首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
木虱啮小蜂对枸杞、枸杞木虱的行为反应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
木虱啮小蜂Tetrastichus sp.是枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica Yang & Li若虫外寄生蜂,是控制枸杞木虱种群数量动态的重要因子之一。为查明其寻找寄主的信息素,应用四臂嗅觉仪、培养皿两种方法测定了枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的健康叶、虫伤叶、枸杞木虱若虫、若虫与叶复合体、卵与叶复合体和若虫分泌物等不同物质对木虱啮小蜂行为反应的影响。结果证明枸杞木虱若虫分泌物对木虱啮小蜂有明显的吸引作用,四臂嗅觉仪测定时有73%的雌蜂趋向分泌物材料区(P=0.0000)。枸杞健康叶, 虫伤叶及其水、正丁烷提取物, 卵与枸杞叶复合体对木虱啮小蜂无明显吸引作用。木虱若虫水提物及正丁烷提取物在培养皿中可吸引木虱啮小蜂并可引起刺探行为,但嗅觉仪测定时单独若虫并不吸引木虱啮小蜂,只有活体若虫与枸杞叶片复合体才对木虱啮小蜂有吸引作用(P=0.0004)。木虱啮小蜂通过与寄主若虫的接触,可提高其搜索效率。接触过寄主若虫的雌蜂第一次找到寄主的时间显著少于未曾接触寄主若虫的雌蜂,前者只用后者1/4的时间,说明该寄生蜂能对其寄主若虫进行学习。  相似文献   

2.
枸杞木虱啮小蜂繁殖生物学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
枸杞木虱啮小蜂Tamarixa lyciumiYang是枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica Yang&Li若虫期的重要寄生性天敌。在实验室对其繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,结果如下:枸杞木虱啮小蜂大多进行两性生殖,孤雌生殖后代均为雄性,其自然性比为1.80:1。在15~35℃间,随温度升高,枸杞木虱啮小蜂发育历期缩短;从卵发育到成虫时需要8.22℃以上的有效积温217.21日·度。枸杞木虱啮小蜂在25℃恒温条件下繁殖力最高,35℃最低,寿命随温度的升高而缩短。在不同营养条件下,喂食20%蜂蜜的条件最适宜其繁殖,其次为20%蔗糖溶液,补充清水只可延长其寿命而不能提高繁殖力。5℃冷藏枸杞木虱啮小蜂蛹15d以内,不影响其正常羽化,冷藏20d或20d以上,羽化率显著降低;冷藏30d内对羽化后雌雄蜂寿命无明显影响,且从冷藏蛹中羽化的雌蜂寄生能力未受显著影响。  相似文献   

3.
柑橘木虱 Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的传播媒介,九里香 Murraya paniculate L.是柑橘木虱最重要的寄主植物。本研究比较了受柑橘木虱为害前后的九里香对其趋性的影响,并在此基础上,分析受害前后的九里香嫩梢挥发物组成成分。结果表明,与未受为害的九里香相比,受为害后的九里香对柑橘木虱的吸引作用显著增强,而且受害后继续保留柑橘木虱的九里香吸引作用更强。受木虱为害前后九里香挥发物成分差异较大,相同组分含量差异也比较明显。仅存在于受为害后的九里香挥发物共有8种,分别为γ-橄榄烯、α-愈创木烯、Epi-β-檀香烯、顺式-β-金合欢烯、(+)-香橙烯、α-菖蒲二烯、十四甲基环七硅氧烷、α-绿叶烯;而仅存在于未受为害的九里香挥发物为6种,为别为孕烯醇酮、β-榄香烯、2,6-二叔丁基苯醌、异丙茴香醚、1-(1,5-二甲基己基)-4-甲基苯、α-柏木烯。这些差异物质可能在柑橘木虱的寄主定位中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

