α受体激动对绵羊心肌瞬时性内向离子流的影响

用乙酰毒毛旋花子甙元（ＡＳ）０．０５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ诱发绵羊心浦肯野纤维产生稳定的瞬时性内向离子流（Ｉｔｉ）,用普萘洛尔０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ阻断β受体,观察α受体激动剂苯肾上腺素（ＰＥ）０．３,１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ对Ｉｔｉ幅值与时程的影响。ＰＥ１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ灌流２０,５０ｍｉｎ时Ｉｔｉ幅值分别由对照值１２．８±１．９ｎＡ减小至１０．７±１．２ｎＡ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０５）与９．６±１．９ｎＡ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;ＩｔｉＤ５０时程分别由对照值１４５±２４．４ｍｓ延长至１８３．３±２８．１ｍｓ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０５）与２０７．５±３４．２ｍｓ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＰＥ对Ｉｔｉ的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性与时间依赖性。Ｉｔｉ到达峰值的时间和回复到基线的时间都延长,提示ＰＥ作用下Ｉｔｉ通道动力学发生了变化。如果在β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＯ）１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ增强Ｉｔｉ的基础上,ＰＥ１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ灌流１０ｍｉｎ,对Ｉｔｉ幅值的抑制及时程的延长作用更显著,Ｉｔｉ幅值由对照值１５．６±３．２ｎＡ减小到１０．３±２．２ｎＡ;ＩｔｉＤ５０由９２．５±１４．３ｍｓ延长到１３２．５±３６．０ｍｓ（ｎ＝５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

丹皮酚对心肌细胞自律性和延迟后除极的影响

目的与方法：采用常规玻璃微电极技术研究丹皮酚对离体心肌细胞自律性（ＡＭ）、延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ） 及触发活动（ＴＡ）的影响。结果：１．８×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚灌流组,肾上腺素（Ａｄｒ）的阈浓度空白对照组为（１．２８±０．５７）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,药后为（１．５６±０．５３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＞０．０５）;用（１．８×１０－ ３） ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚（Ｐａｅ）灌流组,Ａｄｒ 浓度由空白对照组的（１．２２ ±０．６２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到（６．２２±２．１１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＜０．０１）。１．８×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｐａｅ 能明显抑制哇巴因（Ｏｕａ）诱发的ＤＡＤ的幅值,当基本刺激周长为５００,４００,３００ 和２００ ｍｓ 时,其ＤＡＤ幅值从（５．５±２．０）ｍＶ,（７．３±２．１）ｍＶ,（８．０ ±２．４）ｍＶ和（９．２±１．９）ｍＶ减小到（３．０±１．１）ｍＶ、（３．６±１．７）ｍＶ,（４．３±２．０） ｍＶ和（５．９ ±１．６） ｍＶ,Ｐ＜０．０１。当基本刺激周长为２００ ｍｓ时,ＴＡ 数目由５．５±１．０ 降至０．７±０．３（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：丹皮酚能抑制心肌细胞ＡＭ、ＤＡＤ及ＴＡ,具有抗心律失常作用     

刺激大鼠视上核后电针“足三里”对蓝斑灌流液中去甲肾上腺素含量的影响

运用行为测痛结合蓝斑（ＬＣ）灌流液去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）的高压液相（ＨＰＬＣ）测定；观察 大鼠痛阈（ＰＴ）与ＬＣ灌流液中去甲肾上腺素含量变化间的相互关系，结果表明：（ｌ）视上核 （ＳＯＮ）内注射 １０μｍＬ－谷氨酸（Ｌ－ｇｌｕｔａｍｉｃａｃｉｄ， Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ）后 ３０分钟，大鼠ＰＴ较注射前增加１３３． ２± ２１．４％，此时ＬＣ 灌流液中ＮＥ含量从注射前的４３７．３±２０．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ降到２２９．２±１１．９ｎｇ／ｍｌ，注射 后６０分钟ＰＴ仍比注射前高８３．９±１４．７％，而灌流液中ＮＥ的含量为３２８．６±２８．０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，与人工 脑脊液（ＡＣＳＦ）对照组相比有非常明显的差别（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）。（２） ＳＯＮ注射Ｌ－Ｇｌｕ后，电 针足三里３０分钟（Ｌ－ＧＩＵ＋ＥＡ组）增加到注射前的１８８．２±２３．９％，同ＡＣＳＦ电针组（ＡＣＳＦ＋ ＥＡ）的 ９４．９±７．１％相比有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此时ＬＣ灌流液中ＮＥ的含量虽较注射前都明显 降低、分别为１３７．６±７．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ和 １５１，１±１１．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ，但两者相比无明显差异。停针后３０分钟Ｌ－ Ｇｌｕ＋ＥＡ组的ＰＴ仍比注射前高１３３．８±２７．９％，明显高于     

