产碱性木聚糖酶芽孢杆菌HSⅠ的筛选及发酵条件研究

通过碱性培养基分离到耐碱的芽孢杆菌HSⅠ,研究了碳源,氮源,培养温度,培养基起始pH,培养时间,接种量,通气量,添加物对HSⅠ菌产木聚糖酶的影响。测定出其产酶最佳培养条件;麸皮6%,（NH4）2SO40。2%,NaNO30.4%。蛋白胨0.6%,起始pH为10.5,接种量为5%,250mL三角瓶装液量为50mL。最佳培养温度为37℃,培养时间为96h,其酶活力最高达54IU/mL。     

绿色木霉在啤酒糟基质上产纤维素酶条件的优化

对绿色木霉接种到啤酒糟固态发酵产纤维素酶的培养基和培养条件进行优化,考察发酵物料起始含水量、发酵时间、起始pH值等发酵条件,以及啤酒糟培养基中添加麸皮、氮源种类对产酶的影响。结果表明,以啤酒糟为发酵基质接种绿色木霉生产纤维素酶是可行的。经单因素和正交试验获得最适固态发酵的培养条件为:起始pH 5~6,培养温度28~30℃,发酵4 d;最佳发酵培养基组合为:麸皮比例30%,培养基起始含水量50%,(NH₄)₂SO₄添加量为2.0%~2.5%。     

杏鲍菇液体培养研究初报

采用液体摇瓶培养方法,对杏鲍菇适宜的液体培养基和液全培养条件（适宜温度,摇瓶装量,摇瓶转速,接种量,培养基初始pH等）进行了探讨。结果表明,杏鲍 菇适宜的液体培养基为：葡萄糖3%,蛋白胨0.2%,KH2PO40.05%,MgSO40.05%,pH6.5,适宜的液全培养条件为：培养温度25℃,培养基的初始pH6.5,摇瓶装量100-140ml/500ml,摇瓶转速150r/min,接种量10%,最佳培养时间7d。     

光合细菌最佳生长条件筛选

目的:优化光合细菌的最佳培养条件。方法:通过绘制不同的生长曲线研究不同培养基及不同培养条件等理化因素对2株光合细菌(类球红细菌1.2174、沼泽红假单胞菌1.2180)生长的影响。结果:①1.2174最佳条件:培养基(蒸馏水配制的液体富集培养基和固体ATYP);温度(35℃);pH值(8.0和9.0);接种量(培养基/种子液5:1和4:1)。②1.2180最佳条件:培养基(海水配制的ATYP和蒸馏水配制的液体富集培养基);温度(25℃和35℃);pH值(7.0和8.0);接种量(培养基/种子液2∶1和4∶1)③两株菌的光照、氧需求程度、菌群协同和振荡条件相同。结论:通过筛选,蒸馏水配制的液体富集培养基和固体ATYP培养基、35℃、1000lx、pH值8.0、培养基/种子液4∶1、微氧、有菌群协同、振荡可作为二者的通用培养条件。     

低温乳酸菌复合系的构建、培养条件优化及在玉米干秸杆微贮中的应用

[目的]研究筛选得到的低温乳酸菌复合菌系(LAC-1)的最佳培养条件及应用于玉米干秸杆微贮的效果.[方法]通过连续限制性培养的方法,以pH为指标进行低温乳酸菌复合系的筛选;利用单因素试验、Box-Benhnken试验设计和响应面的分析方法对低温乳酸菌复合系的培养条件进行优化.[结果]筛选获得培养液pH下降迅速、变化稳定及接种干玉米秸杆后可降低发酵体系pH、提高发酵饲料感官品质的低温乳酸菌复合菌系LAC-1.培养时间对LAC-1的pH降低速度影响最大,温度次之,接种量影响最小;响应面分析LAC-1最佳的培养条件为培养温度9.5℃、接种量3.3％和培养时间139 h.经过优化,LAC-1培养过程中pH下降到4.0的时间比优化前缩短48 h,乳酸菌数提高了20.5％.LAC-1接种于干玉米秸秆发酵5d时,秸秆发酵体系pH降至4.1;与对照相比,秸秆发酵饲料可散发出甜酸香味,外观质地松散、色泽鲜亮,可溶性碳水化合物含量降低了46.3％,霉菌、恶臭醋酸杆菌和酵母菌数量显著降低,乳酸菌数量提高了33.3％.[结论]接种LAC-1可促进干玉米秸秆低温微贮进程,提高饲料品质.     

