肾上腺髓质素在正常大鼠脑中的分布一免疫组化及原位杂交分析

目的验证大鼠脑内是否存在ADM及其mRNA。方法取10只健康雄性SD大鼠,体重200-250g,应用免疫组织化学法和原位杂交组织化学法检测正常大鼠脑内ADM及其mRNA的表达情况。结果在大鼠脑内ADM及其mRNA阳性细胞主要表达在大脑皮质、海马结构、齿状回、丘脑、室旁组织、脉络丛、室管膜细胞、基底节、血管内皮细胞,其中脉络丛、室旁组织、丘脑为高表达区,其次为大脑皮质、海马。在大鼠大脑内ADMmRNA的表达与ADM阳性细胞的表达相一致。结论ADM及其mRNA在大脑内广泛表达,提示ADM在中枢神经系统内具有重要的作用。     

肾上腺髓质素在正常大鼠脑中的分布-免疫组化及原位杂交分析

目的验证大鼠脑内是否存在ADM及其mRNA。方法取10只健康雄性SD大鼠,体重200-250g,应用免疫组织化学法和原位杂交组织化学法检测正常大鼠脑内ADM及其mRNA的表达情况。结果在大鼠脑内ADM及其mRNA阳性细胞主要表达在大脑皮质、海马结构、齿状回、丘脑、室旁组织、脉络丛、室管膜细胞、基底节、血管内皮细胞,其中脉络丛、室旁组织、丘脑为高表达区,其次为大脑皮质、海马。在大鼠大脑内ADMmRNA的表达与ADM阳性细胞的表达相一致。结论ADM及其mRNA在大脑内广泛表达,提示ADM在中枢神经系统内具有重要的作用。     

生长抑素在齐口裂腹鱼消化道和脑中的定位

采用链霉亲合素一生物素过氧化物酶复合物免疫组化法研究生长抑素（Somatostatin,Som）在齐口裂腹鱼（Schizothorax prenanti）脑和消化道中的定位。在消化道中,口咽腔和食道为阴性反应;肠道有Som强阳性细胞,其中前肠密度最高,后肠最低。这些Som阳性细胞多分布于粘膜上皮,形态多样。肠道巨噬细胞呈Som强阳性反应。Som广泛分布于各脑区的神经元或神经纤维中,呈弱或强阳性反应,其中下丘脑下叶乳头体内Som阳性细胞密度最高,背嗅核、侧嗅核、原始纹体、视前核、内嗅沟旁、缰核下区、前丘脑核、前圆核、下丘脑中叶、下丘脑下叶、中脑室侧次之;小脑分子层和延脑VI、V核较少。端极和脑上腺有阳性神经纤维。这说明Som在肠道中的分布与该鱼食性、消化道结构和功能密切相关;Som在下丘脑中的分布特点为鱼类GH调控提供了形态学证据;Som在脑中广泛分布,提示可能作为一种神经递质或调质,发挥更为广泛的生理功能。     

化学损毁交感神经后大鼠心内神经节生长抑素的变化

应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法研究了大鼠心内神经节细胞中SS的分布及其mRNA表达。结果发现,大鼠心内神经节中有SS－IR阳性神经纤维和细胞,心内神经部分细胞浆中有SSmRNA表达,表明大鼠心内神经节细胞有SS合成和贮存。用小剂量6－OH－DA选择性损毁心内交感神经纤维后,心内神经节中SS－IR阳性神经纤维和细胞的积分光密度均有不同程度增强,反映了心内交感神经和付交感神经的相互抑制作用。     

HDAC1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义及与ER、PR的关系

目的：探讨乳腺癌组织中组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（HDAC1）的表达及临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学SP法检测78例乳腺癌组织和20例癌旁组织中HDAC1蛋白的表达情况并分析其与ER、PR之间的关系。结果：（1）HDAC1蛋白在78例乳腺癌中的阳性表达率为78.2%（61/78）,在癌旁组织中的阳性表达率为5%（1/20）,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）（2）乳腺癌组织中的HDAC1蛋白在ER或PR阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达分别高于其在ER或PR阳性乳腺癌组织中的表达（P〈0.01）结论：乳腺癌组织中的HDAC1蛋白过度表达与肿瘤发生发展密切相关。     

