共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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二十一世纪是生命科学的世纪,对于高等农业院校来说是个难得的契机。生物科学的发展已影响到人们的生活水准,从衣食住行到医疗保健无不与此息息相关。由于微生物学科的发展对生命科学的贡献,决定了微生物学在生命科学中的显要地位。因此,加强农业院校微生物学科的建设,无论是对微生物学科及其相关学科的发展,还是对农业科学的发展都具有十分重要的意义。回微生物学在生命科学中的地位与作用生物学研究表明,整个生物界,无论是高等动植物还是微生物,它们之间都有着高度的生物化学同一性。但是,和动植物相比,微生物具有一些得天独厚… 相似文献
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地质微生物学:一门新兴的交叉学科 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
正地质微生物学(Geomicrobiology)涉及地质学和微生物学,是一门研究地质环境与微生物相互作用的交叉学科。没有地质微生物就没有我们现在所看到的地球,更没有地球上的动植物和人类。地质微生物在地球上无处不在、种类繁多、功能丰富,且在漫长的地质演化历史中发挥着举足轻重的作用。地质微生物决定了地球生态系统的演化方向。微生物大约占据生命进化树的2/3,具有30多亿年的地球演化历史。地球早期产氧光合作用 相似文献
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提高微生物实验教学质量的途径 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
生命科学是研究生物的多样性、生物的结构和功能、遗传和变异、起源和演化以及生物和环境关系的科学 ;将成为 2 1世纪自然科学的带头学科之一 ,在其领域中微生物学是一门实验性很强的学科 ,它有一套独特的实验技术和方法 ,并与工农业生产实践有着密切的关系。微生物学实验教学是安徽大学生命科学学院培养合格的生命科学人才的重要实践教学环节之一 ,是我校微生物实验室的主要任务。微生物学实验教学在理论联系实际、培养学生科研能力、发展智能、培养高素质的应用型人才方面起着重要作用。因此 ,加强微生物实验教学 ,如何提高实验教学质量 ,… 相似文献
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90年代日本等国家极区微生物学研究及其指导思想 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在地球的两极地区存在着大量微生物。它们不但在极区的生态与环境系统中具有重要的地位和作用,也是具有潜在开发利用价值的微生物宝藏。通过对日本及其它一些国家极区做生物学研究状况的介绍,简单阐述了90年代以来国外极区微生物学研究的基本指导思想,并结合我国的研究状况,提出了有关我国权区徽生物学研究发展方向的看法和建议。 相似文献
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噬菌体是地球生物圈里数量最多、存在最久的个体之一,也是应对抗生素耐药细菌感染的极具特点的候选制剂之一。本文分别以细菌和噬菌体的视角,从阻止噬菌体吸附、超感染排除、限制修饰系统、CRISPRCas、流产感染等方面综述了细菌抗噬菌体的机制以及噬菌体针对细菌抗性机制的应变。 相似文献
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A. Moser 《Engineering in Life Science》1992,12(2):69-78
Ecological restructuring of all areas is the most essential action needed for the future of our cultures on earth. This paper intends to clarify how human technology activities can be embedded in the cycles of the biosphere.A new quality of life will be maintainable by this concept of ecologically sustainable technology.The background of this innovation is explained in more detail and the fundamentals are eluciatated comprehensively. A series of principles of general validity are derived from the study of ecosystems in biosphere, which are to be transferred to technologies. This will result in the new technology paradigm of “ecologic process engineering” which is part of a new paradigm in sciences. 相似文献
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Daniel B. Botkin 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》1985,15(4):319-325
This paper considers the needs and potentials for the development of the biosphere. An emphasis is placed on the unusual qualities of the biosphere, such as important time lags, interactions between life and its environment at large scales, and biological evolution, which has led to large scale changes in the environment during the Earth's history. These qualities require a different approach to the development of a theory for this large scale system than has been used in the past, when the biosphere was treated as a steady-state, quasilinear system. Other aspects of the development of the science of the biosphere, including the use of remote sensing, are reviewed, and the application of these techniques to the estimation of certain biological variables is discussed. 相似文献
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《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(5):501-511
A dynamic model of the global carbon cycle is used to determine the influence of biotic amplification of weathering on the overall stability of the biosphere. It takes into account the most important processes for the long-term evolution of the Earth. The model is solved under the condition of slow changing luminosity, volcanic activity, and continental area. We find that for large enough amplification factors the system has two stable states, the abiotic and biotic solution. Furthermore, this leads to an extension of the life span of the biosphere by 0.7 Gyr compared to previous studies underestimating the effect of biogenic enhancement of weathering. It can be shown that the biosphere is resilient to random perturbation of the global carbon cycle for the next 0.5-1.0 Gyr. 相似文献
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Estelle Kilias Gerhard Kattner Christian Wolf Stephan Frickenhaus Katja Metfies 《Polar Biology》2014,37(9):1271-1287