4.
为了发现对柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama具有引诱活性的寄主植物嫩梢挥发物,采用Y型嗅觉仪在室内测定柑橘木虱对12种寄主植物嫩梢及其挥发物成分的趋性反应,采用固相微萃取技术(SPME)和气-质联用分析技术(GC-MS)分析鉴定嫩梢挥发物的共同成分.结果表明,柑橘木虱对九里香Murraya exotica、沙田柚Citus maxima'Shatian You'、红肉酸柚Cgrandis'Hongrousuan You'、HB柚Citus grandis'HB'、高斑柚Citus grandis'gaoban You'和纽荷尔脐橙Citus sinensis'Newhall'6种植物嫩梢具有显著的趋性反应,选择率分别为66.70%、66.04%、63.77%、63.86%、61.67%和60.35%.从寄主植物嫩梢中鉴定出8种挥发物共同成分,分别为α-石竹烯、(-)-β-石竹烯、萜品油烯、芳樟醇、(+)-α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、D-柠檬烯和γ-松油烯.柑橘木虱对8种植物挥发物成分均有一定的趋性,其中对浓度为10μL/mL(-)-β-石竹烯和D-柠檬烯的选择率分别为73.20%和71.88%,对浓度为1μL/mL芳樟醇的选择率为79.19%.研究结果为进一步开发柑橘木虱引诱剂奠定了基础.  相似文献   

5.
在25℃温度条件下,在九里香(Murraya panicuata)嫩枝条上研究柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama混合虫态、卵、低龄若虫、高龄若虫、柑橘木虱分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeirs(Oudemans)雌螨的吸引作用,以探索与评价捕食螨对柑橘木虱各虫态及分泌物的趋向性。研究发现:1.柑橘木虱混合虫态对胡瓜新小绥螨的吸引作用在试验后第2小时经测验达到显著水平(P<0.05),第3小时达极显著水平(P<0.01),表明柑橘木虱混合虫态对胡瓜新小绥螨有很强的吸引作用;2.柑橘木虱卵对胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨无吸引作用;3.试验开始后第15小时在试验区胡瓜新小绥螨数量分别高于空白区25.00%、18.33%、13.33%、15.00%和23.33%,柑橘木虱低龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨有较强烈的吸引作用;4.柑橘木虱高龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨吸引作用在第1小时最高,第25小时在试验区胡瓜新小绥螨数量分别高于空白区25.00%、18.33%、13.33%、15.00%和23.33%,柑橘木虱低龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨有较强烈的吸引作用;4.柑橘木虱高龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨吸引作用在第1小时最高,第23小时最低,第4小时开始回升,第5小时可达到51.67%。可见柑橘木虱高龄若虫对胡瓜新小绥螨有一定的吸引作用;5.柑橘木虱分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨吸引作用在第1小时最高,试验区胡瓜新小绥螨数量高于空白区33.33%、胡瓜新小绥螨不能取食柑橘木虱分泌物,第2小时胡瓜新小绥螨向外逃跑的比率增加。但胡瓜新小绥螨在试验区数量仍高于试验区,柑橘木虱分泌物对胡瓜新小绥螨也有一定的吸引作用。本试验环境开放,模拟自然状态。在柑橘木虱混合虫态发生的情况下,胡瓜新小绥螨对其具备搜寻能力。  相似文献   

6.
枸杞木虱啮小蜂寄生行为及生物学特性的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
枸杞木虱啮小蜂Tetrastichussp .是枸杞木虱ParatriozasinicaYang&Li若虫的外寄生蜂 ,自然寄生率可达 86 5 %。在温度为 2 0~ 2 5℃的室内条件下 ,完成 1个世代需 1 4~ 2 0d。成虫寿命与取食有关 ,取食 1 5 %的蜂蜜水 ,雌性成虫寿命为 1 2~ 1 7d,雄性成虫为 4~ 6d。成蜂最喜欢在 3龄和 4龄若虫上产卵。自然种群消长与寄主虫口密度相关。每年 7月到 8月下旬该蜂寄生率高 ,9月份下降 ,1 0月份几乎不见。  相似文献   

