东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的室内捕食作用研究

【目的】为明确东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri对黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis的捕食作用及生物防治潜能。【方法】室内系统研究了东亚小花蝽不同虫态对黄胸蓟马不同虫态的捕食功能反应、寻找效应、自身密度的干扰反应与捕食选择性。【结果】东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型,东亚小花蝽5龄若虫与成虫分别对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫和成虫的捕食能力(a'/Th)最强,分别为126.64头和64.30头,捕食上限(1/Th)最大,分别为149.25头/d和84.75头/d。东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的捕食量与黄胸蓟马猎物密度正相关,但寻找效应与猎物密度呈负相关,东亚小花蝽高龄若虫与成虫对黄胸蓟马表现出较高的寻找效应。东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的捕食作用同时受自身密度的影响,随着天敌密度的增大,平均捕食率随之降低,表明东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的捕食作用存在较强的种内干扰反应,该反应符合Hassell模型方程。捕食选择性试验表明,东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的捕食偏好性最强,其次为成虫,对伪蛹喜好性较弱。【结论】东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马具有较强的捕食能力,所获研究结果为正确评价东亚小花蝽对黄胸蓟马的生防潜能提供了理论依据。     

西花蓟马对烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性风险和抗性稳定性

为明确使用新烟碱类杀虫剂烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪防治入侵害虫西花蓟马的抗性风险及抗性稳定性,本研究采用芸豆浸药法对西花蓟马敏感种群初羽化雌成虫进行连续筛选获得抗性种群,根据抗性现实遗传力计算公式分析西花蓟马对上述3种杀虫剂的抗性风险,预测其抗性发展速度,并测定抗性稳定性。结果表明: 经过30代抗性筛选,西花蓟马对烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪均达到高水平抗性(44.7、45.5和32.7倍)。西花蓟马对噻虫胺、烯啶虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性发展速度依次降低,抗性现实遗传力分别为0.1503、0.1336和0.1258。对抗性种群在无选择压力下继续饲养10代,西花蓟马对烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性水平均出现一定程度的下降,但均未能恢复到敏感性水平。抗性选育后,西花蓟马若虫与成虫对杀虫剂的敏感性差异显著缩小,西花蓟马敏感种群及抗性种群若虫对上述3种杀虫剂的敏感性显著高于成虫。西花蓟马对烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪均存在高抗风险,噻虫嗪的抗性上升速度较慢且抗性稳定性最低。因此,在西花蓟马若虫期使用噻虫嗪有利于西花蓟马防治。     

新烟碱类杀虫剂对麦扁盾蝽若虫和成虫的毒效（英文）

在伊朗, 麦扁盾蝽Eurygaster integriceps是小麦和大麦上的主要害虫。新烟碱类杀虫剂是一类具有较强活性的杀虫剂, 对刺吸式口器害虫具有良好的效果。本研究应用触杀和熏蒸两种生测方法测定了4种新烟碱类杀虫剂（噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、呋虫胺和啶虫咪）对麦扁盾蝽3龄若虫和成虫的毒效。触杀法生测结果显示, 各杀虫剂对麦扁盾蝽没有强烈的触杀活性, 但是在高浓度下（5 000 mg/L a. i.）, 可见较高的死亡率。熏蒸法生测结果显示, 所有杀虫剂对麦扁盾蝽的若虫和成虫均有较好的毒性。结果提示应用熏蒸方法可能是治理这一重要害虫的新方法。     

不同浓度噻虫嗪对点蜂缘蝽种群的跨代效应

【目的】为探明不同浓度噻虫嗪对点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris种群的跨代效应。【方法】点蜂缘蝽3龄若虫用不同浓度[LC₁₀(5.2 mg/L), LC₂₀(11.2 mg/L), LC₃₀(19.6 mg/L), LC₄₀(31.6 mg/L)和LC₅₀(49.4 mg/L)]噻虫嗪药液浸渍处理的大豆籽粒喂食24 h,存活若虫继续饲养至成虫羽化,继续繁殖建立其F₁代种群,并系统记录其F₁代种群的生长发育和繁殖情况,采用年龄-龄期两性生命表分析F₁代种群生物学参数。【结果】点蜂缘蝽3龄若虫取食不同浓度噻虫嗪处理的大豆籽粒后,其F₁代种群的发育历期和产卵前期均有所延长,其中LC₅₀噻虫嗪处理卵历期和若虫历期最长,较对照(清水)的分别延长了1.01和8.39 d; LC₂₀噻虫嗪处理成虫产卵前期最长,较对照的延长了3.54 d。噻虫嗪处理不...     

