利用两种不同引物扩增金龟子COI序列片段的研究与对比

利用两类不同的引物,即通用引物(L1490,H219S)与特异引物(Pat,Jerry)分别对4种常见金龟子线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(COI)基因片段序列进行扩增和测序,获得长度为689 bp与775 bp的序列.对测序结果进行遗传距离分析,并构建了4种金龟子系统进化树.结果表明,特异引物扩增序列的遗传距离在种内稳定性与种间的差异性都明显优于通用引物扩增序列,利用特异引物扩增序列所构建的系统进化树最符合实际情况,因此利用特异引物扩增序列更能够准确的对金龟子进行分类.     

利用特异引物和直接测序法鉴定圆鼻巨蜥和孟加拉巨蜥

利用特异引物扩增法和直接测序法对圆鼻巨蜥Varanus salvator和孟加拉巨蜥Varanus bengalensis进行了物种鉴定.设计通用引物和特异引物扩增COI基因部分序列,根据电泳结果和产物的blast比对结果,成功鉴定两种巨蜥,并对这两种方法的使用范围进行了探讨,解决了实际执法中两种巨蜥物种鉴定的需要.     

应用长PCR扩增蝗虫线粒体全基因组

介绍了用两对长PCR引物扩增蝗虫(Acridoidea)线粒体全基因组的方法。从NCBI的核酸数据库下载得到36种已测昆虫线粒体全基因组,选取cytochromeb(Cytb)c、ytochrome oxidase subunitⅡ(COⅡ)、cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ)基因的保守区域设计两对引物。其中引物LP03和LP04从COⅠ向Cytb扩增;引物LPCytb和LPCOⅡ从Cytb向COⅡ扩增,两对引物扩增的片段之间有大约1 kb的重叠。应用这两对引物成功扩增出10种蝗虫的线粒体基因组。考虑到在设计引物过程中所选序列在其他昆虫中的保守性,它们应能在大部分昆虫线粒体基因组扩增中发挥作用。     

通用引物双重PCR在节肢动物物种鉴定中的应用

【目的】本研究旨在使用基于线粒体基因通用引物的双重PCR技术同时扩增单一样本中两条标记基因,从而达到简化节肢动物物种鉴定流程的目的。【方法】在一次PCR实验中同时加入可扩增线粒体COI基因和16S rDNA两个不同分子标记的引物,对3纲8目14科的14种节肢动物物种标本的基因组DNA进行扩增;扩增产物经电泳和胶回收后测序,并BLAST在线搜索相似序列,验证基于通用引物的双重PCR在不同的动物类群中用于物种鉴定的有效性。【结果】应用基于COI和16S rDNA的引物从分属于3纲8目14科的14种节肢动物基因组DNA中均可成功扩增目的基因;扩增产物测序结果进一步证实了扩增的准确性。【结论】通过本方法进行物种的分子鉴定,不仅可以保证物种鉴定的高准确率,还可以明显减少时间与DNA样本量的消耗,这对需要快速准确鉴定物种或珍稀的材料样本十分重要。     

银环蛇线粒体基因组全序列分析

根据GenBank公布的蛇类物种线粒体基因序列和已知的引物序列,总共设计和合成了9对引物.采用保真度较高的Ex-Taq酶,以总基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,产物纯化后进行TA克隆和步移测序,拼接后获得了全长17 144 bp银环蛇线粒体基因组全序列.其共编码13种蛋白质、2种rRNA和22种tRNA.这些基因没有内含子,基因间排列紧密,仅有极少或完全没有核苷酸,甚至相互重叠.除了含有2个调控线粒体基因组复制和转录的控制区外,其余基因在长度和位置等方面与其它脊椎动物均具有较高的同源性.     

裸长角(虫兆)线粒体COI基因扩增的研究

目的:为研究跳虫的遗传多样性和探讨跳虫线粒体基因提取与扩增的简易方法,对裸长角(虫兆)线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基COI基因进行了提取和扩增.方法:通过采集裸长角(虫兆)、提取裸长角虫兆基因组DNA,并用特异性引物对COI基因进行PCR扩增,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳来检验扩增产物,最后用软件对结果进行分析.结果:结果显示扩增产物的为一明亮条带,长度约为477bp,符合预期.结论:用基因组DNA作为扩增模板是可行的,所选用的引物对跳虫线粒体细胞色素氧化酶基因的扩增具有参考价值.     

基于简并引物同步克隆两个红麻PDIL同源基因cDNA5'-末端序列

探索利用同一套简并引物结合通用引物同步扩增两个红麻PDIL同源基因的cDNA5’-末端序列,以期为同一转录组中两个旁系同源基因cDNA5' RACE的同步扩增提供借鉴.通过红麻HcPDIL5-2a和HcPDIL5-2b cDNA中间片段及3’-末端已知序列的比时,在其完全保守区段设计了一条引物用于两个基因5' RACE的共反转录;在其部分保守区段设计了两条简并引物,并利用其在两个基因的5'RACE扩增时退火温度的差异,结合通用引物巢式PCR同步扩增两个基因的cDNA 5 ’-末端未知序列.在两个基因全长cDNA拼接序列的基础上设计两对特异引物分别扩增它们的cDNA全长序列,测序结果进一步验证了序列拼接和cDNA 5' RACE同步扩增的可靠性.进化分析证实两个基因属于PDIL基因家族成员.     

利用两种不同引物扩增金龟子COⅠ序列片段的研究与对比

利用两类不同的引物,即通用引物(L1490,H2198)与特异引物(Pat,Jerry)分别对4种常见金龟子线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(COⅠ)基因片段序列进行扩增和测序,获得长度为689 bp与775 bp的序列。对测序结果进行遗传距离分析,并构建了4种金龟子系统进化树。结果表明,特异引物扩增序列的遗传距离在种内稳定性与种间的差异性都明显优于通用引物扩增序列,利用特异引物扩增序列所构建的系统进化树最符合实际情况,因此利用特异引物扩增序列更能够准确的对金龟子进行分类。     

穿山甲标本和甲片的DNA提取及PCR扩增

为验证经处理后的穿山甲(Manis spp.)标本和甲片是否可以用于种间分子鉴定标记的开发及个体识别工作,本文在样品的预处理、消化、提取后纯化等方面对传统提取方法进行了改进,分别从穿山甲剥制标本、干皮标本及甲片中提取总DNA;然后用Cyt b基因扩增通用引物、12S rRNA基因全序列扩增引物、RAPD引物及微卫星引物进行了PCR扩增,并对部分扩增结果进行了序列测定.结果表明,除剥制标本的脚底皮张组织外,其他样品基本都可以提取出DNA.以此为模板的PCR扩增中,2种线粒体基因引物扩增出明显目的条带,RAPD引物扩增出种间特异条带,测序结果可用于种间特异性引物及SCAR引物的开发;微卫星引物在甲片样品中扩增稳定,可用于个体识别工作.     

赤麂线粒体全基因组的序列和结构

提取赤麂细胞株总DNA,参照我们实验室已测定的同属动物小麂线粒体全基因组序列设计引物,PCR扩增、测序、拼接,获得赤麂线粒体全基因组序列并进行生物信息学分析。赤麂线粒体全基因组序列全长16354bp。定位了22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因、13个蛋白编码基因和1个D-loop区。赤麂与小麂及其它哺乳动物线粒体的基因组结构相同,它们的序列同源性都较高。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.