首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
口腔是人体最重要的微生物储藏库之一,这些微生物通常以生物被膜的形式稳定地黏附于口腔内粘膜及牙齿表面,在病理条件下则可以深入髓腔及牙槽骨内,成为龋病、根尖周炎、牙周病等常见口腔疾病的主要病因,甚至与许多全身性疾病密切相关.在人类口腔微生态系统中,微生物种类繁多,生物被膜的构成及相互作用关系复杂,目前对其认识还十分有限;此...  相似文献   

2.
自然界中微生物种类极为丰富,尺寸涵盖了纳米级与微米级.微生物细胞培养成本低廉,生长繁殖迅速,具有丰富的遗传表现型,因此微生物是可用于纳米、微米以及多层次跨尺度加工的天然“基本单元”和“底盘细胞”.“基于微生物”的生物制造目的是利用微生物的特异结构和多样功能进行仿生和调控,操纵微生物进行加工组装,从而获得新材料、新器件.同时,建立深入研究微生物行为模式的新技术与新方法,为揭示传统方法所未涉及的基本科学问题提供新的平台.以下将分别从纳米和微米两个尺度以及利用微生物的结构或功能两个角度来概述基于微生物的微纳米生物制造的前沿进展.  相似文献   

3.
基于微流控技术的微生物细胞梯度稀释分离方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着微流控分析技术的快速发展,集成化的微流控芯片在满足实验高通量的同时,还在微生物细胞分离领域呈现出独特的优势。本研究基于微流控技术,制备了以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、玻片为材料的细菌细胞梯度稀释分离芯片。该芯片的核心是通过一系列复杂的梯度网络来实现对细菌悬液的连续稀释,最终被分离的细菌细胞进入通道末端的存储孔内。结果显示,该方法能分离出的最少细菌细胞数低于10个。此芯片平台操作简单、耗时短、成本低,为微生物单细胞研究提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

4.
生物制造以低碳循环、绿色清洁的优势在社会可持续经济发展模式中占有举足轻重的作用,其发展是未来大趋势.技术进步使得生物制造在微生物细胞代谢调控规律、生物加工过程的在线数据等方面形成了海量数据,但传统数据分析相关理论的不完善极大地限制了这些海量数据的挖掘,利用人工智能在数据处理方面的优势,通过机器学习对数据中蕴含的知识进行...  相似文献   

5.
基于合成生物学的微生物制造在天然产物药物、生物能源、生物基化学品及生物传感器件的研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文系统地介绍了合成生物学研究领域的最新技术进展,包括DNA和染色体合成、新生物元件开发与元件库标准化、染色体工程与最小基因组技术、途径装配技术等,并阐述了合成生物学在微生物制造领域内所取得的突破和巨大的应用价值。  相似文献   

6.
液滴微流控由于可以快速生成大量微液滴,并实现单个液滴独立的控制,每个液滴都可以作为独立的单元进行微生物培养,因此在微生物的高通量培养方面具有独特的应用优势.然而现有研究多停留在实验室搭建和使用阶段,存在操作要求高、影响因素多、缺乏自动化集成技术等关键问题,制约了液滴微流控技术在微生物研究中的应用.文中以解决液滴微流控技...  相似文献   

7.
【目的】生物启发的细菌表面仿生矿化人造矿物壳被用于保护活细胞。【方法】将细菌限制在坚固而完整的矿物壳中,有限的物理空间和物质交换使其暂时进行休眠,降低长期保存期间的活力损失以及提高在各种极端环境中的生存能力,并且能够通过酸去除矿物壳而重新激活细菌。【结果】相较于未仿生矿化的细菌(EcN),矿化细菌(EcN@CaCO3)在32 d的储存实验中活力最高提升262倍;在pH 2.5的强酸环境中存活率提高837倍;在pH 12.0的强碱环境中存活率提高171倍;在80 ℃的高温条件下存活率提高59.1倍;甚至在抗生素溶液中,EcN@CaCO3中细菌的存活率是EcN的729.7倍。【结论】本研究利用仿生矿化提高了细菌的保存稳定性,使其能在酸刺激下去除涂层恢复活性,也能在极端环境下保留细菌的活力,为微生物在环境生态、食品制造和生物医药等领域的应用提供研究基础。  相似文献   

