La Distribuzione e La Funzionalita Dell'Acqua Nella Cellula Vegetale

Riassunto

L'A. studia le modalità della perdita di acqua delle. cellule vegetali in via di essiccamento. In questa ricerca di fisiologia cellulare, condotta per via sperimentale e per esame citologic, I'A. dimostra come la perdita di acqua si verifichi nella cellula in stadi distinti corrispondenti alla distini corrispondenti alla disidratazione dei singoli organiti della cellula e alle diverse forme nelle quali l'acqua si trova presente nella cellula stessa. Una parte principalissima ha, in questa disidratazione, il muco-proteide, il nuovo costituente fondamentale del protoplama recentemente scoperto e illustrato dall'A. Egli dimonstra come le differenti fasi di smescolamento pi[ugrave] o meno avanzato, in cui si può presentare il mucro-proteide, regolino non solo la perdita d'acqua nell'essiccamento sperimentale, ma regolino altresi tutta l'economia dell'acqua e della soluzioni della pianta vivente, specialmente in quelle sottoposte a regime di xerofilia.     

La Simbiosi Cloromicetica

Summary

The A. takes in to consideration the nutrition of green plants when the soil is excessively poor of nutritive elements.

In these conditios it is worth the intervention of moulds capable of utilising the nutritive elements wich are found in the organic complex of the soil. A “chloromycetic symbiosis” is in this way formed which is extensive over the Earth and which concerns vegetation cowering almost a half of the vegetation growing area.

Besides the effects on nutrition the A. considers the effects on the physiology of developpement and of reproduction.     

La domination masculine

La domination masculine . Pierre Bourdieu. Paris: Seuil, 1998. 142 pp. (English translation, Masculine Domination. Richard Nice. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. 133 pp.)     

La descente testiculaire

Gonadal development is intimately linked to that of the mesonephros. The primordial testes differentiate in the dorsal region of the embryonic abdomen, behind the coelomic cavity. To reach their final location within the scrotum, the testes descend into the pelvis, pass through the abdominal wall by the inguinal canal, and attach to the base of the scrotal pouch. Testicular migration therefore comprises three stages, each requiring its own mecanism (s). The genital ducts (epididymis, vas deferens) and ligament which attaches the testis to the scrotal wall (gubernaculum testis) certainly play an essential role in these migratory events. The first phase is quite passive, associated with the growth of the abdominal cavity. In the second phase, the gubernaculum enlarges and shortens, pulling the testis through the inguinal canal. Finally, the gubernaculum, as a short, fibrous ligament, attaches the testis to the scrotal wall.     

La contraception masculine

Currently available methods of male contraception include condoms and vasectomy, but condoms have a high failure rate and vasectomy is an irreversible method. These methods are also not accepted by all couples. Hormonal methods are based on reversible suppression of gonadotrophin (both LH and FSH) and inhibition of intra-testicular steroid and sperm production. In 1990 and 1996, the WHO published results from two studies using testosterone injections as a method of hormonal contraception. These studies demonstrated, for the first time, that if a hormonal method is able to induce azoospermia or at least severe oligozoospermia, it could constitute an effective method of contraception. Another possible approach consists of using a combination of progestins or other gonadotropin inhibitors together with androgens to ensure more effective suppression of spermatogenesis. The dose of androgens can be lowered to decrease the risk of long-term adverse effects. Ongoing studies are designed to determine the safest and most effective combinations of androgens and progestins. GnRH antagonists interfere with the action of GnRH and suppress gonadotropins and therefore spermatogenesis. Agents acting directly on the testis are often very toxic and frequently induce irreversible effects on spermatogenesis and therefore cannot be used for contraception. Immunocontraception, particularly targeting of antibodies to gamete-specific antigens involved in sperm-egg binding and fertilisation, constitutes a very attractive approach. This is not a new idea, as several immunocontraception trials, using animal model systems, have been reported over recent years. However, the results of these studies have been largely disappointing because immunoneutralisation of a single, gamete-specific antigen appears to be insufficient to induce a significant reduction in fertility and secondly, although systemic immunisation regimes may lead to high serum antibody levels, these levels do not correlate with specific antibody levels in the reproductive tract or with contraceptive efficacy.     

La famille Q

Sans résuméDe l'institut néerlandais pour la recherche de l'hérédité chez l'homme et la biologie des races; section de recherche de l'hérédité médicale et statistiqueAvec 4 figures sur 1 planche     

La tomoscintigraphie myocardique

In the last years, cardiac imaging has dramatically developed, with the generalization of ECG-gated myocardial tomoscintigraphy (MTS) for nuclear cardiology, but also with the precise assessments of cardiac function and of infarction sequels, which are now provided by cardiac MRI, and with the development of coronary angiography by multi-slices CT. In this setting, MTS remains, however, the reference imaging technique for assessing myocardial ischemia, especially at exercise, the sole stress method which is physiologic and which results may be extrapolated to daily-life conditions. Because of this specific property, MTS should remain a major investigation for assessing and following patients with chronic coronary artery disease in the future. The assessment of myocardial ischemia at stress remains unanimously recommended before any invasive therapeutic or diagnostic intervention, when patients are not or only poorly symptomatic. However, it is also likely that this technique will markedly change in the future. Considerable efforts are indeed dedicated to research and development for hybrid recording systems, PET tracers and PET cameras, and gamma detectors systems using semi-conductors.     

La leucospermie en routine

In man, leukocytes, usually neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells, are present in most ejaculates. The presence of large numbers of leukocytes is suggestive of inflammation of the genital tract, possibly secondary to infection. Routine quantification of these cells is not easy and is based on a combination of analysis of fresh semen, and after detection of intracellular peroxidases characteristic of polymorphonuclear cells, and then on stained smears. The presence of a high proportion of altered leukocytes is highly suggestive of infection. Although a large number of leukocytes in the semen reflects the presence of inflammation, the role of these granulocytes, present in small numbers, in still controversial. Leukocytospermia must be interpreted in the light of the patient’s clinical and laboratory findings, based on good communication between the various health care professionals involved.