首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《微生物学报》2013,(10):1079
微生物学学科的研究对象决定了它有如下两方面的显著特点:微生物作为最简单的生命体而成为生命科学研究不可替代的基本材料,由此也奠定了微生物学在生命科学中的基础地位;微生物极其丰富的生物多样性决定了它们具有代谢产物多样性,同时又与人类、动植物和环境有着密切的相互作用,使得微生物学也成为应用领域里十分活跃的一门学科。  相似文献   

2.
《微生物学报》2013,(2):216
微生物学学科的研究对象决定了它有如下两方面的显著特点:微生物作为最简单的生命体而成为生命科学研究不可替代的基本材料,由此也奠定了微生物学在生命科学中的基础地位;微生物极其丰富的生物多样性决定了它们具有代谢产物多样性,同时又与人类、动植物和环境有着密切的相互作用,使得微生物学也成为应用领域里十分活跃的一门学科。  相似文献   

3.
正微生物是地球上生物量最大的生物类群,在生物圈和地球其它各圈层的物质和能量循环中发挥着重要的作用,也在生态系统演化、地球环境变迁、资源能源形成等一系列地质过程中扮演着极其重要的角色,没有微生物也就没有地球表层系统的一系列地质过程。地质微生物学(Geomicrobiology)涉及地质学和微生物学,是一门研究地质环境与微生物相互作用的交叉学科。地球早期微生物的起源得益于地球环境的演化,而微生物活动反过来又改造地球环境,加速  相似文献   

4.
加强农业院校微生物学科建设的几点建议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
二十一世纪是生命科学的世纪,对于高等农业院校来说是个难得的契机。生物科学的发展已影响到人们的生活水准,从衣食住行到医疗保健无不与此息息相关。由于微生物学科的发展对生命科学的贡献,决定了微生物学在生命科学中的显要地位。因此,加强农业院校微生物学科的建设,无论是对微生物学科及其相关学科的发展,还是对农业科学的发展都具有十分重要的意义。回微生物学在生命科学中的地位与作用生物学研究表明,整个生物界,无论是高等动植物还是微生物,它们之间都有着高度的生物化学同一性。但是,和动植物相比,微生物具有一些得天独厚…  相似文献   

5.
地质微生物学:一门新兴的交叉学科   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
正地质微生物学(Geomicrobiology)涉及地质学和微生物学,是一门研究地质环境与微生物相互作用的交叉学科。没有地质微生物就没有我们现在所看到的地球,更没有地球上的动植物和人类。地质微生物在地球上无处不在、种类繁多、功能丰富,且在漫长的地质演化历史中发挥着举足轻重的作用。地质微生物决定了地球生态系统的演化方向。微生物大约占据生命进化树的2/3,具有30多亿年的地球演化历史。地球早期产氧光合作用  相似文献   

6.
环境微生物学是以微生物生态学和生物化学等为主要理论基础,并与农业微生物、工业微生物。医学微生物等学科互相渗透和交叉,但又彼此独立的一门综合性极强的边缘学科;它是研究微生物与人类生存环境间相互关系与相互作用的规律,特别着重研究微生物活动对人类生存环境有益与有害的影响、作用和活动规律,所以,它是一门保护环境、造福人类的新学科。目前,全国约有65—70所高等院校开设了环境微生物学课程,并已招收了该学科的  相似文献   

7.
提高微生物实验教学质量的途径   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
生命科学是研究生物的多样性、生物的结构和功能、遗传和变异、起源和演化以及生物和环境关系的科学 ;将成为 2 1世纪自然科学的带头学科之一 ,在其领域中微生物学是一门实验性很强的学科 ,它有一套独特的实验技术和方法 ,并与工农业生产实践有着密切的关系。微生物学实验教学是安徽大学生命科学学院培养合格的生命科学人才的重要实践教学环节之一 ,是我校微生物实验室的主要任务。微生物学实验教学在理论联系实际、培养学生科研能力、发展智能、培养高素质的应用型人才方面起着重要作用。因此 ,加强微生物实验教学 ,如何提高实验教学质量 ,…  相似文献   