大鼠脊髓内生长抑素mRNA原位杂交的研究

采用地高辛标记生长抑素反意ＲＮＡ探针经原位杂交和显色后,光学显微镜下观察生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ在大鼠脊髓内的定位。结果显示：脊髓内含有大量呈紫蓝色的生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经细胞,岍性磷酸酶反应产生     

HDAC1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义及与ER、PR的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌组织中组蛋白去乙酰化酶1(HDAC1)的表达及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测78例乳腺癌组织和20例癌旁组织中HDAC1蛋白的表达情况并分析其与ER、PR之间的关系。结果:(1)HDAC1蛋白在78例乳腺癌中的阳性表达率为78.2%(61/78),在癌旁组织中的阳性表达率为5%(1/20),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)(2)乳腺癌组织中的HDAC1蛋白在ER或PR阴性乳腺癌组织中的表达分别高于其在ER或PR阳性乳腺癌组织中的表达(P<0.01)结论:乳腺癌组织中的HDAC1蛋白过度表达与肿瘤发生发展密切相关。     

大鼠尾壳核头部生长抑素mRNA的区域性表达

目的　观察尾壳核 (CP)头部背内侧区、背外侧区、腹内侧区和腹外侧区生长抑素 (SOM )mRNA阳性神经元分布特点。方法　采用原位杂交组织化学方法。结果　CP头部不同区域SOMmRNA阳性神经元的密度存在差异 ,腹内侧区SOMmRNA阳性神经元的密度明显高于其他区 (P <0 0 1)。结论　CP头部不同区域的SOMmRNA阳性神经元密度存在差异 ,这可能是CP头部不同区域机能差异的形态学基础之一。     

大鼠生后发育过程中胃肠胰生长抑素基因的表达

本实验采用地高辛精标记ｃＲＮＡ探针原位杂交技术和ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学方法,研究了大鼠生后发育过程中胃肠胰组织生长抑素（ＳＳ）基因的表达。结果显示,大鼠生后发育过程中,胃腺ＳＳ杂交阳性细胞及ＳＳ－ＩＲ细胞的密度（细胞数／ｍｍ粘膜肌长）均随天龄增长而增大,至第１５天前后达高峰,随后开始下降,至成年时,与出生时水平接近;十二指肠则在生后初期细胞密度较高,５天以后开始降低,第２０天后降至成年水平。胰腺的ＳＳ杂交阳性细胞及ＳＳ－ＩＲ细胞密度（细胞数／ｍｍ２）变化规律与胃腺相似,随天龄增大,至第１０天前后达高峰,第２０天左右降至成年水平,与出生水平接近。研究结果表明,胃肠胰组织ＳＳ基因表达与胃肠胰的生长发育具有一定的相关性。     

电惊厥及电刺激耳大神经抗惊厥时大鼠海马生长抑素的变化

本工作选用电惊厥大鼠为实验性癫痫模型,观察了电刺激耳大神经对大鼠电惊厥发作的影响,结果表明：电刺激耳大神经能抑制电惊厥诱导的大脑皮层痫样放电,并可以明显缓解惊厥症状。应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法观察了电惊厥及电刺激耳大神经抗惊厥后海马神经元生长抑素及其mRNA的变化。结果显示：电惊厥时海马CA4区、下托处生长抑素免疫反应明显减弱,生长抑素mRNA表达显著增高;电刺激耳大神经抗惊厥后,CA4区,下托处生长抑素免疫反应明显增强。生长抑素mRNA表达显著下降。提示：电惊厥时海马生长抑素释放增加,生长抑素基因表达增强,生长抑素的合成增加;电刺激耳大神经抗惊厥后海马生长抑素释放减少,生长抑素基因表达下降,生长抑素的合成减少;电刺激耳大神经对电惊厥的抑制作用与其在海马调控生长抑素基因的表达有关。     

乳腺增生病的治疗现状

乳腺增生病是最常见的乳房疾病,发病率高,占全部乳房病的75%。目前,其治疗方面,单用中药治疗虽疗效肯定,但起效较慢,如单用西药治疗虽起效快,但作用难于持续,长期服用毒副反应多,复发率较高。目前在临床上对乳腺增生病尚无疗效肯定、起效快、毒副作用小的治疗方法,本文就当前乳腺增生病的治疗及临床应用进行概括。     

