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1.
利用机体的免疫系统对肿瘤进行清除是免疫治疗的核心内容,也是目前消灭肿瘤疾病最有前景的治疗方法之一。随着人类对肿瘤与宿主免疫系统之间相互作用的理解逐渐加深,免疫治疗得到不断的完善和丰富。本文介绍了目前免疫检查点阻断疗法和CAR-T细胞过继移植免疫疗法研究中取得的新成果和遇到的挑战,初步展望了未来的发展前景。  相似文献   

2.
肝细胞肝癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升趋势。我国是肝癌大国,每年肝癌的死亡病例数位居全球第一。免疫治疗是继手术、化疗和放疗之后新兴的癌症治疗手段,其通过解除肿瘤微环境对免疫细胞的抑制作用并激活机体免疫功能,实现控制和杀伤肿瘤细胞。常用的免疫治疗的方法有免疫检查点治疗、过继免疫治疗和肿瘤疫苗治疗等。与传统治疗手段相比,免疫治疗因具有增强机体免疫功能、延缓肿瘤进展、延长患者生存时间等优点,逐渐成为基础和临床研究的热点。文中就免疫治疗在肝癌领域的研究进展作一综述。  相似文献   

3.
肠道菌群是居住于人体肠道内的正常微生物群体。肠道菌群通常与宿主成共生关系,并与宿主的消化、代谢、免疫调节等生理活动息息相关。靶向作用于免疫检查点的免疫检查点抑制剂,作为肿瘤免疫治疗中的新星,有着逆转肿瘤免疫微环境的作用,为肿瘤治疗提供了新的希望。然而研究发现,有部分人群对免疫检查点抑制剂的治疗无响应,而导致其无响应的最主要的原因是肠道菌群的异常。因此,本文对肠道菌群与肿瘤免疫治疗特别是与免疫检查点抑制剂的研究现状进行综述。  相似文献   

4.
改善结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)患者的预后具有重要的临床和社会意义。免疫治疗是一种新兴的肿瘤治疗方式,免疫检查点抑制剂已在DNA错配修复缺陷/高微卫星不稳定型CRC的治疗中实现了良好的临床转化,占绝大多数的DNA错配修复完整/微卫星稳定型CRC患者却很难在该疗法中获益。免疫疫苗、过继性细胞疗法等其他免疫疗法的临床研究也在积极推进中,虽然展示了一定的良性结果,但仍面临着难以有效突破肿瘤抑制性微环境等诸多问题而未能获得实质性进展。本文以各种免疫治疗方案相关的临床试验为主线进行综述,以期明确CRC免疫治疗的进展,为更优治疗方案的探索提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
肺癌(lung cancer)是全球发病率及死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占肺癌的85%,其五年生存率只有15%,传统的抗肿瘤治疗方法(手术、放疗和化疗等)在抑制肿瘤进展中的作用有限,即使有手术机会,也有40%以上患者出现局部复发或远处转移。目前多学科治疗较大程度提高了晚期NSCLC的生存期,研究表明,免疫治疗(immunotherapy)可改善肺癌的预后,有望成为肺癌的重要辅助治疗方式。其中,治疗性肿瘤疫苗(vaccination)如MAGE-A3、L-BLP25、Belagenpum atucel-L等、免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibition)如ipilimumab、nivolumab、pembrolizumab等得到广泛关注。一系列临床试验表明免疫治疗可以使非小细胞肺癌的死亡率得到缓解,本文就其原理、临床试验、不良反应及有待解决问题的临床研究作系统综述。  相似文献   

6.
毛艳艳  刘丽丽  黄瑶庆 《生命科学》2021,(10):1225-1230
近年来,肿瘤免疫治疗领域发展迅速,围绕肿瘤微环境中的免疫抑制、表观遗传修饰和能量代谢等多种机制涌现出诸多新靶点.这些新兴靶点为药物临床前研究及临床应用提供了更多参考,有望改善现有肿瘤免疫疗法的不足,具有潜在的应用前景及临床价值.该文对当前肿瘤免疫新兴靶点的特性及其药物开发情况进行综述.  相似文献   

7.
嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor, CAR)是通过基因工程技术构建的融合蛋白,经其修饰的免疫细胞可以特异性靶向和杀伤表达特定抗原的肿瘤细胞。到目前为止,大多数关于CAR的研究主要集中在T细胞上。CAR-T细胞疗法在治疗恶性血液疾病方面取得了突破性进展,目前已有7款药物获批上市,研究者在不断深入研究CAR-T细胞疗法的同时也开始寻找新的免疫效应细胞, CAR自然杀伤细胞(CAR natural killer cell, CAR-NK)疗法、CAR自然杀伤T细胞(CAR NK T cell,CAR-NKT)疗法以及CAR巨噬细胞(CAR macrophage, CAR-MP)疗法逐渐成为免疫治疗的新策略。尽管围绕CAR的研究策略不断增加,该领域也依然面临一些挑战,例如有效地靶向实体瘤、减少治疗时的毒副作用。该文对以CAR为基础修饰不同效应细胞的细胞疗法的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