南方小花蝽对西花蓟马和蚕豆蚜的捕食作用

南方小花蝽Orius similis是多种小型害虫的重要天敌昆虫,为了掌握其控制潜能,本文研究了南方小花蝽对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis和蚕豆蚜Aphis craccivora的捕食作用。研究结果表明南方小花蝽3～5龄若虫和雌成虫对西花蓟马和蚕豆蚜的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,南方小花蝽3～5龄若虫和雌成虫对西花蓟马2龄若虫的瞬时攻击率均高于蚕豆蚜。南方小花蝽5龄若虫对蚕豆蚜的控制能力比雌成虫强,而对西花蓟马的控制能力比雌成虫差。南方小花蝽5龄若虫对西花蓟马2龄若虫和蚕豆蚜的捕食率（E）随着捕食者自身的密度（P）的增加而下降,其干扰反应方程分别为E=0.412P-1.623和E=0.416P-1.639。南方小花蝽5龄若虫对西花蓟马2龄若虫和蚕豆蚜有明显的选择性,5龄若虫喜欢取食西花蓟马2龄若虫,但前期取食的猎物对其选择性有明显的影响,更喜欢选择前期取食过的猎物。     

几种杀虫剂防治荔枝蝽的应用效果及其评价

为了筛选出对荔枝蝽Tessaratoma papillosa高效低毒低投入的药剂,在室内采用喷雾法初步测定了16种常用杀虫剂对荔枝蝽成虫的活性,进一步测定了辛硫磷、丁醚脲和氟啶虫胺腈等3种药剂对荔枝蝽成虫、1龄若虫和2龄若虫的室内毒力,并开展了3种杀虫剂对荔枝蝽的田间防效试验。室内毒力结果表明：甲氰菊酯、杀虫双、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、哒螨灵、茚虫威、虫螨腈、多杀霉素、乙基多杀霉素、灭蝇胺、异丙威等11种药剂对荔枝蝽成虫活性较低,辛硫磷、丁醚脲和氟啶虫胺腈对荔枝蝽有较高的杀虫活性,3种药剂对成虫72 h后的LC50分别为102.32、226.88和207.59 mg/L,对1龄若虫分别为42.41、120.90和87.59 mg/L,对2龄若虫分别为62.65、180.20和148.75 mg/L。在田间防效试验中,辛硫磷对荔枝蝽成虫药后1 d的防效高达82.46%;氟啶虫胺腈对荔枝蝽成虫药后1 d防效达89.23%,药后7 d防效维持在85.03%;丁醚脲对荔枝蝽成虫的最高防效为71.63%,与高效氯氟氰菊酯的防效相当。辛硫磷、丁醚脲和氟啶虫胺腈的防效投入比分别为9.68、36.25和176.41。辛硫磷投入低、速效性好且光解快,可作为防治荔枝蝽的应急药剂使用,氟啶虫胺腈和丁醚脲防效较好,但投入高,可作为对荔枝蝽有重要潜在研究价值的药剂。     

不同猎物饲喂对南方小花蝽捕食量和喜好性的影响

为探讨南方小花蝽对不同猎物的捕食喜好性,室内用西花蓟马、蚕豆蚜、二斑叶螨、混合饲料(同时饲喂3种猎物)分别饲喂南方小花蝽驯化两代,研究了4种饲喂处理的南方小花蝽初孵若虫、5龄若虫和雌成虫对西花蓟马、蚕豆蚜和二斑叶螨的捕食量和喜好性。结果显示不同猎物饲喂处理驯化的南方小花蝽1龄若虫对同一种猎物的捕食量和喜好性均不存在显著差异。南方小花蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫对某种猎物的捕食量因前期取食的猎物种类不同而有显著差异。南方小花蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫均表现出对西花蓟马2龄若虫的正喜好性。蚕豆蚜饲喂处理的5龄若虫和雌成虫对蚕豆蚜表现出正喜好性,除二斑叶螨饲喂处理外其余3种处理的南方小花蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫均表现出对二斑叶螨的负喜好性。以上结果表明4种饲喂驯化处理的南方小花蝽1龄若虫的喜好性不受前期取食猎物的影响,但5龄若虫和雌成虫对前期取食过的猎物的喜好性增强,存在一定的学习行为。     

