衡、保护生态环境等方面发挥重要作用。本文主要从非生物胁迫(干旱胁迫、重金属污染、盐碱胁迫)和生物胁迫(致病菌和线虫侵染)方面介绍了AMF在植物根际逆境中发挥的生态功能及作用机制,提出了该研究领域尚存的不足之处和研究前景,为AMF后续研究提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
菌根真菌在生态系统中的作用   总被引:41,自引:1,他引:40       下载免费PDF全文
 菌根是一种植物营养根与土壤真菌形成的共生体,在自然界中分布广泛。本文着重从以下几个方面介绍相关的研究进展:1) 菌根真菌作为生态系统的重要组成部分,具有不可忽视的生物量,并成为连接绿色植物和食真菌者食物链的重要一环;2) 菌根真菌通过参与凋落物的酶降解过程影响有机物的循环,通过促进生物固氮、加速土壤磷的风化、提高土壤溶液离子的有效性以及直接吸收等过程影响氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等元素的无机循环;3) 菌根真菌与土壤微生物间存在有益的或拮抗的相互作用,并可以直接或间接地影响根际生物区系的组成和数量;菌根真菌通过对宿主植物的有益作用而影响植物的种间竞争,通过菌根网络而形成的种团可以在同种或不同种植物间实现资源的重新分配和共享;由于对种间关系的作用和对食物链的影响,菌根真菌对群落的物种构成和多样性的维持具有重要的作用;菌根真菌是群落演替过程的指示者,也是这一过程的参与者和推动者,并且菌根真菌的存在也有利于提高土壤团聚体的稳定性及促进灰壤的形成;4) 菌根真菌的种类和数量可以指示生态系统中自然的或人类活动引起的变化,并可以在生态系统的保护、恢复或重建过程中发挥重要作用。文章的最后还介绍了最新的研究热点和发展趋势。  相似文献   

12.
菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性机制的研究回顾与展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
菌根真菌与全世界约97%的维管植物具有广泛的共生关系。大量研究结果显示菌根植物相比于非菌根植物对于干旱胁迫具有更高的耐受性,说明菌根真菌在植物抗旱过程中发挥着重要作用。本文对近年来国内外在菌根真菌协助植物抵御干旱作用机制方面的研究进行了归纳和总结,主要包括在干旱胁迫下菌根真菌对植物生理学特性的影响机制、菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性的分子机制以及菌根真菌对植物次生代谢途径的影响机制等3个方面。当前菌根真菌增强植物抗旱性的生理机制方面的研究较为深入,而其他两个方面的研究则相对薄弱。随着分子生物学技术的发展,菌根真菌增强植物抗旱性的分子机制和涉及的相关代谢通路将被进一步揭示。本文旨在呈现菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性机制的研究前沿,为菌根互作更深层次的理论研究以及功能菌剂的研发提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

13.
菌根真菌与植物共生营养交换机制研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
菌根是陆地生态系统普遍存在的、由土壤中的菌根真菌侵染宿主植物根系形成的联合共生体.菌根的建立是以共生体双方的营养交换为基础的:菌根真菌从土壤中吸收氮、磷等营养物质并转运给宿主植物,供其生长;作为交换,植物则以脂质或糖的形式向菌根真菌提供其生长所必需的碳水化合物.近年来,菌根真菌与宿主植物间的营养交换机制一直是研究的热点,国内外对菌根真菌介导的植物营养物质吸收和转运机制的研究也取得了巨大进展.本文综述了丛枝和外生两种菌根真菌与宿主植物间营养交换的最新研究进展,尤其是碳、氮、磷等几种重要营养物质的吸收与双向转运机制,以及营养交换在菌根形成中的潜在调控作用,并对目前存在的关键问题和未来研究方向进行了分析和展望,这对菌根模型的建立及菌根效益的优化具有重要意义.  相似文献   

14.
Mycorrhizas are mutually beneficial associations between soil-borne fungi and plant roots. Mycorrhizal fungi provide their host plant with essential nutrients in exchange for sugars and/or lipids. Traditionally, transport and translocation of macronutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, throughout the fungal mycelium and towards the host plant are well studied. However, the regulation of nutrient exchange and their contribution in the morphogenesis and development of mycorrhizas remains unclear. In this Opinion, we argue that adding micronutrients in the current models of symbiotic transport is essential to fully understand the establishment, maintenance, and functioning of mycorrhizal associations. Homeostatic mechanisms at the cellular level and the first transport proteins involved have been recently documented for zinc (Zn) in arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal plants benefit from an improved Zn status in control conditions and are better protected when environmental Zn availability fluctuates. These recent progresses are paving the way for a better understanding of micronutrient allocation in mycorrhizas. Revising our vision on the role of micronutrients, particularly of Zn, in these interactions will allow a better use of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agriculture and forestry, and will increase management practices in waste land, as well as in agricultural and natural ecosystems.  相似文献   