7.
柑橘木虱是柑橘黄龙病的自然传播媒介,为了解柑橘应对柑橘木虱胁迫的代谢组学变化,本文以柠檬为受体,进行柑橘木虱取食胁迫处理,分别于胁迫不同阶段(0、12、24、48、72和96 h)采集柠檬叶为试验材料,静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用检测其挥发性物质。主要结果如下:结合保留指数从柠檬叶中共检出37种化合物,包含15种萜类,6种醛类,6种醇类等;含量较高的挥发性成分有(+)-柠檬烯、桧烯、月桂烯等;受柑橘木虱取食胁迫后,柠檬叶中的挥发性化合物含量产生明显变化,萜类、醛类和醇类物质相对含量均呈升高趋势。桧烯、里那醇、(+)-香茅醛和橙花醇4种物质的含量在柑橘木虱取食胁迫96 h时分别升高2.1,2.9,7.8和3.2倍;α-石竹烯的含量下降1.9倍。(+)-柠檬烯、β-红没药烯和反式-α-香柑油烯等物质含量变化不明显,胁迫后的样品中新检出玫瑰呋喃氧化物、香叶醇和2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚等3种化合物。皮尔森相关性分析表明,桧烯、β-蒎烯、甲基庚烯酮、月桂烯、水芹烯等9种物质含量与柑橘木虱胁迫时间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),α-蒎烯、莰烯、松油烯、γ-萜品烯等10种物质含量与柑橘木虱胁迫时间呈显著正相关(P0.05),而邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯含量与柑橘木虱胁迫时间呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。聚类和热图进一步分析表明,胁迫不同时间的样品具有显著差异,且胁迫时柠檬叶挥发性化合物大部分呈现上升的趋势,尤其是胁迫48、72和96 h后,物质含量显著增加。研究结果为了解柑橘应对柑橘木虱等生物胁迫的代谢组学变化及柑橘木虱的生物防治提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】了解沙地木虱跳小蜂Psyllaephagus arenarius对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica的寄生作用,为合理利用沙地木虱跳小蜂防治枸杞木虱提供科学依据。【方法】在室内观察了沙地木虱跳小蜂的形态和寄生特征,通过室内实验测定了其对枸杞木虱若虫的寄生偏好性、寄生功能反应、种内干扰效应和寄主识别能力,并在宁夏中宁田间调查了该寄生蜂的田间寄生特征。【结果】沙地木虱跳小蜂是枸杞木虱若虫重要的寄生性天敌,为单寄生蜂与内寄生蜂,最偏好寄生枸杞木虱4龄若虫,偏好系数为0.44±0.02,而不偏好寄生3龄和5龄若虫,且不寄生1龄与2龄若虫。寄生蜂对4龄若虫的最大寄生量、搜寻效率系数、处理时间系数分别为40.3头、0.8688和0.0243,均优于寄生3龄和5龄若虫。沙地木虱跳小蜂受到的种内干扰系数为0.3856,且对已被寄生的木虱寄主具有明显的辨别能力。沙地木虱跳小蜂田间发生期为6月下旬到9月中旬,正处于3-5龄木虱若虫第2代发生高峰期,发生期平均寄生率为44.2%±6.7%,其中寄生率顶峰为89.7%±12.2%,发生在7月4日。沙地木虱跳小蜂在植株下层寄生率是上中下3层中最高,为58.1%±6.8%;在植株西向寄生率是5个方位中最高,为51.4%±8.2%;对4龄若虫寄生率是木虱若虫龄期中最高,为69.7%±3.1%。【结论】研究表明,沙地木虱跳小蜂是具有控制潜力的寄生性天敌,人工释放该新纪录寄生蜂可有效控制枸杞木虱若虫,降低木虱为害。  相似文献   