六种新烟碱类杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂的毒性及风险评估

【目的】为评价新烟碱类杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata的毒性和风险性。【方法】分别采用饲喂法和接触法测定了啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、氟啶虫胺腈、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂雌成蜂的24 h和48 h的急性经口和接触毒性。并依据农药对蜜蜂生态风险的危害熵值(hazard quotient,HQ)评估其对凹唇壁蜂的风险性。【结果】经口毒性测定中,氟啶虫胺腈对凹唇壁蜂雌蜂毒性最高,噻虫嗪毒性最低;接触毒性测定中,噻虫胺对凹唇壁蜂雌蜂毒性最高,氟啶虫胺腈毒性最低。啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉对凹唇壁蜂表现为中等风险;噻虫胺经对凹唇壁蜂表现为高风险。氟啶虫胺腈和呋虫胺经接触途径表现为中等风险,而经口途径表现为高风险。【结论】本研究所选的6种新烟碱类杀虫剂对凹唇壁蜂雌成蜂的毒性均为高毒。在果园中应尽量避免使用噻虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈及呋虫胺,在植物花期谨慎使用啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉等新烟碱类杀虫剂。     

八种新烟碱类杀虫剂对地熊蜂工蜂的毒性及风险评估

【目的】评价新烟碱类杀虫剂对地熊蜂Bombus terrestris工蜂的毒性和生态风险性,为温室施用新烟碱类杀虫剂提供科学依据。【方法】分别采用饲喂法和接触法测定了噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫啉和氟吡呋喃酮8种新烟碱类杀虫剂对地熊蜂成年工蜂的急性经口和急性接触毒性。同时评估了8种新烟碱类杀虫剂对地熊蜂工蜂的生态风险性。【结果】8种杀虫剂经饲喂法测定,噻虫胺对地熊蜂成年工蜂的毒性最高,24 h和48 h的LD 50值分别为0.0433和0.0330μg a.i./蜂;氟吡呋喃酮毒性最低,24 h和48 h的LD 50值分别为72.4119和67.9079μg a.i./蜂。接触法测定的毒性与饲喂法测得的结果一致,噻虫胺的毒性最高,24 h和48 h的LD 50值分别为0.0220和0.0192μg a.i./蜂;氟吡呋喃酮的毒性最低,24 h和48 h的LD 50值分别为141.7641和130.3062μg a.i./蜂。生态风险评估表明,啶虫脒、噻虫啉和氟吡呋喃酮对地熊蜂成年工蜂的经口毒性和接触毒性均表现为低风险,吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺和呋虫胺的毒性表现为中等风险。噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对地熊蜂成年工蜂的经口毒性表现为中等风险,而接触毒性则表现为高风险。【结论】检测的8种新烟碱类杀虫剂中啶虫脒、噻虫啉与氟吡呋喃酮对地熊蜂成年工蜂的毒性为低毒,而噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺这5种杀虫剂均为高毒。在设施蔬菜花期使用地熊蜂授粉时,建议禁用这5种中、高风险的新烟碱类杀虫剂,以避免对熊蜂授粉的危害,而另3种低风险药剂可根据田间试验情况合理施用。     

新烟碱类杀虫剂对新菠萝灰粉蚧的毒力

新菠萝灰粉蚧Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley是近年我国新发现的一种外来物种,是危害剑麻的主要害虫之一,本研究旨在筛选出防治新菠萝灰粉蚧的有效杀虫剂。采用喷雾法测定了啶虫脒、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺等5种新烟碱类杀虫剂对新菠萝灰粉蚧不同虫态的室内毒力。研究结果表明:5种新烟碱类杀虫剂对新菠萝灰粉蚧均有显著的触杀作用,对新菠萝灰粉蚧的毒力随着龄期的增长而减小。其中,烯啶虫胺对新菠萝灰粉蚧的毒力最高,对新菠萝灰粉蚧1龄、2龄、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LC_(50)分别为0.1406 mg/L、0.1550 mg/L、0.3870 mg/L和0.5060 mg/L。啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的毒力低于烯啶虫胺,呋虫胺和噻虫胺的毒力最低。不同龄期新菠萝灰粉蚧对同一药剂的敏感性表现为:1龄2龄3龄雌成虫。烯啶虫胺对新菠萝灰粉蚧的触杀毒力最好,可作为防治新菠萝灰粉蚧的备选药剂。     

不同药剂对褐飞虱作用特性的比较

为高效和合理利用化学药剂防治褐飞虱Nilaparvta lugens( St(a)l),采用浸苗法和喷雾法测定了噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、氯噻啉和乙虫腈5种药剂对褐飞虱的作用活性和速度,同时还比较了噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱不同龄期若虫的作用活性.结果表明,在5种供试药剂中,从作用活性来看,无论是用浸苗法...     

