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1.
中国利用生物多样性控制水稻病虫草害技术   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
病、虫、草害是影响水稻生产的主要因素,利用生物多样性控制水稻病虫草害符合农业可持续发展的要求.近年来,中国利用生物多样性防控水稻病虫草害技术的研究大量涌现.本文对中国近年来在利用外源基因培育抗病虫草水稻品种,利用水稻种质资源、稻鸭共作、有机耕作、生物制剂技术防治水稻病虫草害等方面取得的成果和进展进行了综述,并对未来有待进一步研究的方向进行了展望.利用丰富的水稻种质资源进行抗病虫草育种和筛选抗病虫草品种是利用水稻品种遗传多样性研究的重要方向;进一步开展利用生态系统多样性控制病虫草害的方法,研究不同生物多样性方法之间的匹配或者拈抗关系,将有利于可持续水稻生产技术体系的发展.  相似文献   

2.
从水稻同源三倍体中鉴定出无融合生殖种质TAR   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
水稻杂种优势的成功应用使水稻单产提高了20%,这主要得益于70年代初细胞质雄性不育系的发现和利用。但传统的三系法杂交水稻必须做到不育系、保持系、恢复系“三系”配套,选育程序和杂交种子生产环节较复杂,以致培育目标组合的周期长、效率低、推广环节多,同时种子成本高、价格贵[1]。80年代光敏核不育水稻以其“一系两用、配组自由”等优越性大有取代三系杂交水稻的趋势。但是,光敏核不育特性同时又受温度的调控,加之育性波动等缺陷使两系杂交水稻的研究和利用受到严重制约[2]。80年代后期,科技工作者开始探索利用无融合生殖固定水稻杂种优…  相似文献   

3.
气象因子对江苏省水稻单产的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
沈陈华 《生态学报》2015,35(12):4155-4167
全球气候变暖作为一个不争的客观事实,不可避免地对农业生产产生影响。针对传统多元线性回归分析方法,不能直接分析气象因子与水稻气象单产时序关系,根据1978—2010年间江苏省水稻单产数据和同期气象时序数据,研究了水稻单产的影响因素,提取了水稻气象单产;利用连续小波变换方法研究了水稻气象单产、水稻营养生长与生殖生长期间的日照时数、降水和气温等气象因子的时序变化特征;利用交叉小波和相干小波变换方法,研究了水稻营养生长与生殖生长期间气象因子与水稻气象单产间的相互影响关系。结果显示:(1)近33 a间,江苏省水稻气象单产占实际单产的比重逐渐减小,水稻生产抵御气象灾害能力逐渐增强。(2)水稻气象单产与日照时数、降水量和气温等气象因子有几乎一致的特征周期。(3)在水稻分蘖期、孕穗期与开花结实期,气象单产与日照时数、降水量和气温间的相位差关系较为复杂。水稻分蘖期日照时数的增多有利于水稻单产的增加,降水的增多导致水稻单产的下降。水稻开花结实期日照时数的增强、昼夜温差的变大有利于水稻单产的增加,夜间最低气温的上升会导致水稻单产的下降。为了应对全球气候变暖,需要进一步改变水稻种植方式,加强土地利用监管,积极开展农村土地综合整治,加强高标准基本农田建设,加大农田水利设施建设,调整作物播种期,加强气象灾害应对防范体系建设,更好地发挥生物技术在适应气候变化中的作用。  相似文献   

4.
高秆隐性e杂交水稻研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文综述利用eui基因来提高杂交水稻制种产量的设想与实践,以及通过直接辐射诱变方法育成高秆隐性恢复系和长穗颈不育系,继而育成e杂交水稻组合等方面的研究进展,提出了今后e杂交水稻的研究方向.  相似文献   

5.
<正>项目名称:0sPTR10基因在水稻氮素再利用中的调节机制研究项目经费:21万项目主要内容:水稻氮素的再利用是指叶片等衰老器官向种子运输氮素的过程,在水稻籽粒灌浆期积累有机氮,最终形成产量上发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物,而褐飞虱是水稻生产中的主要害虫,培育与利用抗褐飞虱的水稻品种是综合防治褐飞虱的基础。现从水稻抗褐飞虱种质资源、水稻抗褐飞虱基因的定位与克隆、水稻抗褐飞虱的分子机理,以及抗褐飞虱水稻的培育等方面,综述水稻抗褐飞虱基因研究的最新成果。  相似文献   