9.
柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是传播柑橘黄龙病病菌的重要媒介昆虫,对我国柑橘产业的健康发展造成了严重的威胁.阿里食虱跳小蜂Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis(Shaffe,Alam and Agarwal)是柑橘木虱的一种优良内寄生蜂,在我国乃至世界多个国家均有分布,发挥着重要的生防作用.本文综述了阿里食虱跳小蜂分类地位、形态特征、地理分布、生长发育、生殖能力、寿命、寄生行为等生物学特性,以及人工繁育技术的研究与应用的最新研究进展,同时分析了目前其应用方面存在的问题,旨在为我国今后利用阿里食虱跳小蜂科学、高效和可持续防控柑橘木虱提供参考,不断推动我国柑橘产业健康、稳定和可持续发展.  相似文献   

10.
本文描述了发生在我国广西、云南、贵州及广东的木虱六个新种,属个木虱科Triozidae。对在考察和采集标本时云南省农科院王履浙、郑伟军同志,广西壮族自治区农科院周至宏、王助引同志及广西壮族自治区林业厅黄金义同志均表诚挚的谢意。模式标本保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本馆。  相似文献   

11.
松毛虫赤眼蜂对被害与未被害马尾松的趋性选择   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
分别利用培养皿和“Y”形嗅觉仪的测定方法,研究了松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimiMatsumura对马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatusWalker危害的马尾松针(Pinus massoniana)与未被害马尾松针的趋性选择反应。发现未被害松针和被害松针对松毛虫赤眼蜂均具显著的引诱作用,但是在被害与未被害松针两者之间,松毛虫赤眼蜂明显选择被害松针;对于不同被害程度而言,松毛虫赤眼蜂倾向于选择被害程度严重的松针,而与松针是否被马尾松毛虫连续危害的关系不明显。即松毛虫赤眼蜂可以通过马尾松毛虫被害后的寄主植物(马尾松)所散发的气味以对寄主栖息地定向,跟踪、寻找马尾松毛虫。  相似文献   