15.
Complex relationships occur among plants, mycorrhizal fungi, and herbivores. By altering plant nutrient status, mycorrhizas may alter herbivory or plant tolerance to herbivory via compensatory regrowth. We examined these interactions by assessing grasshopper preference and plant growth and fungal colonization responses to herbivory under mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal conditions within tallgrass prairie microcosms. Mycorrhizal symbiosis increased plant regrowth following defoliation, and some strongly mycotrophic plant species showed overcompensation in response to herbivory when they were mycorrhizal. Although grasshoppers spent more time on mycorrhizal plants, herbivory intensity did not differ between mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants. Aboveground herbivory by grasshoppers significantly increased mycorrhizal fungal colonization of plant roots. Thus mycorrhizas may greatly benefit plants subjected to herbivory by stimulating compensatory growth, and herbivores, in turn, may increase the development of the symbiosis. Our results also indicate strong interspecific differences among tallgrass prairie plant species in their responses to the interaction of aboveground herbivores and mycorrhizal symbionts.  相似文献   

16.
Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Most mycorrhizas are 'balanced' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are 'epidermal' or 'cortical'. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in 'morphotypes' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.  相似文献   

17.
Soil factors and host plant identity can both affect the growth and functioning of mycorrhizal fungi. Both components change during primary succession, but it is unknown if their relative importance to mycorrhizas also changes. This research tested how soil type and host plant differences among primary successional stages determine the growth and plant effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. Mycorrhizal fungal community, plant identity, and soil conditions were manipulated among three stages of a lacustrine sand dune successional series in a fully factorial greenhouse experiment. Late succession AM fungi produced more arbuscules and soil hyphae when grown in late succession soils, although the community was from the same narrow phylogenetic group as those in intermediate succession. AM fungal growth did not differ between host species, and plant growth was similarly unaffected by different AM fungal communities. These results indicate that though ecological filtering and/or adaptation of AM fungi occurs during this primary dune succession, it more strongly reflects matching between fungi and soils, rather than interactions between fungi and host plants. Thus, AM fungal performance during this succession may not depend directly on the sequence of plant community succession.  相似文献   

18.
全球变化下菌根真菌的作用及其作用机制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
梁倩倩  李敏  刘润进  郭绍霞 《生态学报》2014,34(21):6039-6048
全球气候、环境、经济与社会的发展变化,对环境与资源造成严重挑战和新的发展机遇。菌根真菌是陆地生态系统中的重要生物组份,占据不可替代的重要地位,充当调控生态系统稳定和保持可持续发展的多重角色。分析了全球变化对菌根真菌的影响,探讨了全球变化下菌根真菌的地位、角色和作用,以及菌根真菌应对全球变化的可能作用机制,旨在为加强全面应对全球变化提供新的思路和途径。  相似文献   

19.
The interactive effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) were studied on nematode-susceptible cultivars of tomato (cv. Scoresby) and white clover (cv. Huia) at four levels of applied phosphate. The relative merits of simultaneous inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and nematodes and of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi prior to nematode inoculation were evaluated. Mycorrhizal plants were more resistant than non-mycorrhizal plants to root-knot nematode at all phosphate levels and growth benefits were generally greater in plants preinfected with mycorrhizal fungi. Nematode numbers increased with increasing levels of applied phosphate. In mycorrhizal root systems, nematode numbers increased in the lower phosphate soils; at higher phosphate levels nematode numbers were either unaffected or reduced. The numbers of juveniles and adults per gram of root were always lower in mycorrhizal treatments. Mycorrhizal root length remained unaffected by nematode inoculation. Mycorrhizal inoculation thus increased the plants' resistance to infection by M. hapla. This was probably due to some alteration in the physiology of the root system but was not entirely a result of better host nutrition and improved phosphorus uptake by mycorrhizal plants.  相似文献   

20.
Differences in the direction and degree to which invasive alien and native plants are influenced by mycorrhizal associations could indicate a general mechanism of plant invasion, but whether or not such differences exist is unclear. Here, we tested whether mycorrhizal responsiveness varies by plant invasive status while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness among plants with two large grassland datasets. Mycorrhizal responsiveness was measured for 68 taxa from the Northern Plains, and data for 95 taxa from the Central Plains were included. Nineteen percent of taxa from the Northern Plains had greater total biomass with mycorrhizas while 61% of taxa from the Central Plains responded positively. For the Northern Plains taxa, measurable effects often depended on the response variable (i.e., total biomass, shoot biomass, and root mass ratio) suggesting varied resource allocation strategies when roots are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In both datasets, invasive status was nonrandomly distributed on the phylogeny. Invasive taxa were mainly from two clades, that is, Poaceae and Asteraceae families. In contrast, mycorrhizal responsiveness was randomly distributed over the phylogeny for taxa from the Northern Plains, but nonrandomly distributed for taxa from the Central Plains. After controlling for phylogenetic similarity, we found no evidence that invasive taxa responded differently to mycorrhizas than other taxa. Although it is possible that mycorrhizal responsiveness contributes to invasiveness in particular species, we find no evidence that invasiveness in general is associated with the degree of mycorrhizal responsiveness. However, mycorrhizal responsiveness among species grown under common conditions was highly variable, and more work is needed to determine the causes of this variation.  相似文献   

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