7.
浙江慈溪不同利用年限水稻土微生物生物量与酶活性比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测定了浙江慈溪5个不同利用年限水稻土(50~2000 a)的微生物生物量C、N和过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活性,分析了水稻土的生物化学环境质量与利用年限的相关性.结果发现,随着利用年限的延长,水稻土的微生物生物量C与N均趋于下降,其中微生物生物量N能较灵敏地反映利用年限造成的差异(p=0.091);水稻土的过氧化氢酶与转化酶活性均呈下降趋势,其中过氧化氢酶活性与利用年限之间确有线性回归关系(p = 0.042);水稻土的脲酶活性不呈显著变化规律,而磷酸酶活性显著上升,其与利用年限之间确有线性回归关系(p = 0.022).总体表明,利用年限延长虽然会降低水稻土中微生物的生物量和整体活性,但对水稻土的肥力并没有产生不良影响,相反对水稻土的供磷能力有保育和增强作用,而对水稻土的供氮能力没有定向影响.  相似文献   

8.
水稻害虫化学生态调控研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
自然界中,在昆虫和植物种内与种间都存在着复杂的化学联系。开发利用生态系统中这些调控生物种内种间关系的生态功能分子,可望有效降低害虫的种群密度,从而减少化学农药的使用。本文根据目前国内外在利用生态功能分子调控水稻害虫方面的最新研究成果,分别就利用昆虫性信息素、水稻挥发物、非寄主植物提取物、化学激发子以及遗传改良水稻品种等在调控水稻害虫及其天敌中作用的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了今后的研究重点与方向。希望通过本文能促进化学生态调控技术在水稻害虫治理中的应用,以减轻水稻害虫治理对化学农药的依赖。  相似文献   

9.
有机大米产业化与野生稻种质利用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
针对有机大米产量明显低于普通大米的问题,本文论述了有机大米产业化与野生稻优异种质利用的关系,分析了野生稻优异基因利用现状、目前存在的问题以及解决问题的途径。提出在有机水稻品种选育过程中,通过利用野生稻优异基因,提高有机水稻品种抗病虫性、抗逆性(耐寒、耐旱、耐贫瘠)和光合效率等特性,从而推动野生稻优异种质利用,提高企业经济效益,解决化学物质残留和污染等问题。  相似文献   

10.
<正>2014年6月9日,华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室水稻团队罗杰教授和练兴明副教授的研究成果于Nature Genetics在线发表。该研究首次系统揭示了水稻代谢组自然变异的遗传和生化基础,对于包括水稻在内的主要粮食作物的遗传改良具有重要意义。水稻代谢组研究对于解析水稻逆境抗性及营养品质等重要性状的形成及其机理非常重要。该项研究首先利用自然变异群体分析了水稻代谢组在种内及亚种间的巨大差异,揭示出逆境应答代谢组在亚种分化中的可能作用,进而利用全基因组关联分  相似文献   

11.
本文建立了油松雌性不育系雌球果蛋白质组研究中的双向电泳技术。第一向采用固定pH值梯度(IPG)胶条在IPGphorTM等电聚焦仪上进行等电聚焦,第二向在恒功率且恒温条件下于Ettan-DALTTMⅡ高通量电泳仪上进行SDS-PAGE电泳,以银染和考马斯亮蓝两种方法染色。通过对全蛋白的提取、胶条pH值和胶条肿胀等技术环节的优化和比较,得到了重复性很高,分离效果良好的蛋白质双向图谱。  相似文献   

12.
Proteins of haloarchaea are remarkably unstable in low-ionic-strength solvents and tend to aggregate under standard two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis conditions, causing strong horizontal streaking. We have developed a new approach to generate 2-D maps of halophilic proteins which included washing cells with 1.5 M Tris-HCl buffer. In addition, proteins were precipitated with acetone, solubilized with urea and thiourea in the presence of the sulfobetaine detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), reduced with tributylphosphine (TBP), and separated with microrange strips of immobilized pH gradients (pH 3.9-5.1). This combination enabled the construction of highly reproducible 2-D maps of Haloferax volcanii proteins.  相似文献   