乳腺生物反应器表达载体的检测方法

乳腺生物反应器研究和开发的周期长 ,成本大 ,风险高 ,在生产转基因动物之前有必要对乳腺特异性表达载体构建的合理性和有效性进行检测。综述了国内外载体检测研究的进展 ,以及这些检测方法在转基因小鼠、动物乳腺内表达法和细胞培养中的应用     

Construction and Characterization of a Goat Mammary Gland cDNA Library

A lactating goat mammary gland cDNA library was constructed by using a modified commercially available cDNA library construction kit protocol. The resulting clones were sequenced and functionally analyzed through cross-species genomic comparison to assess (1) the capacity and functional quality of the constructed library for subsequent research and (2) the efficiency of the procedural modifications. The study resulted in the construction of a high-quality mammary gland cDNA library, which was characterized by (1) the total recombinants number of 1.4 × 10⁷ colony-forming units (cfus) that was at least 10 times greater than the number expected from the application of the standard kit protocol, (2) the recombinants rate of 96%, and (3) the average insert size of 1,082 bp. BLAST analysis of sequenced clones against GenBank databases determined 55.7% of clone redundancy, 22 known function gene clusters, and 29 novel gene clusters. The analysis of the primary gene expression profile showed that 59% of the tested clones were genes that coded for milk proteins while 16% of the clones coded for ribosomal, metabolism, immune response, and translation proteins. The remaining 25% of the tested clones were described as novel genes. Cross-species comparison showed that 77% of characterized gene clusters were successfully identified by using resources from other ruminants and unrelated species. This outcome is in consonance with the common belief that the genomic resources that have been generated across species are potentially powerful tools that could be used for enhancing the molecular understanding of less genomically studied species, such as goat.     

小鼠乳腺细胞凋亡及瘦素对凋亡的影响

目的系统的研究小鼠乳腺发育周期中乳腺细胞凋亡情况,并阐明瘦素对乳腺细胞凋亡的影响。方法以小鼠乳腺为实验材料,采用TUNEL法系统地研究小鼠乳腺在青春期、妊娠期、泌乳期和退化期的整个发育周期中的细胞凋亡情况,并通过培养基中添加瘦素的方法研究瘦素对乳腺细胞凋亡的影响。结果在青春期50～60d、妊娠期10～16d、退化期1～10d检测到较多的细胞凋亡,其中退化期细胞凋亡最为显著。添加瘦素培养的乳腺细胞凋亡信号明显增多。结论小鼠乳腺发育不同时期细胞凋亡同结构和功能发育之间相互联系。同时通过小鼠乳腺组织体外培养的方法,证明瘦素在退化期乳腺组织中可明显诱导组织凋亡。     

Matrix Metalloproteinase in Mammary Gland Remodeling-Modulation by Glycosaminoglycans

Mammary gland which undergoes proliferation, differentiation and involution in adult life is a useful model system to study the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating tissue specific functions. The involution that follows weaning results in the suppression of casein gene expression, collapse of alveolar structures and degradation of basement membrane as evidenced by biochemical analysis of matrix components like proteoglycans and collagen. Differential expression of three different MMPs viz. 130 K, 68 K and 60 K with varying specificity to Col IV of basement membrane and Col I of stroma, their selective inhibition by TIMP and proteoglycans and modulation by estrogen highlight the importance of these in the remodeling of the ECM in the mammary gland. The inhibition of these MMPs by glycosaminoglycans, particularly CS and change in the concentration of CS at different stages of mammary gland development suggests the existence of a novel mechanism for the regulation of the activity of MMPs at extracellular sites.     

基因打靶技术在乳腺生物反应器中的应用

利用转基因动物的乳腺生产人类重组蛋白,可以获得安全而有效的药用蛋白.目前采用的转基因技术由于其固有的局限性,未能使乳腺生物反应器的研究取得长足的进步.基因打靶克服了随机整合的盲目性和危险性,是一种理想的修饰、改造生物遗传物质的方法.简述了制备乳腺生物反应器过程中靶细胞、基因打靶的策略、打靶位点及问题,并对其发展方向进行了小结及展望.     