8.
美国马萨诸塞大学研究人员日前成功分离出一种表面带有大量微小突起的细菌,由于它们表面的突起具有很强的导电性,用这种细菌制成的微生物燃料电池具有更强的发电能力,可在燃料电池的石墨阳极大量繁殖,并在阳极表面构成一层厚厚的导电生物膜。细菌表面的大量突起是一种蛋白质构成的细小纤维,它们如同“纳米级电线”,可通过生物膜传送电流,使用这种细菌制造的燃料电池将大大提高电池的电力输出。  相似文献   

9.
生物被膜的形成及其电化学阻抗检测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
生物被膜是细菌及其自身分泌的胞外聚合物组成的微生物群落,其形成是受多种机制共同调控的多阶段动态过程,具有较强的耐药性且难以清除,给医疗、食品等行业带来了巨大的威胁。近年来,生物被膜的相关研究领域备受关注,尤其是针对生物被膜的有效检测技术。本文在简要介绍生物被膜的特点、形成过程及群感效应对生物被膜的调控作用基础之上,总结了生物被膜常用的检测方法,重点针对电化学阻抗技术在生物被膜检测中的应用进行调研和讨论,并对基于微流控芯片的生物被膜电化学阻抗原位检测进行了综述和展望。  相似文献   

10.
未培养环境微生物培养方法的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
自然界中微生物种类繁多、功能多样、分布广泛,对人类健康安全、生态稳定和物种进化等发挥不可替代的作用.尽管微生物培养技术至今已有一百多年,然而由于各种限制因素的制约,目前成功分离培养的微生物仅占0.1%-1.0%,自然界中仍有十分丰富的微生物资源有待挖掘和开发利用.如何理解难培养微生物的制约因素并探索作用机制,同时借此开...  相似文献   

11.
纤维素分解菌对不同纤维素类物质的分解作用   总被引:39,自引:4,他引:39  
经过CMC平板、滤纸液化和摇瓶培养试验 ,发现 6株菌中 ,产黄纤维单胞菌 (CellulomonasFlav igena)和康氏木霉 (Trichodermakonigii)分解纤维素类物质的能力比较强 ,对来源不同的纤维素类物质分解能力差异很大 ;真菌与细菌一起接种时 ,分解纤维素类物质的速度明显高于其中任何一个单一菌株 ,说明纤维素类物质的分解需要多种微生物的联合作用  相似文献   

12.
    
In molecular dynamics simulations of heat transfer in micro channels, a lot of computation time is used when the wall molecules are explicitly simulated. To save computation time, implicit boundary conditions, such as the Maxwell conditions, can be used. With these boundary conditions, heat transfer is still a problem. In this work, we derive a new boundary condition based on a vibrating potential wall. The heat-transfer properties of the new boundary condition are shown to be comparable with those of the explicit wall. The computation time needed for the implicit boundary condition is very small compared with that needed for the explicit simulation.  相似文献   

13.
AIMS: Gluconacetobacter xylinum is well known for its ability to produce large amounts of cellulose, however, little is known about its cell physiology. Our goal was to study the respiratory metabolism and components of the respiratory system of this bacterium in static cultures. To reach our goal, a medium formulation had to be designed to improve cell growth and cellulose production together with a novel method for the recovery of cells from cellulose pellicles. METHODS AND RESULTS: Successive modifications of a nutrient medium improved G. xylinum cell growth 4.5-fold under static culture conditions. A blender homogenization procedure for the releasing of cells from the cellulose matrix gave a high yield of cells recovered. Respiratory activities of purified cells were greatly stimulated by exogenous substrates and showed to be resistant to KCN. Unexpectedly, exogenous NADH was oxidized at high rates. Cytochromes a, b, c and d were identified after spectral analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Partial bioenergetic characterization of G. xylinum cells allowed us to propose a scheme for its respiratory system. In addition, the growth medium for biomass production and the procedure for the efficient recovery of cells from cellulose pellicles were significantly improved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work provides the first-ever bioenergetic characterization of G. xylinum grown in static cultures. In addition, a novel methodology to obtain purified cells in suitable quantities for biochemical research is described.  相似文献   