8.
肠道菌群是一个与人体共生的复杂微生物区系,近年来被越来越多的研究者所关注。研究发现,肠道菌群不仅在维持人体正常生理功能中起到重要作用,在肿瘤发生、发展、诊断及治疗中也有不可忽视的作用。本文在对肠道菌群与肿瘤关系进行概述的基础上,重点介绍了肠道菌群促进肿瘤发生、发展的主要机制,以及肠道菌群对抗肿瘤免疫治疗尤其是免疫检查点抑制疗法的影响。此外,文中还总结了目前可行的调节肠道菌群以提高肿瘤治疗疗效的方法,并提出了其中可能存在的困难和挑战。  相似文献   

9.
胰腺癌是一种较为难治且恶性程度极高的肿瘤,其发病隐匿,进展迅速。传统的治疗方法对胰腺癌患者效果不佳,以免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的免疫治疗在非小细胞肺癌和黑色素瘤等多种恶性肿瘤中显示出良好的效果,但对胰腺癌患者治疗效果有限,这可能与胰腺癌独特的肿瘤微环境有关。针对胰腺癌微环境中的特定位点进行靶向调节,促使肿瘤微环境由免疫抑制状态向免疫激活状态转变,可能是增强免疫检查点抑制剂治疗效果的有效策略,因此,联合免疫检查点抑制剂与靶向治疗可能在胰腺癌治疗中具有良好的应用前景。本文将对靶向胰腺癌肿瘤微环境的药物作用机制及其与免疫检查点抑制剂联合应用的策略进行综述,以期为胰腺癌的联合免疫治疗提供有效参考。  相似文献   

10.
三阴性乳腺癌是一种雌激素受体、孕激素受体阴性和人表皮生长因子受体-2低表达的乳腺癌.与其他亚型的乳腺癌相比,三阴性乳腺癌具有侵袭潜能强、复发率高、预后较差等特点,是乳腺癌中最棘手的一种类型,目前其在临床上缺少有效的治疗方案.免疫治疗作为一种新的临床治疗方法,对三阴性乳腺癌的治疗具有重要的临床意义,为患者提供了新的治疗选...  相似文献   

11.
    
Following dramatic success in many types of advanced solid tumors, interest in immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly growing. Given the compelling long-term durable remission, two programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-blocking antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab (with or without Ipilimumab), have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that is mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H). Practice-changing results of several randomized controlled trials to move immunotherapy into the first-line treatment for MSI-H metastasis cancer and earlier stage were reported successively in the past 2 years. Besides, new intriguing advances to expand the efficacy of immunotherapy to mCRC that is mismatch-repair-proficient and low microsatellite instability (pMMR-MSI-L) demonstrated the potential benefits for the vast majority of mCRC cases. Great attention is also paid to the advances in cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). In this review, we summarize the above progresses, and also highlight the current predictive biomarkers of responsiveness in immunotherapy with broad clinical utility.  相似文献   

12.
Targeted adoptive immunotherapy with engineered T cells is a promising treatment for refractory hematologic malignancies. However, many patients achieving early complete remissions ultimately relapse. Immunosuppressive ligands are expressed on tumor and supportive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). When activated, T cells express associated “checkpoint” receptors. Binding of co-inhibitory ligands and receptors may directly contribute to T-cell functional exhaustion. It is not known whether all T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are subject to checkpoint-mediated regulation. It is also unknown whether distinct CAR signaling moieties modulate T-cell responsiveness to these inhibitory pathways. We have, therefore, directly compared functional co-inhibition in engineered T cells identically targeted to the tumor-associated antigen CD123, but distinct in their mode of T-cell activation: via the endogenous T-cell receptor (ENG), or downstream of CD28 or 41BB-containing CARs. In all cases, we have observed antigen-independent T-cell activation associated with upregulation of the co-inhibitory receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279), Tim-3 and Lag-3. Notably, CD28.CAR T cells were uniquely susceptible to PD-1/PD-L1 mediated checkpoint inhibition. Together, our data indicate that PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blocking agents may be considered clinically when CD28.CAR T cells do not perform optimally in human trials.  相似文献   

13.
    
An increasing number of studies have revealed an interaction between gut microbiota and tumors. The enrichment of specific bacteria strains in the intestines has been found to modulate tumor growth and influence the mechanisms of tumor treatment. Various bacteria are involved in modulating the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs currently used to treat patients with cancer, and they affect not only gastrointestinal tract tumors but also distant organ tumors. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota are known to be involved in the antitumor immune response as well as the modulation of the intestinal immune system. As a result, the gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered as an adjuvant treatment option with other cancer treatment or as another marker for predicting treatment response. In this review, we examine how gut microbiota affects cancer treatments.  相似文献   

14.
    