13.
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension, initially applied for the separation of soluble and total cellular proteins, has been extended to the analysis of membrane proteins. We show that the usual procedures lead to artifacts and irreproducible results due to aggregation and precipitation of proteins and protein-phospholipid complexes during isoelectric focusing (first dimension) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis (second dimension). Optimized solubilization procedures for hydrophobic membrane proteins are presented and the use of dilute samples is shown to be essential to overcome the major problems in isoelectric focusing. Increased volumes of samples dissolved in rehydration buffer are applied by direct rehydration of dry immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels. Isoelectric focusing in 2% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) without urea gives good results as does 2% Nonidet-P40 with 8 M urea. Heat denaturation should be avoided. An optimized equilibration procedure for IPG gel strips in SDS sample buffer prior to separation in the second dimension was developed that minimizes loss of proteins and results in high-resolution two-dimensional electropherographic maps with a minimum of streaking. The gel strips are partially dehydrated at 40 degrees C and shortly reswollen in situ on the SDS slab gel in SDS-sample buffer containing agarose.  相似文献   

14.
Zhou S  Bailey MJ  Dunn MJ  Preedy VR  Emery PW 《Proteomics》2005,5(11):2739-2747
We report the results of a systematic investigation to quantify the losses of protein during a well-established two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) procedure. Radioactively labelled proteins ([(14)C]bovine serum albumin and a homogenate prepared from the liver of a rat that had been injected with [(35)S]methionine) were used, and recovery was quantified by digesting pieces of gel in H(2)O(2) and subjecting the digests to liquid scintillation counting. When samples were loaded onto the first dimension immobilised pH gradient strips by in-gel rehydration, recovery of protein from the strips was 44-80% of the amount of protein loaded, depending on the amount of protein in the sample. Most of the unrecovered protein appeared to have adhered to the reswelling tray. Losses during isoelectric focusing (IEF) were much smaller (7-14%), although approximately 2% of the protein appeared to migrate from sample strips to adjacent blank strips in the focussing apparatus. A further 17-24% of the proteins were lost into the buffers during equilibration prior to running in the second dimension. Losses during the second dimension run and subsequent staining with SYPRO Ruby amounted to less than 10%. The overall loss during 2-DE was reduced by approximately 25% when proteins were loaded onto the IEF strips using sample cups instead of by in-gel rehydration. These extensive and variable losses during the 2-DE procedure mean that spot intensities on 2-DE gels cannot be used to derive reliable, quantitative information on the amounts of proteins present in the original sample.  相似文献   

15.
With the aim of studying differentially expressed proteins as a function of abiotic and biotic stress in citrus plants, we optimized a protocol for the extraction of total leaf proteins and their 2-DE separation using commercially available immobilized pH gradient strips (IPGs) in the first dimension. Critical factors for good reproducibility of citrus leaf protein separation were identified: trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone precipitation after extraction in lysis buffer, sample fractionation on narrow range overlapping IPGs and sample-cup loading at the anodic or cathodic end of the strip. The use of thiourea and a strong detergent (C7BzO) in the solubilization/rehydration buffer, coupled with the increase to 10% of SDS in the equilibration buffer before the second dimension seemed to affect positively the resolution of basic proteins. Using our protocol we resolved about 30 basic proteins on 6.3-8.3 pH range strips. Further, our protocol was successfully applied reproducibly on the analysis of control and salt exposed leaf samples of Citrus reshni Hort. Ex Tan.  相似文献   

16.
Passive rehydration of immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) has, to our knowledge, never been quantitatively evaluated to determine an ideal rehydration time. Seeking to increase throughput without sacrificing analytical rigor, we report that a substantially shorter rehydration time is accomplished when surface area of IPG strips is increased via microneedling. Rehydration for 4 h, post microneedling, provides comparable results to overnight rehydration in final analyses by 2DE, while also shortening the overall protocol by 1 day.  相似文献   