14.
The magnetic susceptibility and high bacterial affinity of carbon nanotube (CNT) clusters highlight their great potential as a magnetic bio‐separation agent. This article reports the CNT clusters' capability as “universal” bacterial adsorbents and magnetic separation agents by designing and testing a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) cluster‐based process for bacterial capturing and separation. The reaction system consisted of large clusters of MWNTs for bacterial capture and an external magnet for bio‐separation. The designed system was tested and optimized using Escherichia coli as a model bacterium, and further generalized by testing the process with other representative strains of both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. For all strains tested, bacterial adsorption to MWNT clusters occurred spontaneously, and the estimated MWNT clusters' adsorption capacities were nearly the same regardless of the types of strains. The bacteria‐bound MWNT clusters also responded almost instantaneously to the magnetic field by a rare‐earth magnet (0.68 Tesla), and completely separated from the bulk aqueous phase and retained in the system. The results clearly demonstrate their excellent potential as highly effective “universal” bacterial adsorbents for the spontaneous adsorption of any types of bacteria to the clusters and as paramagnetic complexes for the rapid and highly effective magnetic separations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010  相似文献   

15.
细菌纤维素生产与应用研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
简要介绍了细菌纤维素菌种选育、发酵条件优化,以及细菌纤维素在食品、医药、高级音响设备振动膜、造纸与无纺织物等方面应用研究的近况。由于细菌纤维素可形成纳米级的极细纤维,具有极高的杨氏模量和机械强度,以及高纯度和高结晶度、高亲水性和生物可降解性等特点,预计不久将成为一种多用途的商品。  相似文献   

16.
    
Surface topography acts as an irreplaceable role in the long-term success of intraosseous implants. In this study, we prepared the hierarchical micro/nano topography using selective laser melting combined with alkali heat treatment (SLM-AHT) and explored the underlying mechanism of SLM-AHT surface-elicited osteogenesis. Our results show that cells cultured on SLM-AHT surface possess the largest number of mature FAs and exhibit a cytoskeleton reorganization compared with control groups. SLM-AHT surface could also significantly upregulate the expression of the cell adhesion-related molecule p-FAK, the osteogenic differentiation-related molecules RUNX2 and OCN as well as the mTORC2 signalling pathway key molecule Rictor. Notably, after the knocked-down of Rictor, there were no longer significant differences in the gene expression levels of the cell adhesion-related molecules and osteogenic differentiation-related molecules among the three titanium surfaces, and the cells on SLM-AHT surface failed to trigger cytoskeleton reorganization. In conclusion, the results suggest that mTORC2 can regulate the hierarchical micro/nano topography-mediated osteogenesis via cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization.  相似文献   

17.
    
Polymer scaffolds play an important role in three dimensional (3‐D) cell culture and tissue engineering. To best mimic the archiecture of natural extracellular matrix (ECM), a nano‐fibrous and micro‐porous combined (NFMP) scaffold was fabricated by combining phase separation and particulate leaching techniques. The NFMP scaffold possesses architectural features at two levels, including the micro‐scale pores and nano‐scale fibers. To evaluate the advantages of micro/nano combination, control scaffolds with only micro‐pores or nano‐fibers were fabricated. Cell grown in NFMP and control scaffolds were characterized with respect to morphology, proliferation rate, diffentiation and adhesion. The NFMP scaffold combined the advantages of micro‐ and nano‐scale structures. The NFMP scaffold nano‐fibers promoted neural differentiation and induced “3‐D matrix adhesion”, while the NFMP scaffold micro‐pores facilitated cell infiltration. This study represents a systematic comparison of cellular activities on micro‐only, nano‐only and micro/nano combined scaffolds, and demonstrates the unique advantages of the later. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010  相似文献   

18.
离子浓差极化(ion concentration polarization,ICP)现象是在外加电场作用下发生在微纳交界面处的一种电富集现象,将ICP现象与微流控分析技术相结合,可广泛应用于生化分析中带电粒子预富集、目标物分离、靶标物检测等领域。本文首先对ICP原理及微流控ICP芯片进行了简要介绍,梳理总结了ICP芯片的制备技术和方法,其中重点关注了微流道结构设计、纳米结构制备与设计等方面的研究现状与进展。首先对基础单通道ICP芯片的结构进行分析,进而对并行通道ICP芯片结构以及集成多功能的微流控ICP芯片进行了总结和讨论,列举了ICP芯片中纳米结构的制备方法及其优缺点。进而,讨论了优化ICP芯片的富集效能途径,可通过引入多场耦合、阀门控制等多种手段,实现对靶标物的富集效能优化。最后,针对ICP芯片在多种带电生化样本分析检测中的应用进行综述,指出ICP芯片在匹配检测目标生物特性方面面临挑战,需要提高富集效率和选择性,解决流体控制、混合及传输问题。可以看到,微流控ICP芯片具有处理样本流量低、分离富集效果好、检测效率高以及易于集成化和小型化等优势,在生化检测领域展示出很好的研究意义和实用前景。  相似文献   

19.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号