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is usually a latent and asymptomatic malignancy caused by different aetiologies, which is a result of various aberrant molecular heterogeneity and often diagnosed at advanced stages. The incidence and prevalence have significantly increased because of sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, chronic infection with hepatotropic viruses and exposure to aflatoxins. Due to advanced intra- or extrahepatic metastasis, recurrence is very common even after radical resection. In this paper, we highlighted novel therapeutic modalities, such as molecular-targeted therapies, targeted radionuclide therapies and epigenetic modification-based therapies. These topics are trending headlines and their combination with cell-based immunotherapies, and gene therapy has provided promising prospects for the future of HCC treatment. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of current and advanced therapeutic approaches is discussed and the advantages and limitations of each strategy are described. Finally, very recent and approved novel combined therapies and their promising results in HCC treatment have been introduced.  相似文献   

15.
    
BackgroundThe development of brain metastases is a common problem in patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Technological advances in surgery and radiotherapy have allowed greater local control. Moreover, the emergence of targeted therapies and immunotherapy with greater activity on the central nervous system than classical chemotherapy have given way to new strategies in the treatment of brain metastases. We review the current role of local treatments, surgery and radiotherapy, and the most effective combination strategies with the new systemic treatments.Relevance for patientsBrain metastases frequently occur during the course of NSCLC. In recent years, a range of treatments have appeared, such as targeted treatments or immunotherapy, with greater activity at the brain level than classical chemotherapy. Radiotherapy treatment is also now much more conformal and ablative doses can be delivered to the volume of the metastatic area, providing greater local control and less neurological toxicity. However, surgery is still required in cases where anatomopathological specimens are needed and when compressive effects appear. An important challenge is how to combine these treatments to achieve the best control and minimise patients’ neurological impairments, especially because of limited experience with the new target drugs, and the unknown toxicity of the different combinations. Future research should therefore focus on these areas in order to establish the best strategies for the treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer.Core tipsIn this work, we intend to elucidate the best therapeutic options for patients diagnosed with brain metastases of NSCL, which include: surgery, WBRT, radiosurgery or systemic treatment, and the most effective combinations and timings of them, and the ones with the lowest associated toxicity.  相似文献   

16.
    
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer which develops from the occurrence of genetic mutations in the melanocytes. Based on the features of melanoma tumors such as location, genetic profile and stage, there are several therapeutic strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, because of the appearance resistance mechanisms, the efficiency of these treatments strategies may be reduced. It has been demonstrated that therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can improve the efficiency of melanoma therapies. Recently, several mAbs, such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, were approved for the immunotherapy of melanoma. The antibodies inhibit immune checkpoint receptors such as CTL4 and pd-1. Another therapeutic strategy for the treatment of melanoma is cancer vaccines, which improve clinical outcomes in patients. The combination therapy using antibodies and gene vaccine give us a new perspective in the treatment of melanoma patients. Herein, we present the recent progressions in the melanoma immunotherapy, especially dendritic cells mRNA vaccines by reviewing recent literature.  相似文献   

17.
    
《Cell》2023,186(6):1127-1143.e18
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18.
    
Low-grade glioma (LGG) poses significant management challenges and has a dismal prognosis. While immunotherapy has shown significant promise in cancer treatment, its progress in glioma has confronted with challenges. In our study, we aimed to develop an immune-related gene prognostic index (IRGPI) which could be used to evaluate the response and efficacy of LGG patients with immunotherapy. We included a total of 529 LGG samples from TCGA database and 1152 normal brain tissue samples from the GTEx database. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Then, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify immune-related hub genes in LGG patients and performed Cox regression analysis to construct an IRGPI. The median IRGPI was used as the cut-off value to categorize LGG patients into IRGPI-high and low subgroups, and the molecular and immune mechanism in IRGPI-defined subgroups were analysed. Finally, we explored the relationship between IRGPI-defined subgroups and immunotherapy related indicators in patients after immunotherapy. Three genes (RHOA, NFKBIA and CCL3) were selected to construct the IRGPI. In a survival analysis using TCGA cohort as a training set, patients in the IRGPI-low subgroup had a better OS than those in IRGPI-high subgroup, consistent with the results in CGGA cohort. The comprehensive results showed that IRGPI-low subgroup had a more abundant activated immune cell population and lower TIDE score, higher MSI, higher TMB score, lower T cell dysfunction score, more likely benefit from ICIs therapy. IRGPI is a promising biomarker in the field of LGG ICIs therapy to distinguish the prognosis, the molecular and immunological characteristics of patients.  相似文献   

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