8.
动物微生态学是研究微生物与微生物、正常微生物与动物体内环境、动物体与外界环境三者相互关系多学科相互交叉的具有细胞水平和分子水平生命科学分支。在目前的《兽医微生物学》的“绪言”中,微生物学有狭义和广义之分,其中“广义的微生物学还包括免疫学,甚至还包括寄生虫学,  相似文献   

9.
90年代日本等国家极区微生物学研究及其指导思想   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
曾胤新  陈波 《微生物学杂志》1999,19(4):35-37,43
在地球的两极地区存在着大量微生物。它们不但在极区的生态与环境系统中具有重要的地位和作用,也是具有潜在开发利用价值的微生物宝藏。通过对日本及其它一些国家极区做生物学研究状况的介绍,简单阐述了90年代以来国外极区微生物学研究的基本指导思想,并结合我国的研究状况,提出了有关我国权区徽生物学研究发展方向的看法和建议。  相似文献   

10.
21世纪是一个学科交叉与相互渗透日益明显的时代。从多学科角度出发,使用多种方法和手段研究和回答生命科学问题是现代生物学研究的重要特点之一,这为培养适应时代发展的复合型人才提出了新的挑战。本文以分枝杆菌分泌系统为例,探讨了"微生物学"课程教学中将微生物遗传、微生物生理和感染免疫进行整合教学的思路和框架,及其在本科教学中的优势。  相似文献   

11.
12.
低温环境分布最广,生物圈约80%以上的部分为常年低于5℃的低温地区,而在水环境(包括深海、极地海洋、海冰和高纬度湖泊等)中病毒的分布和含量是非常丰富的。在这些低温环境中,噬菌体在生态系统调控、全球生物地球化学循环(尤其是碳循环)、深海代谢和生物基因多样性保存等方面扮演着重要角色。该文主要对海洋和淡水湖泊中低温噬菌体的多样性进行简要综述。  相似文献   

13.
噬菌体是地球生物圈里数量最多、存在最久的个体之一,也是应对抗生素耐药细菌感染的极具特点的候选制剂之一。本文分别以细菌和噬菌体的视角,从阻止噬菌体吸附、超感染排除、限制修饰系统、CRISPR­Cas、流产感染等方面综述了细菌抗噬菌体的机制以及噬菌体针对细菌抗性机制的应变。  相似文献   

14.
Ecological restructuring of all areas is the most essential action needed for the future of our cultures on earth. This paper intends to clarify how human technology activities can be embedded in the cycles of the biosphere.A new quality of life will be maintainable by this concept of ecologically sustainable technology.The background of this innovation is explained in more detail and the fundamentals are eluciatated comprehensively. A series of principles of general validity are derived from the study of ecosystems in biosphere, which are to be transferred to technologies. This will result in the new technology paradigm of “ecologic process engineering” which is part of a new paradigm in sciences.  相似文献   

15.
This paper considers the needs and potentials for the development of the biosphere. An emphasis is placed on the unusual qualities of the biosphere, such as important time lags, interactions between life and its environment at large scales, and biological evolution, which has led to large scale changes in the environment during the Earth's history. These qualities require a different approach to the development of a theory for this large scale system than has been used in the past, when the biosphere was treated as a steady-state, quasilinear system. Other aspects of the development of the science of the biosphere, including the use of remote sensing, are reviewed, and the application of these techniques to the estimation of certain biological variables is discussed.  相似文献   

16.
《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(5):501-511

A dynamic model of the global carbon cycle is used to determine the influence of biotic amplification of weathering on the overall stability of the biosphere. It takes into account the most important processes for the long-term evolution of the Earth. The model is solved under the condition of slow changing luminosity, volcanic activity, and continental area. We find that for large enough amplification factors the system has two stable states, the abiotic and biotic solution. Furthermore, this leads to an extension of the life span of the biosphere by 0.7 Gyr compared to previous studies underestimating the effect of biogenic enhancement of weathering. It can be shown that the biosphere is resilient to random perturbation of the global carbon cycle for the next 0.5-1.0 Gyr.  相似文献   