模式原生动物浮萍棘尾虫纯培养体系的建立与优化

浮萍棘尾虫(Stylonychia lemnae)是一种营动物性营养的单细胞真核生物, 是研究细胞学、遗传学问题的重要模式原生动物, 而实现浮萍棘尾虫纯培养是开展棘尾虫生物学研究的重要基础。研究以建立高效棘尾虫无菌纯培养体系为目的, 参考嗜热四膜虫无菌纯培养基, 采用响应面分析方法, 对氮源、碳源和磷酸氢二钾的组分配比进行单因素实验和正交实验, 初步建立用于浮萍棘尾虫无菌培养的培养基, 并分别对培养温度、初始pH、培养液添加量和起始接种密度等培养条件进行了优化。结果表明: 起始接种量为100 cells, 培养基10 mL, 初始pH 7.0, 温度25℃, 静置培养168h, 可获得最大细胞数量约为3.0×103 cells。     

金针菇FV908菌株液体培养工艺

通过单因子试验统计分析,优化筛选了适于金针菇(Flammulina velatipes)FV908的适宜培养基和摇瓶培养条件,结果表明,其适宜的液体培养基组成为5.0%玉米粉,2.0%麸皮,0.1%KHOP4,0.05%MgSO4*7H2O,10μgVB1/100ml,50μgVB2/100ml;适宜的摇瓶培养条件为培养基的起始pH6.0～7.0,500ml摇瓶装量为150ml,接种量为10%,培养温度25℃,摇床转速为120r/min,菌丝干收率4.1g/100ml.     

地生枝顶孢(AT01)胞外多糖发酵条件的研究

研究地生枝顶孢AT01菌株胞外多糖发酵工艺,主要内容包括碳源、氮源、起始pH及接种量等.AT01胞外多糖的最佳培养基组成白砂糖4%,黄豆粉3%,磷酸氢二钾0.5%,氢氧化钙O.3%,MgSO4·7H2O O.05%,pH自然(6.7).最佳培养条件接种量为1O%,起始pH为6.7,装液量为100mL/250mL.     

根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶工艺条件的研究*

研究了根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶的工艺条件。采用单因素试验、均匀设计方法对固体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量、无机盐加量进行了优化;采用正交试验对发酵时间、接种量进行了研究。结果表明,实验范围内根霉12固体发酵产纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成为:麸皮∶豆粕=1∶2,初始pH5.0,加水量0.75ml/g物料, MnSO4H2O和 (NH4)2SO4加量分别为0.25%和 1.42%(对物料)。适宜培养条件为接种量107个孢子/g物料,培养时间72h。优化条件下的纤溶酶产量平均达791.81u/g物料。     

甲烷利用菌培养条件的优化及其初步应用

利用统计学实验设计（RSM）对能够利用甲烷的假单胞菌菌株ME16主要培养条件进行了优化。以液体无机盐和甲烷气体作为培养基分别进行了温度、接种量、甲烷含量和培养pH对细菌生长影响的研究,并在此基础上,利用响应面法分析优化了ME16菌株的主要培养条件,得到最佳培养条件为：温度29.4℃,接种量1.8%,甲烷含量25%。采用优化培养条件进行培养,细菌生物量增大0.8倍,达到稳定期的培养时间缩短了50h。该菌株初步应用于甲烷气体的脱除,脱除率达65.7 %,表明该菌株能良好的脱除空气中甲烷。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.