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1.
茶园黑刺粉虱(Aleurocanthus spiniferus)种群的RAPD多样性   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
付建玉  韩宝瑜 《生态学报》2007,27(5):1887-1894
用RAPD技术对华东地区7个茶园的黑刺粉虱种群进行遗传结构分析。从40个随机引物中筛选出9条具特异性的引物,扩增出248条长度约为200~2000bp的DNA条带,其中199条多态性条带,多态性为80.24%。经Popgene软件分析,黑刺粉虱种群平均水平的多态位点百分比(P砚)为48.33%,Nei's基因多样性(HE)为0.2910,Shannon's多态性信息指数(日)为0.4442,表明黑刺粉虱种群遗传多样性丰富;各种群问遗传分化程度(Gst)较高,达0.3749,其中PPL以福建武夷山区的九龙山种群(JLS)最高,达77.42%,其次为安徽九华山种群(JHS)的65.73%;而且两种群的HE,H等遗传指标均较高。以NTSYSpc软件包,基于Nei's遗传距离对昆虫个体进行UPGMA和NJ法聚类分析,构建分子系统树,并进行多维标度分析(MDS)。系统树显示:同一种群的个体优先聚类,遗传相似度高的种群依次聚类。多维标度分析也显示:浙江杭州、富阳和绍兴3种群集中分布,安徽宣城种群靠近该3种群;而九华山种群则与武夷山区的九龙山种群聚拢;福建金山种群独立成簇。多维标度分析与聚类分析结果一致。认为粉虱种群间的遗传距离与地理距离之间存在相关性;两个山地种群的多样性有别于其它种群,是因为山地环境和气候引起粉虱适应性的生态地理分化。  相似文献   

2.
棉铃虫不同寄主种群遗传分化的RAPD分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
应用RAPD技术对生活于辣椒,烟草和番茄3种不同寄主上的棉铃虫(Helicover pa armigera)种群,并以烟草烟青虫(H.assulta)为外群进行了种群遗传分化的研究,研究结果表明:4个处理内个体间最大的遗传距离均小于处理间最小的遗传距离,烟青虫的遗传距离为0.177-0.346,棉铃虫的辣椒种群为0.289-0.404,烟草种群为0.396-0.505,番茄种群为0.329-0.382,采用UPDGA法进行聚类,并构建系统发育树。各处理成聚的遗传距离为:烟青虫是0.334,棉铃虫的辣椒种群是0.372,烟草种群是0.463,番茄种群是0.360。各处理均首先成聚,棉铃虫与烟青虫成聚的遗传距离(0.703),稍大于棉铃虫各种群的成聚值(0.639)。上述结果表明,棉铃虫不同寄主种群已经存在明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

3.
青蛤两个异域种群的遗传多样性与分化研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
利用RAPD技术对分布于中国辽宁庄河(LZ)及广东惠东(GH)的两个青蛤(Cyclinasinensis)野生种群遗传多样性及其遗传分化进行了分析。22个10碱基引物从两个种群分别扩增到179和181条扩增谱带,全部扩增片段长度在210—2850bp之间。根据扩增结果计算出两个种群的多态位点比例(P)分别为76.92%和81.31%,平均杂合度(H)分别为0.2815和0.3012。两种群间遗传距离(D)和近交系数(Fst)分别达到0.103及0.1997,结果表明两个异域种群不但遗传多态性较高,而且出现了明显的种群分化现象。文章还初步讨论了青蛤种群分化的机制、遗传结构与异地引种关系等问题。  相似文献   

4.
应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对9个不同地理种群美国白蛾进行了遗传多样性和UPMGA聚类分析.结果表明:25个RAPD引物共扩增191个位点,片段大小在200~2000 bp,其中158个是多态位点,多态百分率为82.72%,遗传距离指数在0.2043~0.5108,遗传相似性系数在0.4892~0.7957;9个不同地理种群的美国白蛾可以分成3类:辽宁省和山东类群、北京和天津类群、美国类群,表明美国白蛾不同地理种群间的遗传分化与地理位置相关.  相似文献   

5.
傅建炜  陈小龙  尤民生 《生态学杂志》2008,27(12):2141-2145
采用RAPD方法,对福建省19个不同菜区黄曲条跳甲地理种群的分化进行了研究。结果表明:相同种群采用相同引物进行扩增的重复性较好,不同种群采用相同引物进行扩增的差异性较高;19个不同菜区的黄曲条跳甲主要分为4个类群:闽东南沿海地区类群、闽西北地区类群、泉州类群和东山岛类群,黄曲条跳甲不同地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离有关。东山岛和泉州2个特异性类群的出现,说明地形、蔬菜种植以及农药使用等人为因子会影响其地理种群的分化。  相似文献   