17.
The protist assemblage in the central Arctic Ocean is scarcely surveyed despite them being the major primary producers. Elucidating their response to changing environmental variables requires an a priori analysis of their current diversity, including abundant and rare species. In late summer 2011, samples were collected during the ARK-XXVI/3 expedition (RV Polarstern) to study Arctic protist community structures, by implementation of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and 454-pyrosequencing. Protist assemblages were related to the hydrology and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, ice coverage, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate). The abundant (≥1 %) biosphere and rare (<1 %) biosphere were considered separately in the diversity analysis in order to reveal their mutual relationships. A relation between hydrology and protist community structure was highly supported by ARISA and partially by 454-pyrosequencing. Sea ice showed a stronger influence on the local community structure than nutrient availability, making statements on the water mass influence more difficult. Dinoflagellates (Syndiniales), chlorophytes (Micromonas spp.), and haptophytes (Phaeocystis spp.) were important contributors to the abundant biosphere, while other dinoflagellates and stramenopiles dominated the rare biosphere. No significant correlation was found between the abundant and rare biosphere. However, relative contributions of major taxonomic groups revealed an unexpected stable community structure within the rare biosphere, indicating a potential constant protist reservoir. This study provides a first molecular survey of protist diversity in the central Arctic Ocean, focusing on the diversity and distribution of abundant and rare protists according to the environmental conditions, and can serve as baseline for future analysis.  相似文献   

18.
James Hutton (1726-1797) regarded Earth as a super-organism and physiology the science to study it. A strong line of evidence for an intimate relationship of biological and abiotic processes on Earth leads from Hutton to the Gaia theory of J. Lovelock. A less known in the West but important approach to the biosphere as a self-regulating system (the biosphere theory) was proposed V.I. Vernadsky (1863-1945). The main concern of this paper revolves around the question: What is the difference between Gaia and the biosphere? To approach the problem of Earth as a super-organism one can use also the biosphere theory of V. N. Beklemishev (1890-1962), who examined the biosphere from a morphological viewpoint.  相似文献   

19.
The Black Sea hollow bottom is a promising research ground in the field of deep-sea radiochemoecology and exobiology. It has turned out to be at the intersection of the earth and cosmic scientific interests such as deep-sea marine radiochemoecology from the perspective of the study of extreme biogeocenological properties of the Earth biosphere and exobiology from the standpoint of the study of life phenomena (living matter) outside the Earth biosphere, i.e. on other planets and during hypothetical transfer of spores in the outer space. The potential of this ground is substantiated with the data published by the author and co-workers on accumulation of 90Sr, 137Cs and Pu isotopes with silts of bathyal pelo-contour, on the quality of deep-sea hydrogen sulphide waters (after their contact with air) for vital functions of planktonic and benthic aerobes, as well as the species composition of marine, freshwater and terrestrial plants grown from the spores collected from the bottom sediments of the Black Sea bathyal. Discussion was based on V.I. Vernadsky's ideas about the living matter and biosphere, which allowed conclusions about the biospheric and outer space role of the described phenomena.  相似文献   

20.
One of the goals of the present Martian exploration is to search for evidence of extinct (or even extant) life. This could be redefined as a search for carbon. The carbon cycle (or, more properly, cycles) on Earth is a complex interaction among three reservoirs: the atmosphere; the hydrosphere; and the lithosphere. Superimposed on this is the biosphere, and its presence influences the fixing and release of carbon in these reservoirs over different time-scales. The overall carbon balance is kept at equilibrium on the surface by a combination of tectonic processes (which bury carbon), volcanism (which releases it) and biology (which mediates it). In contrast to Earth, Mars presently has no active tectonic system; neither does it possess a significant biosphere. However, these observations might not necessarily have held in the past. By looking at how Earth's carbon cycles have changed with time, as both the Earth's tectonic structure and a more sophisticated biology have evolved, and also by constructing a carbon cycle for Mars based on the carbon chemistry of Martian meteorites, we investigate whether or not there is evidence for a Martian biosphere.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号