缘蝽科四种昆虫同工酶鉴别（半翅目：缘蝽科）

本研究运用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳技术对缘蝽科4个种的酯酶同工酶进行了检测,酯酶酶谱可分为4个区,酯酶酶谱在属间表现明显差异,在属内具有某些共性,聚类分析显示4个种的分类地位,并说明性别差异大于个体差异但小于种间差异。     

斑翅蝗科部分种类的酯酶同工酶研究：（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对斑翅蝗科（Ｏｅｄｉｐｏｄｉｄａｅ）６属８个种进行了酯酶同工酶的研究,共显示３０条迁移率不同的酶带,根据酶带迁移距离的不同,可以分为５个泳动区。通过ＥＳＴ同工酶酶带的聚类分析,对斑翅蝗科部分种类的分类问题进行了探讨。     

中国苋属植物酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳技术对中国苋属植物１３种的酯酶同工酶谱进行了研究。结果表明：苋属植物酯酶同工酶有２条属的标志带在生化水平上认为是一个自然的分类群;     

六种石磺科贝类超氧化物歧化酶和酯酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳分离技术对中国东南沿海的石磺科6种石磺的腹足、肝胰脏两种组织的超氧化物歧化酶和酯酶同工酶进行分析.明确了其酶谱的特征及分布,并利用聚类分析方法对种间的亲缘关系进行了研究.同工酶聚类分析显示,紫色疣石磺(Peronia verruculata)和小紫疣石磺(Peronia sp.)的亲缘关系最近;里氏拟石磺(Paraoncidium reevesii)和白底拟石磺(Paraoncidium sp.)聚为一类;平疣桑椹石磺(Platevindex mortoni)和瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)聚为一类.种间的个体酶谱表型有差异,同属的种间差异小于不同属的种间差异.酶谱的差异程度与形态分类学中的亲缘关系相近.利用超氧化物歧化酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱表型也可以作为一种蛋白分子标记应用于石磺科属种的分类鉴定.     

苦丁茶冬青不同种质材料的酯酶同工酶分析

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳比较了苦丁茶冬青共50份种质材料酯酶同工酶的酶谱差异,计算了供试种质材料间的Jaccard相似性系数,并运用UPGMA法进行聚类分析。研究结果表明,供试的50份苦丁茶冬青种质材料共显示出其13条谱带,材料间的酯酶同工酶酶谱差异显著,其具体表现在迁移率、酶带数目和酶带强弱的显著不同,呈现出丰富的多态性。基于酯酶酶谱的50份供试种质材料间的相似系数变化范围在0.3000～1.0000之间,UPGMA法聚类结果与不同种质材料的地理起源有显著的相关性。聚类结果可以把不同地域起源的材料分开,而同一地域来源的材料则归聚在一起。酯酶同工酶的分析结果可以作为评价苦丁茶冬青种内遗传多样性以及种下类群划分的重要参数之一。     

叶甲科三亚科十三种叶甲酯酶同工酶的研究(鞘翅目,叶甲总科)

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析研究了叶甲科3亚科13种昆虫的酯酶同工酶.结果显示,其聚类结果与传统分类结果基本相一致,说明以酯酶同工酶作为研究手段来进行叶甲类昆虫亚科以下阶元的分类是可行的,同时也说明了它们酯酶同工酶酶谱的差异和其分类地位是一致的;但跳甲亚科和叶甲亚科先聚为一类,再与萤叶甲亚科聚为一类,与前人的研究有差异,作者认为:酯酶同工酶的编码基因可能是快进化单位,在解决亚科以下阶元的系统关系时是很好的分子标记,而对于研究叶甲科、亚科间的系统关系,就不一定很合适.     

三种微蛛酯酶同工酶的比较

本文对农田常见三种微蛛的酯酶同工酶进行了比较研究,结果表明:三种微蛛的酯酶同工酶共有18条Rf值不同的酶带,但同种不同发育阶段、不同性别的酯酶同工酶带数不同,而对种间来说其酯酶同工酶谱具有种的特异性。     

安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离同工酶,首次分析了安徽产石蒜属６种植物十一个居群的过氧化物酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶三种酶同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并用数量分类方法,对酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ法）。结果表明：１、过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶酶谱均显示出居群间的差异,而苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱居群间共性很大。２、酶谱特征显示,三种酶系统在居群间或居群间的差异,但种间居群的酶谱差异明显大于种内居群的差     