Acute and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and pymetrozine on an important egg parasitoid,Trichogramma ostriniae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Both neonicotinoids and pymetrozine are important insecticides and may have the potential to be used in combination with natural enemies in integrated pest management (IPM). However, to determine their compatibility with biological control, it is necessary to examine the side effects of these chemicals on natural enemies. We examined the acute and sublethal effects of four commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram and thiamethoxam, and the pyridine azomethine, pymetrozine, on adults of Trichogramma ostriniae. By analysing acute toxicity and evaluating the safety quotient of these chemicals, we found that thiamethoxam and dinotefuran pose extremely high risks to T. ostriniae, imidacloprid and nitenpyram posed high risks, but pymetrozine was found to have a low risk. In terms of sublethal effects, longevities of female wasps were significantly shortened when they were exposed to residues of dinotefuran. Percentages of ovipositing females decreased significantly after exposure to pymetrozine, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran. Numbers of offspring per female were significantly lower when females were exposed to pymetrozine, dinotefuran or thiamethoxam, compared with control females. Percentages of offspring that emerged as adults were lower when parental females were exposed to either pymetrozine or imidacloprid. Based on the results of the sublethal concentration assay and the acute toxicity bioassay, nitenpyram would be safe for IPM programmes utilising T. ostriniae, and we suggest that T. ostriniae could be released safely after foliar applications of nitenpyram. However, foliar application of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran or pymetrozine in an agro-ecosystem where T. ostriniae is a predominant biocontrol agent should be carefully evaluated.     

白背飞虱SfABCD1对杀虫剂胁迫的响应表达

[目的]ABC转运蛋白(ATP-binding cassette transporter,ABC transporter)是一个庞大的膜转运蛋白超家族,在昆虫生长发育和抗药性方面具有重要作用.本研究旨在通过克隆白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera ABCD1基因,并测定其在杀虫剂胁迫下的表达模式,为后续的功能...     

褐飞虱和白背飞虱对几类杀虫剂的敏感性

为了科学用药和抗性治理提供理论基础, 采用稻茎浸渍法测定了2008年7月采自浙江省杭州市和宁波市褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性及褐飞虱和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)种群对16种杀虫剂的敏感性。褐飞虱抗药性测定结果表明, 与相对敏感品系相比, 杭州种群和宁波种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数分别为479.0倍和366.1倍; 对氯噻啉的抗性倍数分别为81.1倍和50.9倍; 对噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为10.3倍和9.4倍; 对噻嗪酮和氟虫腈分别产生了5.0~8.6倍和15.8~17.0倍的抗药性; 对烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的抗性倍数在3倍以下。两种稻飞虱对杀虫剂的敏感性测定结果表明: 噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱对褐飞虱和白背飞虱种群都具有较高的室内毒力。当田间褐飞虱和白背飞虱混合发生时, 可选用噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、烯啶虫胺和毒死蜱进行防治, 不宜使用吡虫啉、氯噻啉和氟虫腈防治。     

Dose-response relationships of clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam to Blissus occiduus (Hemiptera: Blissidae)

The western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae), has emerged as a serious pest of buffalograss, Buchlod dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann. In general, neonicotinoid insecticides effectively control a variety of turfgrass insects, particularly phloem-feeding pests. However, because of well documented inconsistencies in control, these compounds are generally not recommended for chinch bugs. This study was designed to document the contact and systemic toxicity of three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) to B. occiduus. In contact bioassays, thiamethoxam was approximately 20-fold less toxic than clothianidin or imidacloprid to B. occiduus nymphs and three-fold more toxic to adults. In adult systemic bioassays, thiamethoxam was up to five-fold more toxic than clothianidin or imidacloprid. Interestingly, thiamethoxam was significantly more toxic to adults than to nymphs in both contact and systemic bioassays. This was not observed with clothianidin or imidacloprid. Bifenthrin, used for comparative purposes, exhibited 1844-fold and 122-fold increase in toxicity to nymphs and adults, respectively. These results provide the first documentation of the relative toxicity of these neonicotinoid insecticides to B. occiduus.     

