沙泥蜂属一新种记述（膜翅目：泥蜂科）

记述了采自我国新疆的沙泥蜂属１新种,伪海沙泥蜂Ａｍｍｏｐｈｉｌａ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｈｅｙｄｅｎｉ Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｈｅ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与Ａ．ｈｅｙｄｅｎｉ Ｄａｈｉｌｏｍ相似,但唇基前缘形状、盾片和并胸腹节背区的皱纹、腹柄明显长于后足跗节Ⅰ＋Ⅱ长度、雄性腹柄仅短于后足胫节长的１／５￣１／６以及体色和雄性外生殖器等特征明显有别。正模♀,副模４♀♀,８♂♂,均采自我国新疆。模式标本分别保存在浙江农业大学     

中国沼梭科三新种(鞘翅目)

本文记述中国重庆北碚沼梭科３新种,正模保存在西南师范大学生命科学系（重庆、北碚）,副模保存在中国科学院动物研究所（北京）。１． Ｐｅｌｔｏｄｙｔｅｓａｓｃｈｎａｅ, 新种（图１～８ａ）本种相似于ＰｅｌｔｏｄｙｔｅｓｃｏｏｍａｎｉＰｅｓｃｈｅｔ, 但鞘翅斑纹和雄性外生殖器形状均不相同,后者鞘翅斑纹较小。正模：♂,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １１, Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采;副模：６♀♀,５♂♂,同正模;１♀,重庆北碚晋云山,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １２, Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采;２♂♂,３♀♀,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １６,Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采。２． Ｈａｌｉｐｌｕｓｒｉｓｈｗａｎｉ, 新种（图９～６）本种前胸背板基褶相似于ＨａｌｉｐｌｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＳｈａｒｐ, 但鞘翅色斑和雄性生殖器形状不同。正模：♂,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １１,Ｄ．Ｍａｋｈａｎ采;副模１３♂♂,２０♀♀,同正模;１♂,重庆北碚,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １０,Ｄ．Ｍａｋｈａｎ采;２♂♂,重庆北碚晋云山,１９９８－ Ⅵ－ １２,Ｄ． Ｍａｋｈａｎ 采。３． Ｈａｌｉｐｌｕｓａｍｒｉｓｈｉ, 新种（图１７～２４）本种相似于ＨａｌｉｐｌｕｓｄｉｏｐｕｓＧｕｉｇｎｏｔ, 但     

山西星粉蚧属二新种记述（同翅目：蚧总科：粉蚧科）

本文记述采自中国山西的星粉蚧属２新种,模式标本保存在山西农大蚧虫研究中心。１．无脐星粉蚧Ｈｅｌｉｏｃｏｃｃｕｓａｃｉｒｃｕｌｕｓ,新种（图１）本新种与Ｈ．ＢａｏｔｏｕｉＴａｎｇ,１９８８为本属中无腹脐者。两种的区别在于后种星管腺２种,且多;而新种星管腺１种,且少。正模♀,蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｓｐ．）,山西沁水,１９９５－Ⅶ－２１,武三安采;副模１２♀♀,同正模;５♀♀,青蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａａｐｉａｃｅａ）,其它同正模２．苜蓿星粉蚧Ｈｅｌｉｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｍｅｄｉｃａｇｉｃｏｌａ,新种（图２）本新种与Ｈ．ｐａｖｌｏｖｓｋｉＢｏｒｃｈｓｅｎｉｕｓｅｔＴｅｒｅｚｎｉｋｏｖａ,１９５９相近,其区别在于新种星管腺少,只在后体部存在,而后种星管腺多,在体背缘成纵列。正模♀,苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏｓａｔｉｖａ）,山西沁水,１９９５－Ⅶ－２２,武三安采;副模６♀♀,同正模     

中国费氏茧蜂属新种和新记录种记述(膜翅目:茧蜂科:蝇茧蜂亚科)