柑桔近缘植物酯酶同工酶的研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了柑桔近缘植物14个种群的种子及幼苗的酯酶同工酶,根据酶谱及扫描图的异同,分析了彼此的亲缘关系,试验结果表明,柑桔近缘植物种属间的酯酶同工酶的酶带数目,酶活性,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一品种不同发育时期的同工酶也具有不同表现形式,特别是柑桔种子的酯酶同工酶谱一般较稳定,可以作为柑桔亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

柑桔近缘植物酯酶同工酶的研究

本文用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定了柑桔近缘植物14个种群的种子及幼苗的酯酶同工酶,根据酶谱及扫描图的异同,分析了彼此的亲缘关系,试验结果表明,柑桔近缘植物种属间的酯酶同工酶的酶带数目,酶活性,迁移率及酶谱扫描均有不同程度的差异,同一品种不同发育时期的同工酶也具有不同表现形式,特别是柑桔种子的酯酶同工酶谱一般较稳定,可以作为柑桔亲缘关系的生化遗传指标。     

新疆天山地区雏蝗属一新种(直翅目,网翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆天山地区雏蝗属1新种,即天山雏蝗Chorthippus tianshanensis sp.nov.,新种近似于红胫雏蝗Chorthippus rufitibis Zheng,1989,主要区别为:1)前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区的1.1倍;2)前翅较狭长,翅长为宽的4.1倍;3)前缘脉域宽为径脉分支处宽的1.7倍;4)前缘脉域宽为亚前缘脉域宽的2.6倍;5)后足胫节黄褐色.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室及山西大学生命科学与技术学院.     

毛乌素沙漠南缘沙区不同科蝗虫酯酶同工酶研究

应用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续电泳技术 ,分析分布于毛乌素沙漠南缘风沙区蝗总科中5科 1 0属 1 1种EST同工酶的多态现象。研究结果表明 ,同一个体不同体段的酶谱有一定的差异 ,其中以体壁活性最高 ;在不同科属间、同种不同个体间及性别的酶谱也有所差异 ,但这种差异远小于种间差异。     

陕西北部雏蝗属一新种(直翅目:网翅蝗科)

记述采自陕西北部的网翅蝗科雏蝗属Chorthippus1新种,即吴旗雏蝗Chorthippuswuqiensis,sp.nov.,该新种近似于陇东雏蝗ChorthippuslongdongensisZheng,1984,二者的区别见表1。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。正模:♂,陕西吴旗县(36?33'N,108?10'E),2004-Ⅷ-20,王延峰采。     

三种杜拉属（Drawida）蚯蚓的酯酶同工酶的初步研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法，对寡毛纲杜拉属三种蚯蚓进行酯酶同工酶酶谱分析。其结果表明，同属蚯蚓具有几条相似的酶谱区带，而不同种蚯蚓又具有各自独特的酶谱带，种间酶谱区带数目、泳动率及染色强度都有明显区别。雅和杜拉蚓酶谱图和天锡杜拉蚓相似，而与管状杜拉蚓相差较远，表明同属蚯蚓在进化水平上的亲缘关系。     

沙棘属植物的分布格局及其成因

本文首先从植物类群、分布地域和垂直分布角度分别论述了沙棘属植物的地理分布概况,指出沙棘属在植物区系地理上,属旧世界温带分布类型;在区系成分上,是森林─—草原过渡带的成员;横断山及其毗邻的东喜马拉雅地区,是该属植物的类群分布中心、类群分化中心和原始类群中心。并对类群分布的地理替代现象、该属植物成林的丛片性特征以及果实中植化组成分与类群分布、类群进化间的相互关系进行了论述。文章最后着重对该属植物分布区格局的形成与该属植物起源的生态地理环境、散布的时间、路线以及繁育方式之间的关系进行了分析。     

嵩草属地理分布的研究

嵩草属Kobresia Willd.隶属于莎草科,全世界有64种5变种,中国有49种4变种,属下分为4个组。该属主要分布于北半球温带至寒带,亚洲种类最多,主要集中分布于喜马拉雅山地区和横断山地区。上述两地共有总数的90％以上的种类。因此,喜马拉雅-横断山地区为嵩草属的分布中心。与嵩草属最近缘的属Schoenoxiphium只分布在马达加斯加和非洲东南部山地。两个属可能有共同的祖先,发生于冈瓦纳古陆。随着印度板块与非洲大陆分离并向北方漂移,嵩草属的祖先被带到欧亚大陆,在两个板块相遇处——喜马拉雅-横断山地区产生了现在的嵩草属。其后,喜马拉雅山脉进一步抬升,气候与环境发生巨变,嵩草属也进一步分化形成现在的规模。印度板块在早第三纪与欧亚大陆相连接,嵩草属可能就是此时起源于喜马拉雅山地区,并开始分化,且沿北半球的山系向北扩散到欧洲和西伯利亚,又从欧洲到格陵兰再到加拿大东部,从西伯利亚通过白令海峡到阿拉斯加并沿落基山脉南下达到美国的科罗拉多,形成了嵩草属现今的分布格局。     

