唐家河自然保护区小型兽类群落结构

1989年4-11月对唐家河自然保护区的小型兽类进行了研究,共布放11000多铗日,捕获小型兽类846只。共有小型兽类21种,划分为4个群落。利用方差分析和多重比较分析出了各群落内的优势种,并比较了方差分析与以捕获比例确定小型兽类群落优势种的差异。根据香农-威纳公式分析了群落的多样性和均匀性,发现随着群落内物种数的增加,群落的多样性和均匀性指数也都增加,但是随着群落内优势种所占比例增加,群落的多样性则显降低,均匀度也降低。     

天津开发区滨海生态防护圈组成群落的生物量、物质和能量结构

构成天津开发区滨海生态防护圈的 4种群落的生物量和能量现存量分别为 ,乔 灌 草群落 2 8 5 5t·hm-2 、5 2 5 91× 10 9J·hm-2 ,灌木群落 2 8 11t·hm-2 、5 0 3 2 7× 10 9J·hm-2 ,草本群落 2 4 30t·hm-2 、35 5 6 8× 10 9J·hm-2 ,灌 草群落 4 2 1t·hm-2 、75 5 2× 10 9J·hm-2 ,都大大超过了原生植被碱蓬群落 ( 0 2 75t·hm-2 、3 6 1× 10 9J·hm-2 )。具有复层结构的乔 灌 草群落和灌 草群落在生物量和能量现存量的分配上 ,都是优势层占据绝对优势地位 ,而且在各群落中生物量和能量分配比例很接近 :乔 灌 草群落中乔木层占 84 34%和 84 4 3%、灌木层占14 89%和 14 84 %、草本层仅占 0 77%和 0 73% ;灌 草群落中灌木层占 80 0 8%和 80 5 1%、草本层占 19 95 %和 19 4 9%。 4种群落对N、P、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cl- 7种元素的现存总量从大到小依次为草本群落 ( 2 4 81 87kg·hm-2 )、灌木群落 ( 5 18 16kg·hm-2 )、乔 灌 草群落 ( 4 99 4 9kg·hm-2 )、灌 草群落 ( 99 2 2kg·hm-2 ) ,大于原生碱蓬群落 ( 2 8 34kg·hm-2 )。草本群落对Na和Cl-有着极大的吸收和积累 ,分别达到 5 2 1 6 8kg·hm-2 和 14 2 9 15kg·hm-2 。元素现存量在复层结构的乔 灌 草群落和灌 草群落     

延安人工林区小型兽类群落的季节动态

利用生物量、物种数、多样性指数、均匀度指数等变量,对延安人工林区小型兽类群落的季节性变化进行了调查。选择生物量作为小型兽类的优势度指标,分析了小型兽类优势度的季节性变化及在不同生境的表现。共捕获小型兽类9种,分属2目3科,优势种为达乌尔鼠兔和中华鼢鼠甘肃亚种;小型兽类群落4种变量的季节变化与小型兽类种群生物量的季节变化关系密切;延安人工林区小型兽类群落优势种的季节性决定着群落生物量的季节性,普通种和稀有种的季节性决定着物种数和多样性的季节性;延安人工林区9种小型兽类存在不同的时空组合;中华鼢鼠是唯一在各季节和所有生境中分布的种类;夏、秋季刺槐人工林区、杂草灌丛区达乌尔鼠兔优势度极高。     