6.
内蒙古典型草原羊草种群遗传分化的RAPD分析   总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15  
运用 RAPD技术对内蒙古典型草原不同生境 8个羊草种群进行分析。采用 2 4个随机引物 (10 nt)在 8个种群中共检测到2 2 4个扩增片断 ,其中多态性片断 173个 ,总的多态位点百分率达 77.2 % ,特异性片断 2 2个 ,占 9.82 % ,平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为 9.3 3条。利用 Nei指数和 Shannon指数估算了 8个种群的遗传多样性 ,并计算种群相似系数和遗传距离 ,运用UPGMA法进行聚类分析。结果表明 :羊草大部分的遗传变异存在于种群内 ,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群间 ,Nei指数和Shannon指数计算结果分别为 85.4%和 66.8% ;羊草不同种群的遗传多样性存在差异 ;8个羊草种群平均遗传距离为 0 .2 3 16,变异范围为 0 .1587~ 0 .2 70 0 ,说明 8个羊草种群间的遗传变异不大 ,即 :在较小地理范围内羊草的遗传分化程度较小 ;8个种群可聚为 3个类群 ,聚类结果显示生境相似的种群能够聚在一起 ,而地理距离最近的种群不一定归为一类 ,说明小范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化与地理距离不存在相关性 ,而与其生境间的相似度相关。影响遗传相似性的不是单一因子而是各种因子的综合作用 ,较小地理范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化主要是由环境的异质性所引起的  相似文献   

7.
冷蒿种群在放牧干扰下遗传多样性的变化   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
王静  杨持  尹俊  王铁娟  刘朋涛 《生态学报》2004,24(11):2465-2471
通过随机扩增多态性 DNA(RAPD)方法检测了放牧干扰下冷蒿种群遗传多样性的变化。 17条 (组 )引物进行 RAPD分析 ,扩增共产生 2 5 4条带 ,其中 2 4 0条为多态性带 ,多态位点百分率达 94 .4 9%。随着放牧强度的增加 ,冷蒿种群多态位点百分数 ,Nei遗传多样性指数、Shannon信息指数均下降 ,种群内个体平均遗传一致度增加。放牧梯度上 4个冷蒿种群 H t=0 .2 116 ,Hs=0 .170 0 ,Dst=0 .0 4 16 ,种群间基因分化系数 Gst=0 .196 5 ,基因流 N*m=2 .0 4 5 1;同时随着放牧强度的增加 ,种群间的 Dst、Gst增加 ,N*m 降低。说明放牧限制了种群间的基因交流 ,使种群发生遗传分化。放牧梯度上的 4个冷蒿种群的遗传距离很小 ,但是随着放牧强度的增加 ,遗传距离在缓慢的增加 ,种群间的遗传一致度降低。根据遗传距离所构建的 U PGMA聚类图中冷蒿 4个种群随着牧压的增加 ,逐级聚在一起。这表明冷蒿种群的遗传分化与放牧强度的关系  相似文献   

8.
采用RAPD技术分析了山西省菜粉蝶5个地域种群间的遗传多样性和遗传关系,用筛选出的12对引物扩增共得到143条带,其中127(88.8%)条带具有多态性,5个种群变异程度由大到小的顺序为:大同的(76.3%)>太原的(74.7%)>长治的(74.5%)>代县的(73.7%)>夏县的(70.7%).Shannon's信息指数分析结果显示大多数变异发生在种群内(73.7%).种群间的Nei's遗传距离较低(均<0.1).用UPGMA和 Neighbor-joining做的基于RAPD标记的Nei's遗传距离的聚类图显示,各种群内的个体首先聚在一起,种群之间有一定分化,5个地域种群间较远距离的代县种群与夏县种群遗传关系最近并优先相聚.经过对试验结果的分析讨论认为:环境类型及其生态条件对山西省菜粉蝶地域种群的遗传多样性和遗传变异产生了重要的影响,其中农药的施用对菜粉蝶种群遗传结构的影响有可能是深刻的.  相似文献   

