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1.
植物、植食性昆虫及捕食者种间化学信息物质   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
张学祖 《昆虫知识》1994,31(1):52-55
昆虫与植物、昆虫与昆虫之间的联系,存在一个极为复杂的信息化学网络(alleloch。micalwe),这些信息化学物质(semiochemica)引起昆虫行为和生理上的许多反应,从而形成一个多层次、巨大的生物群落网络,并协调三级营养(tritronhic)即植食性昆虫取食植物,而肉食昆虫又捕食或寄生植食性昆虫,或更多营养层次之间的关系。本文拟概述化学生态学在这方面取得的一些新进展。种内信息化学物质叫做信息素(pheromone)研究的较早,例如多种昆虫的性息素。而另一类属于种间的信息化学物质(allelochemics)则研究的较少。在任何三级营养水平…  相似文献   

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昆虫性信息素的应用   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
用性信息素防治害虫是近些年发展起来的一种治虫新技术。由于它具有高效、无毒、不伤害益虫、不污染环境等优点,国内外对这一新技术的研究和应用都很重视。许多昆虫发育成熟以后能向体外释放具有特殊气味的微量化学物质,以引诱同种异性昆虫前去交配。这种在昆虫交配过程中起通讯联络作用的化学物质叫昆虫性信息素,或性外激素。用人工合成的性信息素或类似物防治害虫时通常叫昆虫性引诱剂,简称性诱剂。昆虫体内产生和分泌的性信息素数量极少(一般每只雌虫为10-’~10-’g左右),用其防治害虫是不现实的。由于超微量分析仪器的应用和…  相似文献   

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家蚕滞育激素-性信息素合成激活肽基因的表达徐卫华(中国农业科学院蚕业研究所,江苏镇江,212000)山下兴亚(名古屋大学农学院,日本名古屋,464-01)关键词滞育激素-性信息素合成激活肽基因;发育阶段;表达;家蚕昆虫是地球上最繁盛的物种,占地球上生...  相似文献   

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昆虫聚集信息素   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
姜勇  雷朝亮  张钟宁 《昆虫学报》2002,45(6):822-832
昆虫聚集信息素是昆虫重要的信息化学物质之一,对昆虫的聚集行为有重要意义。近三十年来,国外鉴定了多种昆虫聚集信息素,主要成分为一些烃、醇、醛、酮、酯、酸、酸酐、胺以及腈类化合物,但其在有害生物可持续治理中的应用潜能尚未充分利用;昆虫聚集信息素的来源多样,除蛹外,多个虫态均有聚集信息素释放,有些学者甚至把一些寄主释放的挥发物作为聚集信息素的组分;同种昆虫,不同生理状态,其聚集信息素可以完全不同或同一信息化学物质的功能不同;但是,并非所有昆虫的聚集行为均为聚集信息素调节,利他素、性信息素以及报警信息素等其它信息化学物质均能导致一些昆虫的聚集。本文综述了5目17科55种昆虫的聚集信息素。  相似文献   

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水生无脊椎动物的化学通讯邱高峰,堵南山,赖伟(华东师范大学生物学系上海200062)关键词水生无脊椎动物,化学通讯,信息素,利己素,利它素陆生无脊椎动物昆虫化学通讯的研究已经取得了蓬勃发展,迄今为止已被分离、纯化和鉴定的昆虫信息物质有百余种,利用昆虫...  相似文献   

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昆虫滞育激素(Diapausehormone:DH)、性信息素合成激活肽(Pheromonebiosynthesisactivatingneuropeptide:PBAN)是诱导昆虫滞育和性信息素(Sexpheromone)合成的两个重要神经肽[1...  相似文献   

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卷蛾科昆虫性信息素及其提取和分离   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
傅晓燕 《生物学通报》1999,34(12):41-42
经过长期艰苦不懈地研究与实践,科学家们发现用卷蛾昆虫性信息素防治害虫是一个行之有效的途径。它具有高效、无毒、不伤害益虫和不污染环境等优点。因此对昆虫性信息素的研究成为科学家们研究的一个重点。1 卷蛾科昆虫的化学通讯与性信息素昆虫交配化学通讯的基本形式是由雌蛾释放一种特异性的性信息素,通过空间弥散,最后达到雄蛾栖息地,雄蛾受性信息素的刺激而产生一系列定向飞行和性行为,达到交配、繁衍后代的目的。鲁洛夫斯(Roelofs,1970)把雌蛾性信息素分为两类:一类称作“性信息素的主要活性成分”起刺激雄蛾作…  相似文献   

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昆虫信息化学物质的应用进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
苏茂文  张钟宁 《昆虫知识》2007,44(4):477-485
介绍昆虫性信息素(sex pheromone)、示踪信息素(trail pheromone)、聚集信息素(aggregation pheromone)、产卵(oviposition)和产卵忌避(oviposition deterring)信息化合物(semioche micals)和种间协同素(synomone)在害虫控制方面的最新应用进展,其中,重点介绍性信息素在害虫种群监测、大量诱捕和干扰交配3个方面的应用进展情况。与性信息素相比,人们对示踪信息素、聚集信息素、产卵和产卵忌避信息化合物和种间协同素的报道较少,但这些信息素也正在不断的被人们发现和利用。从一种昆虫信息素被鉴定出来,到其在生产当中很好应用,尚有很多问题需要解决,所以,文中对昆虫信息化学物质田间应用效果的影响因子进行分析。  相似文献   

9.
董红  刘孟英 《生命科学》1996,8(5):26-31
鳞翅目昆虫腺体产生和释放性信息素是由其信息素生物合成活化种经肽(PBAN)调控的。文章综述了PBAN的结构、结构与活性的关系以及PBAN的作用模式等方面的最新研究进展,可看出从3种昆虫中分离出的PBAN结构在很大程度上相似,PBAN的传递方式基本有两种,同时发现对于某些昆虫来说.除了PBAN对信息素合成的调控外,还有其它因子的参与,从而说明鳞翅目昆虫信息素合成调控所包含的机制是复杂和多样的。  相似文献   

10.
昆虫表皮碳氢化合物(cuticular hydrocarbons)是正烷烃、不饱和烃以及甲基支链烃的混合物。除了保持水分的基本功能外,还具有多种生物功能。鞘翅目昆虫(俗称甲虫)是多样性最为丰富的昆虫类群,目前对其表皮碳氢化合物研究开展颇多,主要见于化学通讯领域,内容涉及到性信息素、标记信息素、聚集信息素、化学拟态、寄主/猎物定位和识别等方面。此外,在甲虫表皮碳氢化合物组成的影响因素、表皮碳氢化合物生物合成的分子机制以及在化学分类中的应用等方面的研究也有不同程度的进展。本文对上述方面进行了系统的归纳与总结,以期为相关研究的进一步开展提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.  相似文献   

12.
The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.  相似文献   

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In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.  相似文献   

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Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.  相似文献   

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