森林生态系统年净初级生产力和生境复杂度对小型兽类物种多样性影响

本研究主要探讨黄龙自然保护区森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平和栖息地复杂程度对小型兽类物种多样性的影响.将调查区按海拔高度分为4个调查点,每点的年净初级生产力水平各不相同,分别为 24.9 MJ/(m2·a); 21.5 MJ/(m2·a); 17.5 MJ/(m2·a)和14.1 MJ/(m2·a).在选择调查点时,同时考虑栖息地复杂程度,在生产力水平较高的调查点选择栖息地复杂程度较低的地点,而在生产力较低的调查点选择栖息地复杂程度较高的地点调查,以便分析森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平与栖息地复杂程度对小型兽类物种多样性的影响.采用鼠铗捕获小型兽类.结果表明,小型兽类物种多样性与森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平有密切关系,随着海拔升高,森林生态系统年净初级生产力的降低,所捕获的小型兽类生物量随之降低,其物种多样性也随之下降.小型兽类物种多样性也与栖息地复杂程度有关,森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平在一定范围内,大于17.5 MJ/(m2·a),栖息地复杂度的增加可以降低年净初级生产力水平对小型兽类物种多样性的影响.然而,森林生态系统年净初级生产力水平降低到一定程度时,小于14.1 MJ/(m2·a),生产力水平则为影响小型兽类物种多样性的主要因子.此外,小型兽类的生物量与森林生态系统年净初级生产力和栖息地复杂程度也有类似的关系.     

松嫩平原羊草草原凋落物层群落学作用的研究

 植物的萌发数量与凋落物量呈抛物线型,峰值出现在200g·m-2处,凋落物对植物萌发影响主要是通过影响地表温度和土壤水分而起作用。群落的物种数随着凋落物量增加而增加,峰值出现在800g·m-2处,种饱和度达14种·m-2,峰值后略有下降。群落优势种羊草(Aneurolepidium chinense)的密度、平均高度、盖度和地上生物量随凋落物量的变化趋势基本相同,峰值出现在600g·m-2左右。凋落物层对群落的演替动态有一定的影响,凋落物量相近的样地差异较小,随着凋落物量的增加,群落间差异越来越大。群落地上和地下生物量随凋落物量的变化呈单峰曲线,地上生物量峰值出现在600g·m-2处,地下生物量出现在700g·m-2处,地下生物量/地上生物量值随凋落物量变化呈V字型,最小值出现在550g·m-2左右。     

西双版纳白背桐群落生物量研究

对云南西双版纳热带次生演替初期的白背桐群落生物量进行了测定.结果表明,10龄群落总生物量为57.819 t·hm-2,其中乔木层为51.019 t·hm-2(占群落生物量的88.24%),灌木层5.644 t·hm-2(占9.76%),层间植物1.013 t·hm-2(占1.75%),草本层0.143 t·hm-2(占0.25%).与其5龄群落相比,10龄群落乔木层、灌木层和层间植物的生物量分别增长了105.04%、122.73%和93.32%,草本层生物量降低83.53%.在演替过程中群落乔木层生物量主要集中于少数优势树种,白背桐、木姜子、榕树的生物量合计26.170 t·hm-2(占乔木层生物量的51.29%).群落乔木层生物量主要以小径级树木的生物量为主,其器官生物量积累的大小顺序依次为干＞枝＞根＞叶.     

南黄海冬季小型底栖生物丰度和生物量

分别于2003年1月和2004年1月在南黄海广大陆架浅海水域进行小型底栖生物调查.结果表明,两个航次的小型底栖生物平均丰度分别为 (954.20±269.47) ind·10 cm^-2和(1 186.12±486.07) ind·10 cm^-2;平均生物量分别为(954.38±403.93)μg·10 cm^-2和(1 120.72±487.21) μg·10 cm^-2.两个航次小型底栖生物丰度值、生物量和生产力均无显著变化(P>0.05).共鉴定出20个小型底栖生物类群,按丰度,自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群,两个航次的优势度分别为87%和90%,其他优势类群依次为桡足类、多毛类和动吻类;按生物量依次为线虫34%～38%,多毛类25%～33%,介形类9%～22%,桡足类8%.96.64%的小型生物分布在0～5 cm的表层沉积物内,线虫和桡足类分布在0～2 cm的比例分别为72.48%和89.46%.小型底栖生物的生物量与沉积物砂含量(%)、粉砂含量(%)和叶绿素a含量呈显著相关.代表性站位的种类组成和多样性分析显示了沿岸、黄海冷水团和东、黄海交汇区3个不同的底栖生物群落.     