本文记述了中国费氏茧蜂属的3个新种：匙胸费氏茧蜂F.mystrium,sp．nov．,锐费氏茧蜂F.oxoestos,sp．nov．,疏纹费氏茧蜂F.spanistriae,sp．nov．,和1中国新记录种：齿唇费氏茧蜂Fopius denticulifer(van Achterberg and Maeto^,1990)。这是该属在中国大陆的首次记录。1．齿唇费氏茧蜂Fopius denticulifer(van Achterberg and Maeto^,1990),中国新记录研究标本：1♀,浙江临安市天目山,1987-Ⅶ-21,陈学新,No．873495;2♀♀1♂,浙江安吉县龙王山,1993-Ⅷ-31,马云,许再福,朱春燕,No．9310360,9310128,939981;2♀♀,浙江临安市大目山,1993-Ⅵ—11,滕玲,汪建平,No．935298,935444;1♀,浙江临安市天目山,1993Ⅵ—12,马云,No．934408。分布：中国(浙江),俄罗斯东部,日本。2．匙胸费氏茧蜂Fopius mystrium,新种(图1～4)正模：♀,湖北神农架宋洛,1982-Ⅷ-28,何俊华,No．825801。鉴别特征：本新种与F.deeralensis(Fullaway,1950)相似,但下列特征可资区别：额具深密刻点及刚毛;产卵管两侧平行,端部具一小突起;产卵管鞘长度为前翅长度的0．4倍,为腹部第一背板长的2．7倍。3．锐费氏茧蜂Fopius oxoestos,新种(图5～10)正模：早,浙江德清县筏头,1995-Ⅴ-27,何俊华,No．957552;副模,1♀,浙江德清县筏头,1995-Ⅴ-27,何俊华,No．957416。鉴别特征：本新种与F.ruficornis(Granger,1949)相似,但下列特征可资区别：中胸全部橘黄色;产卵管端部背方具一突起;并胸腹节后方具一大的扇形区域。4．疏纹费氏茧蜂Fopius spanistriae,新种(图11～16)正模：♀,海南尖峰岭,1997-Ⅶ-22,蔡平,No．973369。鉴别特征：本新种与E.arisanus(Sonan,1932)相似,但下列特征可资区别：唇基腹方具一小而不明显的突起：中胸腹板后横脊腹方中央存在,短且突出;产卵管鞘相对较短,其长度为前翅长的0．8倍,为腹部第,背板长的0．9倍。     

锯齿泥蜂属一新种：膜翅目：泥蜂科

本文记述采自宁夏贺兰山的泥蜂科泥蜂亚科锯齿泥蜂属１新种－黄腹锯齿泥蜂Ｐｒｉｏｎｙｘ ｘａｎｔｈａｂｄｏｍｉｎａｌｉｓ Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｙａｎｇ。模式标本保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国喙蚤蝇属一新种（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

喙蚤蝇属ＴｒｏｐｈｉｔｈａｕｍａＳｃｈｍｉｔｚ是一形态特异的类群。其雌性种类口上片延长,喙长,腹部第４－６背板特化成腺体。目前全世界仅记载６种。我国只记载１种（刘广纯等,１９９３）。本文描述１新种。模式标本存于沈阳农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。黄腰喙蚤蝇ＴｒｏｐｈｉｔｈａｕｍａｇａｓｔｒｏｆｌａｖｉｄｕｍＬｉｕ,新种雌：体长２ｍｍ。额黑色,有光泽。触角第３节黑色,球形;芒０．６ｍｍ,具较长绒毛。下颚须黑色,具短鬃。胸背板和侧板下半部黑色;侧板下半部浅黄色。小盾片鬃ｌ对,短毛１对。腹部第１节浅黄,其它节黑色。第Ⅳ－Ⅵ背板高度特化。翅长１．８ｍｍ;前缘脉指数０．５８,各段比２：１．６：１,前缘脉纤毛０．０４ｍｍ。腋区鬃３根,平衡棒浅黄。前、中足浅褐,后足深褐。中足栅毛列达胫节２／３;后足胫节栅毛列完整,具后背纤毛列。正模：♀,云南勐养,１９９１－Ⅵ－８,刘广纯采。     