9.
利用3对AFLP引物对我国棉褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana(Fischer von Rosslerstamm)4个地理种群进行了遗传分化研究。共扩增得到224个DNA条带,其中多态条带195个;遗传多样性分析表明各群体均具有较高的遗传多样性水平,Nei遗传多样性指数为0.14250.1578,Shannon多样性指数为0.21370.1578,Shannon多样性指数为0.21370.2383。群体间的遗传分化系数(Gst)和基因流(Nm)分析结果表明,北方的苹小卷叶蛾与南方茶小卷叶蛾之间产生了明显的遗传分化,而北方的苹小卷叶蛾不同种群间则存在着大量的基因交流,遗传分化程度很弱。AMOVA分析结果显示66.81%的变异来源于种群内。UMAGA聚类分析表明,北京种群、陕西种群和山东种群间遗传距离较小,聚在一起为一分支,福建的茶小卷蛾单独为一分支。推测棉褐带卷蛾种群间的遗传分化与寄主有关联,与地理距离不相关。  相似文献   

10.
引进天敌莲草直胸跳甲的遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
我国从美国引进天敌昆虫莲草直胸跳甲防治喜旱莲子草已有20多年历史.本研究采用随机引物扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析方法,对引入我国的4个莲草直胸跳甲地理种群(广州、重庆、昆明、福州)的遗传多样性情况进行分析,并以美国佛罗里达种群为参照,从分子水平上揭示其种群的遗传分化及其与环境之间的关系.从111条随机引物中选取13条条带清晰、重复性好的引物对5个种群的25个样本进行扩增.结果表明:总多态位点百分率为42.0%,其中美国佛罗里达种群的多态位点百分率显著高于我国的4个地理种群;25.5%遗传分化发生在4个群体间;对各地理种群间的遗传距离采用非加权配对算术平均法( UPGMA)进行聚类分析发现,遗传距离与种群空间分布距离呈正相关.  相似文献   

11.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markersare used to investigate genetic variation andevolutionary relationships of 29 samples of Cordycepssinensis from different geographical populations on theQinghai–Tibet plateau. Out of 137 RAPDbands scored, 100 are polymorphic. A correlation isrevealed between geographical distance and geneticdistance. The molecular phylogenetic tree suggests thatthe 29 samples are divided into three notableclusters, corresponding to the geographical populations,i.e., the north population (NP), middle population (MP),and south population (SP). The NP consists of7 northern samples from Menyuan, Maqu, andLuqu, the MP consists of 8 samples from Yushu andChengduo, and the SP consists of 14 samples from BymaSnow Mountain, Renzhi Snow Moutain, Chongcaoxiwa, andDacaodi.It is demonstrated that extensive geneticdiversity is found among different geographicalpopulations of C. sinensis. The genetic diversitypattern of C. sinensis may be caused by the foundereffects. The taxonomic status of NP, MP, and SP populationsshould be that they are different subspecies rather thandifferent species.  相似文献   

12.
运用RAPD分子标记技术对山核桃种质资源的五处天然居群遗传多样性进行了初步研究。20条10bp随机引物共检测出252个扩增位点,其中多态性位点168个,多态性位点比率为66.7%。依据Shannon’s表型多样性指数,山核桃种质资源的遗传多样性水平相对较高,群体内变异占总变异的60.32%,居群间变异率为39.68%。五处天然居群中,岛石居群遗传多样性水平最高,为0.2800,临目居群最低,为0.1992。群体内平均遗传距离为0.0914,居群间平均遗传距离为0.1188。丰富的遗传多样性可保证山核桃种质群体能够持续生存和发育,也为山核桃选优、品种改良及遗传育种工作奠定了遗传学基础。  相似文献   

13.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to investigate the genetic variation among populations, between populations, and within populations, relationships between genetic distance and geographic distance, and the molecular variation and population size. The effects of geographic and genetic distances, as well as of genetic differentiation and population size, on genetic variations of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. are discussed. The present study showed that there was significant RAPD variation between the Baicheng region population and the Daqing region population, with a molecular variance of 6.35% (P < 0.04), and for differentiation among area populations of the Daqing region, with a molecular variance of 8.78% (P < 0.002). A 21.06% RAPD variation among all 16 populations among two regions was found (P < 0.001), as well as 72.59% variation within populations (P < 0.001). Molecular variation within populations was significantly different among 16 populations.  相似文献   

14.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation in populations of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, was investigated, revealing significant differences in the level of diversity between southern and northern regions of eastern Australia. Of the 20 polymorphic RAPD markers identified in koalas, 4-7 were polymorphic in southern populations, while 12-17 were polymorphic in northern populations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant difference in the estimated variance between koalas from northern and those from southern regions (P < 0.001), where populations from the north were greater than twice as variable as their southern cousins. The total genetic diversity observed was attributed to regional differences (30.91%), population differences within a region (11.77%), and differences among individuals within a population (57.32%). For the within-region analyses, a large proportion of the genetic diversity was attributable to individual differences within a population, 80.34% for the north and 91.23% for the south. These results demonstrate that RAPD markers are useful for determining population structure among koalas.  相似文献   