The protist assemblage in the central Arctic Ocean is scarcely surveyed despite them being the major primary producers. Elucidating their response to changing environmental variables requires an a priori analysis of their current diversity, including abundant and rare species. In late summer 2011, samples were collected during the ARK-XXVI/3 expedition (RV Polarstern) to study Arctic protist community structures, by implementation of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and 454-pyrosequencing. Protist assemblages were related to the hydrology and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, ice coverage, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate). The abundant (≥1 %) biosphere and rare (<1 %) biosphere were considered separately in the diversity analysis in order to reveal their mutual relationships. A relation between hydrology and protist community structure was highly supported by ARISA and partially by 454-pyrosequencing. Sea ice showed a stronger influence on the local community structure than nutrient availability, making statements on the water mass influence more difficult. Dinoflagellates (Syndiniales), chlorophytes (Micromonas spp.), and haptophytes (Phaeocystis spp.) were important contributors to the abundant biosphere, while other dinoflagellates and stramenopiles dominated the rare biosphere. No significant correlation was found between the abundant and rare biosphere. However, relative contributions of major taxonomic groups revealed an unexpected stable community structure within the rare biosphere, indicating a potential constant protist reservoir. This study provides a first molecular survey of protist diversity in the central Arctic Ocean, focusing on the diversity and distribution of abundant and rare protists according to the environmental conditions, and can serve as baseline for future analysis. 相似文献
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James Hutton (1726-1797) regarded Earth as a super-organism and physiology the science to study it. A strong line of evidence for an intimate relationship of biological and abiotic processes on Earth leads from Hutton to the Gaia theory of J. Lovelock. A less known in the West but important approach to the biosphere as a self-regulating system (the biosphere theory) was proposed V.I. Vernadsky (1863-1945). The main concern of this paper revolves around the question: What is the difference between Gaia and the biosphere? To approach the problem of Earth as a super-organism one can use also the biosphere theory of V. N. Beklemishev (1890-1962), who examined the biosphere from a morphological viewpoint. 相似文献
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Polikarpov GG 《Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia / Rossi?skaia akademiia nauk》2011,51(5):565-575
The Black Sea hollow bottom is a promising research ground in the field of deep-sea radiochemoecology and exobiology. It has turned out to be at the intersection of the earth and cosmic scientific interests such as deep-sea marine radiochemoecology from the perspective of the study of extreme biogeocenological properties of the Earth biosphere and exobiology from the standpoint of the study of life phenomena (living matter) outside the Earth biosphere, i.e. on other planets and during hypothetical transfer of spores in the outer space. The potential of this ground is substantiated with the data published by the author and co-workers on accumulation of 90Sr, 137Cs and Pu isotopes with silts of bathyal pelo-contour, on the quality of deep-sea hydrogen sulphide waters (after their contact with air) for vital functions of planktonic and benthic aerobes, as well as the species composition of marine, freshwater and terrestrial plants grown from the spores collected from the bottom sediments of the Black Sea bathyal. Discussion was based on V.I. Vernadsky's ideas about the living matter and biosphere, which allowed conclusions about the biospheric and outer space role of the described phenomena. 相似文献
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Grady MM Wright I 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2006,361(1474):1703-1713
One of the goals of the present Martian exploration is to search for evidence of extinct (or even extant) life. This could be redefined as a search for carbon. The carbon cycle (or, more properly, cycles) on Earth is a complex interaction among three reservoirs: the atmosphere; the hydrosphere; and the lithosphere. Superimposed on this is the biosphere, and its presence influences the fixing and release of carbon in these reservoirs over different time-scales. The overall carbon balance is kept at equilibrium on the surface by a combination of tectonic processes (which bury carbon), volcanism (which releases it) and biology (which mediates it). In contrast to Earth, Mars presently has no active tectonic system; neither does it possess a significant biosphere. However, these observations might not necessarily have held in the past. By looking at how Earth's carbon cycles have changed with time, as both the Earth's tectonic structure and a more sophisticated biology have evolved, and also by constructing a carbon cycle for Mars based on the carbon chemistry of Martian meteorites, we investigate whether or not there is evidence for a Martian biosphere. 相似文献