广东南澳岛植被恢复过程中的群落动态研究

 以广东南澳岛的1个草坡、4个人工林和3个次生林群落为对象,采用时空互代的方法,将这8个群落当作植被恢复中的不同阶段,研究各群落的群落结构、生物量、叶面积指数和土壤养分等,进而研究了南澳岛退化生态系统植被恢复的过程和机理。随着植被的恢复进程,群落的阳性种类逐渐减少,中生性种类逐渐增加。物种多样性、均匀度、生态优势度和β多样性指数分析表明南澳岛植被恢复过程群落组成结构的复杂性依退化草坡→人工林→次生林逐渐增加。南澳岛退化草坡、10年生人工林、15年生人工林和次生林的生物量分别为4.81t·hm-2、45.18t·hm-2、100.39t·hm-2和88.34t·hm-2,叶面积指数分别为1.04、3.81、5.89和6.52,凋落物贮量分别为0.42t·hm-2、3.20t·hm-2、3.70t·hm-2和4.90t·hm-2。南澳岛植被恢复过程中土壤有机质、全氮和速效磷和交换性K含量逐渐增加。由于海岛的生境、大风和暴雨的影响,海岛植被恢复的格局不同于大陆,而其恢复速度也较慢。根据本研究结果,提出了人工促进海岛植被恢复的途径。     

湖南会同红栲-青冈-刨花楠群落生物生产力的研究

用回归分析方法 ,对我国亚热带湖南会同红栲 青冈 刨花楠群落的生物生产力进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,林分总生物量为 45 1.0 2t·hm-2 ,其中乔木层、灌木层和藤本生物量分别为 42 6 .76、17.76和 1.80t·hm-2 ,枯枝落叶层现存量为 4.70t·hm-2 ,乔木层净生产量和平均生产量分别为 34.46t·hm-2 ·年 -1、13 .32t·hm-2 ·年 -1.     

四川黑竹沟地区非飞行小型兽类物种多样性与群落组成

四川黑竹沟国家级自然保护区位于生物多样性丰富的凉山山系, 在保护和维持区域生物多样性方面具有极其重要的地位, 然而对该自然保护区兽类群落的研究却极为缺乏。为了了解该自然保护区及周边的小型兽类群落,本文作者在2018年4-10月调查了该区域的非飞行小型兽类物种多样性及其群落组成。在海拔1,537-3,830 m间共设置样方184个, 布设鼠夹9,016铗日, 捕获小型兽类536只, 隶属4目7科13属21种。包括滇攀鼠(Vernaya fulva)和等齿鼩鼹(Uropsilus aequodonenia)两个稀有物种在内的共计9个物种为该地区首次报道, 丰富了物种分布记录。结合历史资料, 黑竹沟地区共记录小型兽类43种, 隶属4目9科28属。在43种小型兽类中, 东洋界物种37种, 占绝对优势(86%), 分布型以喜马拉雅-横断山型占优, 为18种(占东洋界48.6%)。本次调查捕获的21种小型兽类中, 群落优势种为中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco, 33.2%)、北社鼠(Niviventer confucianus, 21.3%)和中华绒鼠(Eothenomys chinensis, 12.7%)。随着海拔上升, 群落优势种组成发生变化, 由北社鼠 + 中华姬鼠 + 针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens) + 短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)群落, 转变为中华绒鼠 + 中华姬鼠 + 凉山沟牙田鼠(Proedromys liangshanensis) + 西南绒鼠(Eothenomys custos)群落。群落物种区系的分布型组成随着海拔升高而发生变化, 喜马拉雅-横断山型物种随海拔升高所占比例增大; 分布于喜马拉雅-横断山的特有种分布的下限、中点和上限平均海拔都高于非特有种, 且特有种和非特有种的中点和下限平均海拔差异显著(n = 21, df = 19, P = 0.013; n = 21, df = 19, P < 0.01), 说明该区域物种具有明显的东洋界特征, 中高海拔主要由特有种构成。本研究丰富了黑竹沟地区小型兽类及群落多样性的数据资料, 有利于该地区物种多样性的研究和保护。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.