12.
高榕,雌雄同株,与其共生的形态高度相似的传粉小蜂Eupristina altissima与非传粉小蜂Eupristina sp.均为果内产卵。利用Y型嗅觉仪生物测定法研究E.altissima和Eupristina sp.对不同发育期高榕榕果挥发物以及合成信息素混合物的行为反应差异。结果表明:E.altissima和Eupristina sp.对高榕雌花期榕果挥发物具极显著趋向行为,对高榕雄花期榕果挥发物具极显著驱避行为,表明E.altissima与Eupristina sp.雌蜂能够敏锐辨别高榕雌花期和雄花期榕果的挥发物,快速远离雄花期榕果,并实现对宿主雌花期榕果的定位。但是,E.altissima与Eupristina sp.对其它发育时期榕果挥发物的行为反应具有差异性,前者对雌前期榕果和传粉或产卵后榕果释放的挥发物存在显著的趋避反应,而后者无明显的行为偏向性,表明E.altissima能够识别雌前期榕果和传粉或产卵后榕果,可避免误入其中而无法繁殖后代,Eupristina sp.则不具备这种识别能力。E.altissima和Eupristina sp.小蜂对合成信息素的行为反应也高度相似,表现为芳樟醇、苯乙烯,以及苯乙烯和金合欢醇的交互作用对两种小蜂选择行为影响显著,组合A_1B_2C_2(0.5%Linalool+1%Benzyl ethylene+1%Farnesol)的混合信息素对两种小蜂具有极显著的驱避作用,而组合A_2B_1C_1(1%Linalool+0.5%Benzyl ethylene+0.5%Farnesol),A_2B_1C_2(1%Linalool+0.5%Benzyl ethylene+1%Farnesol),A2B2C1(1%Linalool+1%Benzyl ethylene+0.5%Farnesol)的混合信息素对其具有极显著的吸引作用,但两种小蜂对组合A_1B_1C_1(0.5%Linalool+0.5%Benzyl ethylene+0.5%Farnesol)的行为反应存在差异。两种小蜂对榕果挥发物和合成信息素的反应异同,可能与其触角结构的差异密切相关。研究结果为探究榕-蜂共生体系的化学信号传导机制提供科学依据。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract The behavioral responses of the female adult parasitoids Lysiphlebia japonica to plant volatile chemicals, host plants and cotton aphids were tested in a four arm air flow olfactometer. The results indicated that the female parasitoids were strongly attracted by the odors from cotton aphids and their host plants. Damaged cotton leaves were more attractive than intact ones. Among the four olfactory stimuli from the plant volatile chemicals dissolved in liquid paraffin oil at the concentration of 0.01 (volume fraction), the female parasitoids only positively responded to benzaldehyde, but did not show any preference to β-caryophyllene and β-pinene. Although heptanol elicited the highest EAC response of the parasitoids, the behavioral test showed that it repelled the parasitoids, and β-pinene shared the same feature with heptanol at the concentration of 1 (volume fraction). Our results also showed that the female parasitoids only preferred the cotton leaf from which the mummified aphids were collected, and did not express any interest to the three plants of melon family in the olfactometer, The possible mechanisms are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a newly described and important idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer (EAB) that has excellent potential as a biological control agent against EAB populations in the USA. In order to understand the ecological factors involved in the search and discovery of concealed hosts by S. agrili, we investigated the behavioral responses of adult female wasps to potential semiochemicals from host plants, hosts, and host frass as well as to vibration signals from host feeding and movement. Using a bioassay, we showed that S. agrili first finds the host’s habitats by detecting the volatile compounds emitted by ash. In the second phase of host location and acceptance, the parasitoids detect the mechanical vibrations produced by host feeding and movement under the surface of the bark and then probe to find the EAB larvae. Contact chemicals seem to play little or no role in short-range host finding. Female wasps avoided laying eggs on EAB larvae already parasitized and thus paralyzed. We hypothesized that female wasps were not attracted to these larvae due to their lack of feeding or movement. While an induced paralysis in the host is instrumental in avoiding superparasitism, we cannot rule out that S. agrili females also use an oviposition pheromone to deter conspecific females. Together, these results suggest that vibration and olfactory cues play significant roles in distinct phases of S. agrili host habitat and host location behaviors.  相似文献   

15.
传粉榕小蜂与非传粉小蜂间寄主识别行为的趋同进化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在高度专性传粉的榕树-榕小蜂互惠共生系统中普遍存在着一些非传粉小蜂,它们中的一些种类进入果腔后也能为榕树传粉,且在形态和物候上已与传粉榕小蜂发生了趋同进化。但其寄主识别行为是否也与传粉榕小蜂发生了趋同进化还不得而知。我们在西双版纳选择了钝叶榕(Ficuscurtipes)及其3种进果繁殖小蜂开展了相关的行为实验。3种小蜂中,1种是钝叶榕的专性传粉榕小蜂(Eupristina sp.),另外2种是寄居性非传粉小蜂(杨氏金小蜂Diaziellayangi和Lipothymus sp.),这2种非传粉小蜂进入果腔后也像传粉榕小蜂那样为钝叶榕传粉。我们以钝叶榕不同发育时期的榕果及这3种小蜂为材料,采用Y型嗅觉仪观察了这3种小蜂对各发育时期榕果和信息化学物质6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮及这2种化合物的混合物的选择行为。结果表明,当提供雌花期榕果与其他发育时期榕果和空气对照供这3种小蜂选择时,它们均显著地偏向于选择雌花期榕果;当提供雄花期榕果与其他发育时期榕果和空气对照供这3种小蜂选择时,它们均显著地偏向于选择其他发育时期榕果和空气对照,即都会避开雄花期榕果;此外,这3种小蜂均对钝叶榕雌花期果释放的一种主要化合物6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇的同一剂量(1μL)表现出显著的偏好。这一结果为传粉榕小蜂与非传粉小蜂间的寄主识别行为趋同进化的假说提供了证据。  相似文献   