15.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to investigate the genetic variation among populations, between populations, and within populations, relationships between genetic distance and geographic distance, and the molecular variation and population size. The effects of geographic and genetic distances, as well as of genetic differentiation and population size, on genetic variations of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. are discussed. The present study showed that there was significant RAPD variation between the Baicheng region population and the Daqing region population, with a molecular variance of 6.35% (P 〈 0.04), and for differentiation among area populations of the Daqing region, with a molecular variance of 8.78% (P 〈 0.002). A 21.06% RAPD variation among all 16 populations among two regions was found (P 〈 0.001), as well as 72.59% variation within populations (P 〈 0.001). Molecular variation within populations was significantly different among 16 populations.  相似文献   

16.
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对内蒙古地区亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus(B.-bienko)9个不同地理种群90个个体进行扩增,8条随机引物扩增共产生了78条带,多态性片段为62条。对Nei′s基因多样性指数和遗传距离进行分析,结果表明:种群间的遗传分化系数为0.2343,即23.43%的遗传变异存在于种群间,种群内的遗传分化系数为0.7657,即76.57%的遗传多样性存在于种群内,群体内遗传多样性大于群体间遗传多样性。用NJ法对这3个种群的Nei′s遗传距离作聚类分析,结果表明亚洲小车蝗不同种群的遗传分化程度与地理距离具有正相关关系。  相似文献   

17.
Heterodera schachtii and H. cruciferae are sympatric in California and frequently occur in the same field upon the same host. We have investigated the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nematode DNA sequences to differentiate H. schachtii and H. cruciferae and to assess genetic variability within each species. Single, random oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers were used to generate PCR-amplified fragments, termed RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers, from genomic DNA of each species. Each of 19 different random primers yielded from 2 to 12 fragments whose size ranged from 200 to 1,500 bp. Reproducible differences in fragment patterns allowed differentiation of the two species with each primer. Similarities and differences among six different geographic populations of H. schachtii were detected. The potential application of RAPD analysis to relationships among nematode populations was assessed through cluster analysis of these six different populations, with 78 scorable markers from 10 different random primers. DNA from single cysts was successfully amplified, and genetic variability was revealed within geographic populations. The use of RAPD markers to assess genetic variability is a simple, reproducible technique that does not require radioisotopes. This powerful new technique can be used as a diagnostic tool and should have broad application in nematology.  相似文献   

18.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to provide estimates of the comparative genetic variation within and among four native populations of Schizachyrium scoparium . Genotypes were collected from high- and low-fertility sites in both New Jersey (forest biome) and in Oklahoma (grassland biome), USA, and propagated in the greenhouse. Four oligonucleotide primers, 10 bp in length, produced a total of 60 RAPD markers, with the minimum marker difference between any two individuals being 14 markers. Euclidean metric distances were calculated among all individuals, and the analysis of molecular variance ( AMOVA ) technique was used to apportion the total genetic variation among individuals within populations, populations within fertility levels, populations within biomes, fertility levels, and biomes. Even though most genetic variation resided within populations, statistically significant differences were detected between populations within each biome. Furthermore, genetic distances between high and low fertility levels within biomes were equal to or greater than biome distances. Therefore, in this wide-ranging and highly variable species, RAPD analysis suggests that local site differences in fertility and ecological history can promote genetic differentiation equal to or greater than geographical differentiation.  相似文献   

19.
Genetic structure arises when limited gene flow between populations favours the development of distinct arrays of genetic characters within each population. Determining the spatial scale at which this differentiation occurs is critical to our understanding of population biology and microevolution of species. The genetic structure and spatial pattern of genetic variation in an endemic, clonal perennial, Wyethia reticulata E. Greene, was investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and allozyme alleles. Large stands (250–360 m2) were found to contain few genetic individuals. Despite the small population sizes and endemism of the species, W. reticulata was highly diverse genetically, with most of the variation (75–81%) distributed within populations. A population structure in full agreement with spatially defined populations was achieved only by combining RAPD and allozyme markers. Analysis using both types of markers appeared to provide estimates of genetic similarity between individuals that were most consistent with empirical data on plant distributions. We postulated that large, long-lived clones dominated genetic relationships within populations but also provided opportunities for gene flow between populations on a longer time scale. The two marker types yielded different estimates of between-individual similarity and revealed disparate patterns of population structure. This result will arise because allozymes and random DNA segments have dissimilar evolutionary dynamics with respect to mutation and selection.  相似文献   

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