抗吡虫啉棉蚜对其他新烟碱类药剂的交互抗性及相关酶的活性变化

为明确抗吡虫啉棉蚜Aphis gossypii对其他新烟碱药剂交互抗性及相关酶活性的变化, 本研究以室内筛选的棉蚜吡虫啉抗性种群、山东夏津县田间多抗种群和敏感种群为材料,采用生测法测定了这3种不同抗性种群棉蚜对呋虫胺和烯啶虫胺的交互抗性,以及3种解毒酶抑制剂对吡虫啉等药剂的增效作用,采用生化分析法测定了这3个种群棉蚜解毒酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性和药剂的抑制作用。结果表明：吡虫啉抗性种群、夏津田间多抗种群的棉蚜对呋虫胺均无交互抗性,但对烯啶虫胺的交互抗性分别达5.28和4.89倍。呋虫胺对抗吡虫啉棉蚜的羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶都有显著的抑制作用;烯啶虫胺对抗吡虫啉棉蚜的羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶及谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的抑制作用较小。羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP和多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO对吡虫啉和烯啶虫胺都有明显的增效作用,但对呋虫胺的增效作用不明显; 谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶抑制剂DEM对3种药剂均没有明显的增效作用。呋虫胺和烯啶虫胺都可以抑制抗吡虫啉棉蚜的解毒酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶,其中以呋虫胺的抑制效果较为显著。结果显示呋虫胺在抗吡虫啉棉蚜治理中的应用价值较大,其结构可为今后新烟碱类药剂的开发提供参考。     

利用功能反应模型评价球孢白僵菌对东亚小花蝽捕食二斑叶螨的影响

【目的】天敌昆虫和生防菌剂的应用都是害虫生物防治的有效手段,在生产中通过两者联合进行害虫的生物防治具有极强的应用前景和潜在的防控增效作用,然而生防菌对天敌的安全性评价是必不可少的。本研究旨在评估球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana与东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri联合应用进行害虫生物防治的可行性。【方法】测定了东亚小花蝽5龄若虫经2种不同浓度的球孢白僵菌孢悬液(常规浓度: 1×10⁷孢子/mL; 低浓度: 5×10³孢子/mL)和孢子粉(1×10⁷孢子/头)处理后成虫羽化率以及经上述处理后的东亚小花蝽5龄若虫对不同密度下的二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae雌成螨的捕食能力。【结果】东亚小花蝽5龄若虫经白僵菌孢子粉(1×10⁷孢子/头)处理后,成虫羽化率显著降低,其余处理的成虫羽化率与对照无显著差异。3个处理组中东亚小花蝽5龄若虫对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食功能反应均符合HollingII型,搜寻效应随猎物密度增加逐渐降低。经低浓度球孢白僵菌孢悬液(5×10³孢子/mL)处理的东亚小花蝽5龄若虫的理论日最大捕食量(N_a-max)最高,猎物处理时间最短(T_h),搜寻效应回归线随猎物密度增加下降趋势最小;而球孢白僵菌孢子粉处理的东亚小花蝽5龄若虫理论日最大捕食量最低,猎物处理时间最长。【结论】低浓度的白僵菌孢悬液对东亚小花蝽5龄若虫对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食能力无影响,而孢子粉对该天敌5龄若虫捕食二斑叶螨雌成螨造成不利影响。本研究初步证明低浓度白僵菌孢悬液与东亚小花蝽联合应用防控二斑叶螨具有可行性。     

Fumigant toxicity of plant essential oils to Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Orius strigicollis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

The fumigant toxicity of 92 plant essential oils to adult Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Orius strigicollis Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) was examined by using a vapor phase toxicity bioassay and compared with those of dichlorvos, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, and thiamethoxam, four commonly used insecticides. Responses varied according to oil type and insect species. As judged by 24-h LC50 values, pennyroyal oil (2.63 mg/liter air) was the most toxic fumigant and was 23.6-fold more toxic than dichlorvos (62.09 mg/liter air) against adult T. palmi. Potent fumigant toxicity (LC50, 11.03-19.21 mg/liter air) was observed in armoise, basil, cedarleaf, coriander, cypress, howood, hyssop, marjoram, myrtle, niaouli, rosemary, and sage (Dalmatia) oils. Neither emamectin benzoate, spinosad, nor thiamethoxam exhibited fumigant action. Against adult O. strigicollis, dichlorvos (LC50, 6.3 x 10(-6) mg/liter air) was the most toxic fumigant, whereas the LC50 values of the 13 essential oils ranged from 17.29 to 158.22 mg/liter air. O. strigicollis was 1.4-22.1 times less susceptible than T. palmi to the essential oils. The essential oils described merit further study as potential fumigants for the control of T. palmi in greenhouses.