16.
Desert locusts [Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera, Acrididae)] change phase in response to population density: solitarious insects avoid one another, but when crowded they change to the gregarious phase and aggregate. The attraction/repulsion responses of gregarious and solitarious locusts maintain phase differences in locust populations. Despite considerable research, the cues for aggregation are poorly understood; moreover, the repulsion response of solitarious locusts has not previously been investigated. This study analyzes the role of visual and olfactory stimuli in triggering these different responses to conspecifics. Isolation-reared insects were repelled by both olfactory and visual stimuli from other locusts. Crowd-reared insects were attracted by the combination of olfactory and visual cues. In addition, olfactory stimuli affected other behaviors in both phases, and behavioral differences between isolation- and crowd-reared locusts were clear even in the absence of conspecifics. The sensory and neurological mechanisms underlying these responses are not well understood and will form the basis for neurobiological investigations of locust phase.  相似文献   

17.
螟长距茧蜂对植物挥发物质的行为反应   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16  
邱鸿贵  何丽芬 《昆虫学报》1989,32(2):129-135
本文报道玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)幼虫寄生蜂——螟长距茧蜂Macrocentrus Linearis(Ness)对植物挥发物质的行为反应.用嗅觉仪测定表明,雌蜂能被寄主植物(玉米、棉花)的挥发物质所吸引,但正常寄主植物的气味不能明显地引起雌蜂产卵管的刺探行为.然而,寄主幼虫损伤的寄主植物,即使不存在寄主幼虫,亦能明显地诱发雌蜂进行产卵管刺探.非寄主植物(黄豆、灰菜)的气味对雌蜂既无明显的吸引力,亦无特别的排斥作用.当把正常的和寄主幼虫损伤的寄主植物同时提供给雌蜂时,雌蜂明显地选择后者.在寄主植物和非寄主植物同时存在时,雌蜂明显地被寄主植物的气味所吸引.寄主植物的挥发物质能被乙醚抽提,抽提液滴加在滤纸上同样能诱发雌蜂触角搜索和敲打行为.  相似文献   

18.
Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an effective idiobiont ectoparasitoid of the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vector of the huanglongbing (HLB). We examined the olfactory responses of T. radiata to volatiles emanating from D. citri or plant volatiles using a custom designed T-maze olfactometer and open arena bioassays. We also examined the behavioral response of male and female T. radiata to conspecifics of the opposite sex to determine whether olfactory signals mediate mate location. T. radiata adults exhibited a sexually dimorphic response to volatiles emanating from D. citri and citrus. Female T. radiata responded positively to the odors emanating from D. citri nymphs in both olfactometer and open arena bioassays. However, female wasps showed no response to odors emanating from D. citri adults, D. citri honey dew secretions, intact citrus or orange jasmine leaves. Odors emanating from D. citri damaged citrus were not attractive to T. radiata females but stimulated attraction of wasps to D. citri on damaged plants. T. radiata females were not attracted to D. citri immatures when they were presented as visual cues. Male T. radiata did not show attraction to D. citri nymphs or other putative odors that were attractive to female T. radiata. In olfactometer bioassays, more male T. radiata responded to the odor of female conspecifics than blank controls in the absence of associated citrus host plant volatiles. Odors emanating from female T. radiata were not attractive to male T. radiata. Male or female T. radiata were not attracted to the odors emanating from same sex conspecifics. Both male and female T. radiata adults showed positive phototactic behavior. Collectively, our results provide behavioral evidence that: 1) female T. radiata use volatiles emanating from D. citri nymphs to locate its host and: 2) female T. radiata release a volatile pheromone that attracts male conspecifics.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号