COMPARISON OF SEED PROTEINS IN THE GENUS SUAEDA (CHENOPODIACEAE) BY MEANS OF DISC GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis was utilized to determine seed protein patterns in ten taxa within the genus Suaeda. The results indicated a close relationship, averaging 92.2 %, similarity between the seed protein patterns of S. maritima var. macrocarpa, S. maritima var. vulgaris, and S. maritima var. flexilis. These intraspecific forms were more similar to one another than to any of the other taxa investigated. A continental North American species, S. depressa, was related to the S. maritima complex, and its protein pattern indicates that it may have evolved from S. maritima. The technique of disc electrophoresis proved useful in assessing the degree of similarity between taxa within the genus Suaeda.     

Role of C-heterochromatin in variation of nuclear DNA amount in the genus Chorthippus (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

Nuclear DNA amounts of nine species of grasshopper genus Chorthippus were determined in populations of southern Spain. There were significant differences between species, and between populations within certain species, for this character. Measurements of chromosomes in C-banded mitotic metaphase cells enabled the relative amounts of positively and negatively C-banded chromatin to be ascertained. This demonstrated that variations observed in nuclear DNA amount are due to changes in both types of chromatin but those in C-heterochromatin are much more important.     

Genetic Variation and Relationships Within Taxus and Between the Genus and Pseudotaxus in China

In the present paper, genetic diversity of 12 populations of four Taxus taxa and one species of monotypic genus Pseudotaxus in China were studied by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Seven enzymes encoded by nine loci were assessed. Genetic diversity within 5 taxa were relatively high with the proportion of polymorphic loci ( P ) ranging from 44.4 % to 77.8 %, average number of alleles per locus (A) from 1.6 to 2.1; mean expected and observed heterozygosity ( He, Ho) per locus from 0. 065 to 0.152 and 0. 068 to 0.111, respectively. Combined with the analysis of other characters, the results from allozyme analysis suggest that there be very close relationships between the three species and one variety in Taxus, with high genetic identities (I) between them(from 0. 727 to 0. 995) except those between T. yunnanensis and other taxa in Taxus (0. 727～ 0. 804). Consequently, we propose that these taxa in Taxus be treated as different geographical races within a single species. Also the taxonomic position of Pseudotaxus as a distinct genus is supported by ourallozyme data.     

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN THE MORPHOLOGICALLY REDUCED DWARF MISTLETOES (ARCEUTHOBIUM,VISCACEAE): AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY

Arceuthobium is a well defined genus of obligate parasites of conifers. Assessment of taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships in this group is difficult owing to morphological reductions and complex host relationships. In the present study, genetic relationships within and among 19 taxa were examined using starch gel electrophoresis of triploid seed endosperm tissue. Allelic frequency data for eleven polymorphic loci were derived from analysis of 40 natural populations collected from the U.S. and Mexico. The genus showed remarkably high levels of genetic diversity: averaged across the 19 taxa, 66.7% of the loci were polymorphic with an average of 2.23 alleles per locus. This level of polymorphism is approximately double the average value reported for many dicotyledons and stands in contrast to the overall uniform morphology of these parasites. Unweighted pair group cluster analysis (UPGMA) of genetic similarity measures was conducted for all sampled populations and the results compared to a phenetic system of classification for the genus. Similarities between the two studies include the recognition of two subgenera based upon the segregation of the verticillately branched Arceuthobium americanum from the remainder of the taxa examined. Analysis of isozyme data supported a grouping of six taxa: A. vaginatum ssp. cryptopodum, A. vaginatum ssp. durangense, A. gillii, A. rubrum, A. divaricatum, and A. douglasii. The placement of the latter three taxa in other groups by phenetic criteria provides evidence for molecular divergence not seen using morphological features. The Campylopodum group of taxa comprised eleven members that were linked at similarity values of 80% or greater. Populations were not unambiguously grouped according to species as defined by the phenetic study or at similarity levels comparable to other well defined species in this study. This group is either not reproductively isolated or molecular differentiation is cryptic due to rapid adaptive radiation onto numerous host tree species.