17.
以系列选择性抽提技术与显示细胞骨架的整装电镜技术为基础,应用免疫胶体金标记与蛋白质成份的双向电泳分析技术,研究了BHK_(21)细胞的中间纤维-lamina与核骨架(核基质)结构体系及其主要的蛋白成份。BHK_(21)细胞的中间纤维-lamina与核骨架是在结构上相互联系,贯穿于核与质的网络体系。中间纤维单丝直径为10nm,能很好地被抗波形蛋白抗体-金颗粒所标记,生化分析同样说明BHK_(21)细胞中间纤维的主要成份是波形蛋白(vimentin),其分子量为55KD,等电点为5.6。中间纤维网在胞质内呈极性分布,与lamina密切联结。BHK_(21)细胞的lamina能被抗lamin A与C的单克隆抗体-金颗粒标记。双向电泳分析证明,lamina含有三种蛋白成份,即lamin A,B,C,其分子最分别为68KD,70KD与62KD,lamin A,C等电点均为6.9—7.2,而lamin B偏酸,其等电点为5.8。BHK_(21)细胞核骨架纤维网也可以被清晰的显示,其蛋白成份较为复杂,在双向电泳谱上经常出现多个清晰的斑点,很可能含有肌动蛋白(actin)。298KD核基质蛋白的单克隆抗体-金颗粒能准确的标记核骨架纤维。  相似文献   

18.
Analyzing alkaline proteins in human colon crypt proteome   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Normal human colon crypt protein extract was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using pH 6-11 immobilized pH gradient strips in the first dimension. The optimized isoelectric focusing protocol includes cup-loading sample application at the anode and 1.2% hydroxyethyl disulfide (DeStreak), 15% 2-propanol and 5% glycerol in the rehydration buffer. Spots were well resolved across the entire pH range up to 11. A total of 311 protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry and peptide mass mapping. After combining isoforms, 231 nonredundant proteins were grouped into 16 categories according to their subcellular locations, and 17 categories according to their physiological functions. Histone proteins, ribosomal proteins and mitochondrial proteins were among the well-resolved highest p/ proteins. Application of this protocol to the analysis of normal and neoplastic colon crypts will contribute to the proteomic study of colorectal tumorigenesis since a significant portion of the human proteins is in basic pH range.  相似文献   

19.
One method of improving the protein profiling of complex mammalian proteomes is the use of prefractionation followed by application of narrow pH range two dimensional (2-D) gels. The success of this strategy relies on sample solubilization; poor solubilization has been associated with missing protein fractions and diffuse, streaked, and/or trailing protein spots. In this study, I sought to optimize the solubilization of prefractionated human cancer cell samples using isoelectric focusing (IEF) rehydration buffers containing a variety of commercially available reducing agents, detergents, chaotropes, and carrier ampholytes. The solubilized proteins were resolved on 2-D gels and compared. Among five tested IEF rehydration buffers, those containing 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS) and dithiothreitol (DTT) provided superior resolution, while that containing Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) did not significantly affect protein resolution, and the tributyl phosphine (TBP)-containing buffer yielded consistently poor results. In addition, I found that buffers containing typically high urea and ampholyte levels generated sharper 2-D gels. Using these optimized conditions, I was able to apply 2-D gel analysis successfully to fractionated proteins from human breast cancer tissue MCF-7, across a pH range of 4-6.7.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Gel-based proteomic is a popular and versatile method of global protein separation and quantification. However, separation of basic protein still represents technical challenges with recurrent problems of resolution and reproducibility. RESULTS: Three different protocols of protein loading were compared using MCF7 cells proteins. In-gel rehydration, cup-loading and paper-bridge loading were first compared using 6--11 IPG strips, as attempted, in-gel rehydration gave large horizontal steaking; paper-bridge loading displayed an interesting spot resolution, but with a predominant loss of material; cup-loading was selected as the most relevant method, but still needing improvement. Twelve cup-loading protocols were compared with various strip rehydration, and cathodic wick solutions. Destreak appeared as better than DTT for strip rehydration; the use of isopropanol gave no improvement. The best 2DE separation was observed with cathodic wicks filled with rehydration solution complemented with DTT. Paper-bridge loading was finally analyzed using non-limited samples, such as bovine milk. In this case, new spots of basic milk proteins were observed, with or without paper wicks. CONCLUSION: According to this technical study of basic protein focalization with IPG strips, the cup-loading protocol clearly displayed the best resolution and reproducibility: strips were first rehydrated with standard solution, then proteins were cup-loaded with destreak reagent, and focalisation was performed with cathodic wicks filled with rehydration solution and DTT. Paper-bridge loading could be as well used, but preferentially with non-limited samples.  相似文献   

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