大花金挖耳花蕾中精油的化学组成及其杀菌活性研究

采用GC-MS联用技术检测了阴干的大花金挖耳花蕾中精油的化学组成及相对含量,并测定了该精油对14种常见作物病原菌的抗菌活性.结果表明,大花金挖耳花蕾精油得率为2.9%,从中鉴定出53种成分,占色谱峰总面积的86.01%,主要化学成分为（E,E）-3,7,11,15-四甲基-1,6,10,14-十六烷四烯（15.33%）、甲苯（11.32%）、（3α,5α）-3,5,14,19-四羟基强心甾-20（22）-烯（6.00%）、2-乙氧基四氢呋喃（5.44%）、亚油酸（3.51%）等.杀菌实验结果表明,该精油对小麦全蚀病菌（Gaeumannomyces gramims）和小麦纹枯病菌（Rhizoctonia cerealis）抑制作用最强,在0.5 mg/mL浓度下,5 d后对这2种病菌菌丝生长的抑制率均大于97%;对小麦赤霉病菌（Fusarium graminearum）和番茄叶霉病菌（Fulvia fulva）等也有较强的抑制效果.大花金挖耳花蕾精油的化学组成及其杀菌活性研究均为首次报道.     

黄蔷薇花精油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱─质谱联用的方法,分析测定了黄蔷薇花精油的化学成分,从中分离到４５种成分,鉴定出４０种,其含量占精油总量的９２．７４％,主要的香气成分是１,８─桉油醇（１９．９４％）,苎烯（１３．４０％）,△─３─蒈烯（５．１０％）,月桂烯（３．６０％）,α─萜品醇（２．４９％）,莰烯（２．１６％）,芳樟醇（１．１５％）,β－罗勒烯─ｙ（０．８６％）,丁香酚（０．８２％）和香叶醇。     

粤北阴香不同器官中精油成分研究

采用水蒸汽同步蒸馏法分别对采自粤北的阴香的果、叶、枝条提取精油,并用气质联用仪对所提取的精油进行了成分分析和鉴定。共鉴定了41种成分,主要成分为龙脑（68．5％～73．8％）、芳香醇、丁子香烯、橙花叔醇、榄香烯、柠檬醛、莰烯、葑醇、愈创烯、香叶烯、枞萜、萜品醇、蒎烯等。阴香不同器官（果、叶、枝）中的精油成分及所占比例均有差异。     

入侵杂草加拿大一枝黄花的化感作用

测定了加拿大一枝黄花水浸提液对辣椒、番茄、萝卜、长梗白菜和小麦等五种经济作物种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:(1)高浓度的加拿大一枝黄花水浸提液对几种作物种子萌发和生长有明显的抑制作用,而低浓度下则对萝卜、长梗白菜和番茄的种子生长有一定的促进作用;(2)加拿大一枝黄花茎叶部分水浸提液的抑制作用要强于地下部分。     

多花含笑叶的挥发油成分研究

运用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用技术,结合标准谱库,对昆明产多花含笑叶的挥发油成分进行了研究,分离鉴定了42个化合物,其中单萜16个,倍半萜21个,分别占精油总含量的21＝21％和49．08％,主要成分为γ－木罗烯（12．04％）,十六碳三烯酸甲酸（7．45％）,兰桉醇（7．38％）,1,8－桉叶素（5．76％）,α－愈创木烯（5．64％）,香桧烯（4．26％）,十六碳二烯酸甲酯（4．26％）,β－槛香烯（3．76％）,β－蒎烯（3．20％）等。     

加拿大一枝黄花的精油成分

本文用气相色谱-质谱联用方法分析鉴定了杭州产的加拿大一枝黄花的叶和花序的精油化学成分,其主要成分为异大香叶烯-D。     

黔产莪术精油的化学成分研究

为了解黔产莪术药材的品质,用GC／MS从黔产获术精油中共检出67个成分,鉴定了其中37个化合物,主要成分为莪术酮（curzerenon）45．02％,莪术烯醇（curcumenol）8．31％,β-榄香烯（β-elemene）5．79％,异莪术烯醇（iso-curcumenol）4．05％,黔产莪术精油抗肿瘤活性成分较高。     

加拿大一枝黄花的精油成分

本文用气相色谱质谱联用方法分析鉴定了杭州产的加拿大一枝黄花的叶和花序的精油化学成分,其主要成分为异大香叶烯Ｄ。     

栽培地区、采收季节和株龄对迷迭香精油成分和抑菌活性的影响

采用气相色谱-质谱联用的方法,研究了不同提取部位、栽培地区、采收季节和株龄对迷迭香精油提取率、成分和抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,在贵州栽培的迷迭香叶子中精油的主要成分为α-蒎烯（31.88%–39.09%）、1,8-桉叶素（8.82%–10.97%）和樟脑（7.63%–11.59%）;茎中精油的主要成分为龙脑（26.62%–39.05%）、樟脑（11.41%–15.27%）和α-蒎烯（7.23%–17.80%）;茎中精油的抑菌活性强于叶中精油。北京地区栽培的迷迭香,其叶子中精油的主要成分为樟脑（27.92%）和L-β-蒎烯（25.28%）,抑菌活性强;茎中精油和贵州栽培的成分和活性均相似。对于采收季节,夏季采收的迷迭香精油提取率高,抑菌活性强。而株龄对精油的成分和抑菌活性影响不大。该研究为我国引种迷迭香的合理配置栽培、采收、生产条件和高效开发利用其抑菌活性提供了科学的依据。     

华南五种木兰科植物精油成分和抗氧化活性

对广东南岭自然保护区内野生的毛桃木莲（Manglietia moto）、乳源木莲（M．yuyanensis）、乐昌含笑（M．chapensis）、金叶含笑（M．foveolata）和深山含笑（M．maudiae）5种木兰科芳香植物精油进行了化学成分对比分析和抗氧化活性研究。化学成分鉴定采用气质联用技术,同时结合了保留指数比较法;精油抗氧化活性采用β-胡萝卜素漂白试验法。深山含笑芳香精油的主体成分以单萜烯为主,另外4种木兰科芳香精油所含成分均以倍半萜类为主。毛桃木莲和乳源木莲精油在成分构成上具有高度一致性,而且在主要成分上具有相似性,这可能表明它们具有非常近的植物亲缘关系。4种精油的抗脂质氧化半抑制浓度分别为6．6g／L（毛桃木莲精油）、9．8g／L（乳源木莲精油）、11．3g／L）金叶含笑精油）和12．2g／L（乐昌含笑精油）,在本试验条件下,未能测出深山含笑的半抑制浓度。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.