人G—CSF基因组基因的克隆及其在转基因小鼠乳腺表达的研究

采用ＰＣＲ方法以正常中国人脐带血提取总ＤＮＡ为模板,扩增出１．５Ｋｂ的粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）基因组基因,序列分析证实其正确性,将其插入小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因的起支密码子ＡＴＧ臆的ＫｐｎＩ位点,使其受控于２．６ｋｂ的ＷＡＰ调控序列,从而构建乳腺表达载体ｐＷＧＧ。回收经ＥｃｏＲＩ酶切后的８．７ｋｂ片段用于显微注射,共注射１２００枚受精卵,移植至受体３４母鼠,产生仔鼠８５只,经ＰＣＲ检测     

Some Characteristics of the Night N-Acetyltransferase in the Rat Pineal Gland

Abstract: Following light on at night experiments, N-acetyltransferase level declines, at first rapidly and after 20 min more slowly. We partly characterised the night N-acetyltransferase and the residual N-acetyltransferase 20 min after light on. Both enzymes had pH optimum 6.8 and were inactivated thermally in vitro with a half time of 8 min. Pre-treatment with cycloheximide or puromycin did not block the rise in N-acetyltransferase following isoprotenerol ad-ministration shortly after light on. We propose that night N-acetyltransferase is one enzyme. After light on, the enzyme rapidly deactivates to a less active form. Isoprotenerol applied within a short time may partly reactivate the enzyme.     

Immunohistochemical Distribution and Subcellular Localization of the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 1 (sst1) in the Rat Hypothalamus

The aim of the present study was to examine the cellular and sub-cellular distribution of the somatostatin (SRIF) receptor subtype sst1 in the rat hypothalamus. Receptors were immunolabeled using an antibody directed against an antigenic sequence in the N-terminus of the receptor. Immunopositive neuronal cell bodies and dendrites were observed throughout the mediobasal hypothalamus, including the medial preoptic area, paraventricular, periventricular, and arcuate nuclei. Immunoreactive axons and axon terminals were also observed in the median eminence, suggesting that sst1 is also located pre-synaptically. Electron microscopic examination of the arcuate nucleus revealed a predominant association of immunoreactive sst1 with perikarya and dendrites. Most immunoreactive receptors were intracellular and localized to tubulovesicular compartments and organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, but 14% were associated with the plasma membrane. Of the latter, 47% were apposed to abbuting afferent axon terminals and 20% localized immediately adjacent to an active synaptic zone. These results demonstrate a widespread distribution of sst1 receptors in rat hypothalamus. They also show that somatodendritic sst1 receptors in the arcuate nucleus are ideally poised to mediate SRIF’s modulation of afferent synaptic inputs, including central SRIF effects on growth hormone-releasing hormone neurons documented in this area.Special Issue Dedicated to Miklós Palkovits.     

Muscarinic Receptors and Hydrolysis of Inositol Phospholipids in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Parotid Gland

Abstract: Exposure of rat brain or parotid gland slices to muscarinic receptor agonists stimulates a phospholipase C that degrades inositol phospholipids. When tissue slices were labelled in vitro with [³H]inositol, this response could be monitored by measuring the formation of [³H]inositol phosphates. Accumulation of inositol 1,4-biphosphate in stimulated brain slices suggests that polyphosphonositides are the primary targets for phospholipase C activity. Li⁺ (10 m M ) in the medium completely blocked the hydrolysis of inositol 1-phosphate, partially inhibited inositol 1,4bisphosphate hydrolysis, but had no effect on the hydrolysis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate by endogenous phosphatases. Muscarinic receptor pharmacology was studied by measuring the accumulation of [³H]inositol 1-phosphate in the presence of 10 m M Li⁺. In experiments on brain slices, the response to carbachol was antagonised by atropine with an affinity constant of approximately 8.79 ± 0.12. Dose-response curves to several muscarinic agonists were constructed using brain and parotid gland slices. The results are consistent with relatively direct coupling of low-affinity muscarinic receptors to inositol phospholipid breakdown in brain slices; full agonists were relatively more potent in the parotid gland compared with the brain. Explanations for these differences are suggested.