大鼠中缝隐核增强dPAG诱导的vPAG的c－Fos表达及对vPAG神经元放电的影响

本实验通过Ｐｏｓ免疫细胞化学、电生理及微量注射法对中缝隐核（ＮＲＯ）的交感抑制作用的相关途径进行探讨。实验在成巴比妥钠或α－氯醛糖和氨基甲酸乙脂麻醉的Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ（ＳＤ）大鼠上进行。同时予以ＮＲＯ,中脑导水管周围灰质背侧部（ｄＰＡＧ）方波脉冲串刺激,诱导中脑和延髓的ｃ－Ｆｏｓ表达。刺激ＮＲＯ过程中,基础血压升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,刺激ｄＰＡＧ引起的防御性升压反应则减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）;中脑导水管周围灰质腹侧部（ｖＰＡＧ）、巨细胞旁外侧核（ＰＧＬ）的Ｆｏｓ样免疫阳性反应（ＦＬＩ）细胞计数分别为６６．５±８．３和１０．８±１．５（刺激ＮＲＯ＋ｄＰＡＧ组）,较单独刺激ｄＰＡＧ组明显增加,Ｐ值分别小于０．０１和０．００１;单或双脉冲刺激中缝隐核在ｖＰＡＧ可以记录到相关单位,其中８４％为兴奋单位,抑制单位占１６％。双侧ｖＰＡＧ内微量注射利多卡因（每侧２μｇ／０．１μｌ）,基础血压无明显变化,而刺激ＮＲＯ引起的降压反应幅度减小（Ｐ＜０．０１）,提示,延髓腹外侧区（ＶＬＭ）、ＮＲＯ存在不同功能分化的神经元;ＮＲＯ可能有向ｖＰＡＧ的兴奋性投射,此投射可加强ＮＲＯ的交感抑制效应。     

豚鼠腹腔神经节迟慢兴奋性突触后电位与5－HT和P物质的关系

应用细胞内记录,研究了豚鼠腹腔神经节（ＣＧ）细胞非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位（ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ）与５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）及Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）的相互关系。当重复电刺激内脏大神经（ＳＮ）时,有７８．２％的细胞（１６１／２０６）在动作电位发放后出现ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ,灌注或压力注射５－ＨＴ或ＳＰ,分别在６８．５％的细胞（１０２／１４９）及５２．１％的细胞（９８／１８８）上引起５－ＨＴ或ＳＰ去极化反应,两者差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;大部分具有ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ的细胞对５－ＨＴ（７３／８８,８３．０％）或ＳＰ（６８／１１４５９．６％）敏感,而不出现ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ的细胞仅有少数对５－ＨＴ（１０／２６,３８．５％）或ＳＰ（１１／３６,３０．６％）敏感,两类细胞的差异非常显著（５－ＨＴ：Ｐ＜０．０００１,ＳＰ：Ｐ＜０．０１）。上述结果支持５－ＨＴ与ＳＰ均作为递质参与ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ形成的观点。此外,在１３３个细胞上同时检测了５－ＨＴ与ＳＰ的作用,其中有６６个细胞（４９．６％）对５－ＨＴ及ＳＰ均敏感,提示在ＣＧ细胞,５－ＨＴ与ＳＰ之间可能存在某种机能联系。     

豚鼠腹腔神经节迟慢兴奋性突触后电位与5—HT和P物质的关系

应用细胞内记录,研究了豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞非胆碱能迟慢兴奋性突触后电位与５－羟色胺及Ｐ物质的相互关系。当重复电刺激内脏大神经时,有７８．２％的细胞在动作电位发放后出现ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ;灌注或压力注射５－ＨＴ或ＳＰ,分别在６８．５％的细胞（１０２／１４９）及５２．１％的细胞（９８／１８８）上引起５－ＨＴ或ＳＰ去极化反应,两者差异非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）;大部分具有ＬＳ－ＥＰＳＰ的细胞对５－ＨＴ（７３／８     

汉防己甲素对四氧嘧啶引致大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤的保护作用

本实验采用四氧嘧啶损伤大鼠胰岛β细胞,复制糖尿病动物模型。若预先腹腔注射汉防己甲素（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）则可完全预防引发的糖尿病。预防组血糖（７．６３±０．４４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显低于对照组（２５．４６±１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｐ＜０．００１）;血清胰岛素水平（１１．３３±１．９７μＵ／ｍｌ）高于对照组（７．１３±０．４５μＵ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０５）;血浆胰高血糖素（６６．８５±５．０７ｐｇ／ｍｌ）明显低于对照组（９０．３５±３．１５ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０１）．口服葡萄糖耐量实验显示预防组耐糖功能较对照组明显改善,糖耐量曲线下血糖面积预防组（２９．４５±１．６３ｍｌ·ｈ／Ｌ）低于对照组（１１３．２８±５．０２ｍｍｏｌ·ｈ／Ｌ,ｐ＜０．００１）。胰岛β细胞免疫组织化学染色结果显示,预防组胰岛β细胞数目及胰岛素分泌颗粒的含量均与正常大鼠胰岛相同,无形态学改变,而对照组胰岛内β细胞免疫反应阳性产物减少甚至消失。结果表明,汉防己甲素对四氧嘧啶引起的胰岛β细胞急性损伤有保护作用。     