中皿蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:皿蛛科)

在浙江西天目山蜘蛛调查中,采到皿蛛科一种中皿蛛,经鉴定认为系一新种,报道如下: 天目中皿蛛,新种Centromerus tianmushanus sp.nov.(图1—5) 正模:1♀,浙江西天目山新茅蓬,1983年4月3日;配模:1♂;副模:1♀,采集地点和日期同正模。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

单爪螯蜂属一新种(膜翅目：螯蜂科)

单爪螯蜂属一新种＊（膜翅目：螯蜂科）许再福（华南农业大学昆虫生态室广州５１０６４２）何俊华（浙江农业大学植保系杭州３１００２９）祝氏单爪螯蜂Ａｎｔｅｏｎｃｈｕｉ新种（图１）图１祝氏单爪螯蜂Ａｎｔｅｏｎｃｈｕｉｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,ｈｏｌｏｔｙｐｅ雄外生殖器...     

中国雪麦蛾属二新种记述：鳞翅目：麦蛾科

雪麦蛾属ＣｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓＨüｂｎｅｒ已知百种以上。其中新北区７２种,新热带区１２种,古北区２８种,估计古北区种类近４０种（Ｈｕｅｍｅｒ＆Ｓａｔｌｅｒ,１９９５）。我国该属昆虫已知１种（李后魂、郑哲民,１９９５）。本文记述２新种,分别分布于陕西和青海。模式标本存陕西师大动物所。１．彬县雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｂｉｎｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,新种（图１）本种与Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｐｒａｅｃｌａｒｅｌａ（Ｈｅｒｒｉｃｈ－Ｓｃｈｅｆｅｒ）相似,但雄性外生殖器爪形突宽短,其后缘具明显的中突。正模♂,副模１♂,陕西彬县,１９９０－Ｖ－１５,王宣利采。２．大通雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｄａｔｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,新种（图２）本种与百脉根雪麦蛾Ｃｈｉｏｎｏｄｅｓｆｕｍａｔｅｌａ（Ｄｏｕｇｌａｓ）极近似,但雄性外生殖器爪形突和阳茎形状与后者的不同。正模♂,青海大通东峡,１９８８－Ⅶ－２５。     

山东小腹茧蜂属一新种记述：膜翅目：茧蜂科：小腹茧蜂亚科

本文记述了采自山东泰山小腹茧蜂属Ｍｉｃｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ Ｌａｔｒｅｉｌｌｅ １８０４一新种,即泰山小腹茧蜂Ｍｉｃｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ ｔａｉｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种与分布于古北区和东洋区的Ｍｉｃｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ ｇｌｏｂａｔａ 相似,模式标本保存在山东农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。     

中国转长泥蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:方头泥蜂科)

记述中国浙江方头泥蜂科Crabronidae转长泥蜂属Tracheliodes 1新种:瘤唇转长泥蜂Tracheliodes labitubercutus,sp.nov.,编制了该属中国已知种类检索表.模式标本保存于浙江大学寄生蜂标本室.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Multiple Parasitism by Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Busseola fusca (Fuller) is one of the most important pest of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) is the predominant parasitoid attacking B. fusca larvae in many parts of Africa. An exotic parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes Cameron, was introduced into Kenya in 1993 for the control of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Laboratory studies indicated that although C. flavipes would search for, and attack B. fusca , it was not able to complete its development in this host. The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcome of multiple parasitism of B. fusca by the two Cotesia species. The study showed that when both parasitoid species stung a B. fusca larva at the same time, both parasitoids emerged from more than half of the host larvae, C. flavipes alone emerged from 17%, and C. sesamiae alone emerged from 9%. When the larvae were parasitized by C. sesamiae first, and then 2 h later by C. flavipes , and vice versa, most of the progeny were C. flavipes . However, when B. fusca larvae were stung by C. sesamiae three days before oviposition by C. flavipes , significantly more C. sesamiae emerged from the larvae. When C. flavipes oviposited first, no larvae produced C. flavipes only. The interaction of parasitoids and the host immune system, and the implications of these results for the biological control of stem borers in East Africa are discussed.     

Behavioural Acceptability of Sitona lepidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to the Parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Using the Pathogenic Bacterium Serratia marcescens Bizio

Microctonous aethiopoides Loan has been introduced into New Zealand to control the lucerne pest Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Sitona lepidus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) a pest of clover ( Trifolium spp.), has recently established in New Zealand. Laboratory experiments to test the potential of M. aethiopoides to parasitize S. lepidus has resulted in very low levels of parasitism. To investigate whether there were behavioural or physiological barriers to successful parasitism, two experiments were conducted using the insect pathogenic bacterium. Serratia marcescens Bizio as a marker for parasitoid ovipositor penetration. Firstly, M. aethiopoides 'treated' with S. marcescens were exposed to weevils and rapid weevil mortality was used to indicate ovipositor penetration. Up to 50% mortality of S. lepidus occurred, which was comparable with mortality observed in the permissive host Listronotus bonariensis . Dissection of S. lepidus exposed to parasitoids treated with distilled water showed that ca. 21% contained parasitoid eggs of which 98% were nonviable. In the second experiment, exposure periods of 24, 48 and 72 h to S. marcescens -treated parasitoids produced an increase in S. lepidus mortality of 14, 28 and 38%, respectively. There was 3% successful parasitoid development in weevils exposed for 72 h to parasitoids treated with distilled water. M. aethiopoides has been shown to develop successfully in a wide range of non-target weevil species both in the laboratory and field. Possible reasons for poor survival of M. aethiopoides immature stages in S. lepidus are discussed.     

为《Flora of China》提供的伞形科新资料

在为编写《Flora of China》伞形科而进行的修订工作中,提出了11个新组合,即矮小丝瓣芹Acronema minus (M. F. Watson) M. F. Watson & Z. H. Pan, 短柄丝瓣芹A. brevipedicellatum Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, 川西当归Angelica sinensis var. wilsonii (H. Wolff) Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson, 云南细裂芹Harrysmithia franchetii (M. Hiroe) M. L. Sheh, 钝叶独活Heracleum candicans var. obtusifolium (Wall. ex DC.) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, 中华天胡荽Hydrocotyle hookeri ssp. chinensis (Dunn ex R. H. Shan & S. L. Liou) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, 普渡天胡荽H. hookeri ssp. handelii (H. Wolff) M. F. Watson & M. L. Sheh, 锐棱岩风Libanotis grubovii (V. M. Vinogradova) M. L. Sheh & M. F. Watson, 美脉藁本Ligusticum likiangense (H. Wolff) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson和线叶藁本L. nematophyllum (Pimenov & Kljuykov) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson, 无管藁本L. nullivittatum (K. T. Fu) F. T. Pu & M. F. Watson和二色棱子芹Pleurospermum bicolor (Franch.) C. Norman ex Z. H. Pan & M. F. Watson.; 发现了1个新种,即短柄丝瓣芹。此外,还为Pleurospermum govanianum var. bicolor Franch.指定了后选模式。     

Entomopathogenic Nematode Infectivity Assay: Comparison of Penetration Rate into Different Hosts

Penetration rate (the percentage of the initial infective juvenile inoculum that invades an insect host) was tested as an indicator of entomopathogenic nematode infectivity. Several host-parasite-substrate combinations were evaluated for penetration rate. Four steinernematids, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, S. feltiae, S. riobravis and two strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were tested in a contact bioassay against the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, the yellow meal worm, Tenebrio molitor, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. The insect larvae were confined individually in sand and filter paper arenas and exposed to 200 infective juveniles. After incubation, dead insects were dissected in order to count the nematodes penetrated. The data were analyzed for the effects of nematode strain and substrate on penetration rate. The bioassay substrate had a variable effect depending on the insect species. The nematode effect was highly significant for all insects tested. The penetration rate therefore allowed comparisons among nematode strains invading a host. Nematode ranking for infectivity differed according to the insect tested.