心房钠尿肽对大鼠主动脉弓压力感受器活动的影响

在隔离灌流的大鼠主动脉弓－主动脉神经标本上,观察了心房肽Ⅲ（ａｔｒｉｏｐｅｐｔｉｎⅢ,ＡＰⅢ）对主动脉弓压力感受器活动的影响。主动脉弓内压保持１３．３ｋＰａ条件下向灌流液中加入ＡＰⅢ（２．０μｇ／ｍｌ）后,主动脉神经传入放电较对照值增加６４±２７％（Ｐ＜０．００１）;升降灌流压时,主动脉神经传入放电随之增减,饱和压（ＳＰ）由２２．５±０．５降至２１．３±０．５ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,工作范围（ＯＲ）由１２．１±０．４降至１０．６±０．４ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,阈压（ＴＰ）无明显变化;压力感受器机能曲线向左上方移位,曲线的最大积分值（ＰＩＶ）由５０８±６６％增至７３０±５２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,曲线最大斜率（ＰＳ）由５５．６±７．５增至９３．２±６．８％·ｋＰａ－１（Ｐ＜０．０５）;冲洗掉ＡＰⅢ后,主动脉神经传入放电基本恢复至对照水平．主动脉弓内压保持在１３．３ｋＰａ条件下,向灌流液中加入硝普钠（ＮＰ,１．０μｇ／ｍｌ）,主动脉神经传入放电虽有所减少,但无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）;升降灌流压时,ＴＰ,ＳＰ,ＯＲ均无明显变化,对压力感受器机能曲线及ＰＳ也无显著影响,而ＰＩＶ由６６７±７８降至５０２±７４％（Ｐ＜     

新生大鼠脊髓薄片中的运动神经元对腹外侧索刺激的反应

在新生大鼠脊髓薄片细胞内记录了２５个经送行刺激鉴定的运动神经元（ＭＮ）,发现腹外侧索刺激可在８０％的ＭＮ诱发去极化反应（ＥＰＳＰ）。在静息电位水平ＥＰＳＰ的潜伏期、达峰时间、幅度、半衰时间和时程分别为１．２±０．２ｍｓ,２．６±０．４ｍｓ,１３±３ｍＶ,５．３±１．６ｍｓ和３１±８ｍｓ。ＥＰＳＰ呈等级性和膜电位依赖性,平均翻转电位为－８ｍＶ,潜伏期在０．—５Ｈｚ频率的刺激时相对恒定,但刺激频率＞２０Ｈｚ时ＥＰＳＰ变小或被取消。ＥＰＳＰ在低钙高镁溶液中被阻抑叵在无镁溶液中增强。犬尿烯酸（０．５—１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可逆地阻断ＥＰＳＰ,但氯胺酮（５０—１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）仅部分抑制之。结果表明腹外侧索中的下行纤维可能释放兴奋性氨基酸而激活ＭＮ。     

“缺血”心肌起搏离子流If的观察研究

本文观察“缺血”及肾上腺素能激动剂对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流Ｉｆ的影响。用模拟缺血溶液灌流１５,３０和６０ｍｉｎ后,在Ｅｃ—６０ｍＶ—１２０ｍＶ之间的各不同指令电位水平Ｉｆ离子流幅值均降低（ｎ＝７,Ｐ＜０．０５）,激活达稳态时间及半激活时间延长（ｎ＝７,Ｐ＜Ｏ．０５）,激活曲线向超极化方向移位。１×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ异丙基肾上腺素能使Ｉｆ离子流幅值增加（ｎ＝１０,Ｐ＞０．０５）,激活达稳态时间及半激活时间缩短（ｎ＝１０,Ｐ＜０．０５）,激活曲线向除极化方向移位,但不能完全逆转“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。在５×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ普萘洛尔存在条件下,５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ新福林对正常绵羊心室浦肯野纤维Ｉｆ离子流影响不一致,但可加剧“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。上述结果表明：急性心肌缺血时,心室浦肯野纤维正常起搏活动不是增强,而是减弱。提示急性缺血性室性心律失常不是由于心室正常自律活动异常增强引起。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.