200例下肢静脉造影分析

目的 分析下肢静脉疾病的分类,造影表现及造影对下肢静脉疾病的诊断价值。方法 对200例疑有下肢静脉疾病的患者进行常规或数字减影下肢静脉造影,根据造影表现进行分析。结果 200例307侧肢体下肢静脉造影结果：交通静脉瓣膜功能不全116侧肢体(37．8％),深静脉瓣膜功能不全39侧(12．7％),静脉阻塞性疾病85侧(27．7％),静脉瘤样病变6侧(1．9％),阴性61侧(19．9％);其中60岁以上老年患者124例197侧肢体中：静脉阻塞性疾病75侧(38．1％),交通静脉瓣膜功能不全69侧(35％),深静脉瓣膜功能不全21侧(10．7％),静脉瘤样病变3侧(1．5％),阴性29侧(14．7％)。结论 本组病例下肢静脉疾病中以静脉阻塞性疾病的比例较高(27．7％)与老年患者比例较高有关,其造影表现为各种治疗措施的选择提供可靠的依据。     

超声定位穿静脉结扎对下肢静脉性溃疡术后愈合影响的临床研究

目的:观察下肢静脉性溃疡患者穿静脉功能不全情况,探讨超声定位下肢穿静脉结扎对下肢静脉性溃疡术后疗效的影响。方法:40例大隐静脉曲张患者随机分成两组:A组采用大隐静脉高位结扎、静脉腔内微波射频闭合术及超声定位穿静脉结扎治疗,B组采用大隐静脉高位结扎和静脉腔内微波射频闭合术治疗。观察两组患者治疗后静脉性溃疡的愈合时间、复发率及瓣膜功能不全穿静脉数量部位,并比较两组患者临床预后评分。结果:术前两组瓣膜功能不全穿静脉数量分别是47条和44条,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.5520)。术后两组愈合时间分别是(7.5±4.389)周和(11.6±6.489)周,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.048)。两组临床预后评分分别为(2.3±0.6)分和(1.1±1.5)分,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P=0.042)。结论:多普勒超声可有效检测定位瓣膜功能不全的下肢穿静脉,在超声定位下行大隐静脉高位结扎、静脉腔内微波射频闭合术联合穿静脉结扎治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的疗效优于穿静脉不结扎。     

血清IL-8在过敏性紫癜的表达及意义

目的:研究血清白介素-8(IL-8)在过敏性紫癜(HSP)中的表达及意义。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测和比较过敏性紫癜急性期(包括紫癜性肾炎、非紫癜性肾炎)患儿、过敏性紫癜恢复期患儿、健康体检儿童血清IL-8的含量。结果:过敏性紫癜急性期患儿血清IL-8含量显著高于过敏性紫癜恢复期患儿和健康儿童(P0.05),而过敏性紫癜恢复期、健康儿童血清IL-8含量比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。紫癜性肾炎患儿、非紫癜性肾炎患儿的血清IL-8含量均明显高于健康儿童,且非紫癜性肾炎血清IL-8含量显著低于紫癜性肾炎患儿(P0.05)。结论:急性期过敏性紫癜患儿血清IL-8含量上调,可能参与了过敏性紫癜的发生,并可能与紫癜性肾炎的发生有关。     

儿童过敏性紫癜的临床特点及其肾损害的相关因素分析

摘要目的：总结儿童过敏性紫癜的临床特点,并分析其肾损害的相关因素。方法：选择2006年2月~2012年8月我院小儿科诊治的过敏性紫癜患儿86例,根据是否伴有肾脏损害分为观察组（34例）和对照组（52例）,分析两组患者的一般临床资料,总结儿童过敏性紫癜的临床特点,并探讨导致儿童过敏性紫癜并发肾损害的相关因素。结果：（1）儿童过敏性紫癜的诱因包括感染、过敏、疫苗接种、寄生虫病史及其它原因,其中感染比例最高,占66．28％;首发症状包括紫癜、腹痛及关节痛的一种或多种,其中紫癜比例最高,占59．30％。（2）观察组患儿中年龄≥8Y、皮疹反复≥4w及血FIB升高的比例分别为73．53％（25／34）、52．94％（18／34）和26．47％（9／34）,均显著高于对照组患儿（P〈0．05）,非条件Logistic多元回归分析结果示皮疹反复≥4W及血FⅢ升高为过敏性紫癜患儿发生肾脏损伤的危险因素。结论：儿童过敏性紫癜的主要诱因为感染,典型临床表现为紫癜,皮疹反复芝4w及血FIB升高为过敏性紫癜患儿发生肾脏损伤的危险因素。     

超声造影评价股浅静脉瓣膜功能的初步应用

目的:探讨超声造影股浅静脉瓣膜返流时问与瓣膜功能的关系.方法:回顾性分析35例40侧诊断为原发性深静脉功能不全患者的超声造影资料,按照x线顺行静脉造影瓣膜返流分类分为两组,分别记录股浅静脉瓣膜返流时间,并进行两组的差异性分析.结果:统计学分析表明,轻中度组和重度组的返流时间之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:超声造影检查股静脉瓣膜返流时间能够比较准确地提供下肢深静脉的功能情况.     

儿童过敏性紫癜合并消化道出血的影响因素分析

目的:探讨过敏性紫癜合并消化道出血的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年9月至2016年6月在武汉协和医院儿科住院治疗的80例过敏性紫癜初诊患儿的临床资料,根据是否合并消化道出血分为消化道出血组11例,非消化道出血组69例,比较两组患儿的年龄、地区、性别、发病季节、紫癜分布特征、是否合并紫癜性肾炎、hsCRP、ESR、血常规、生化等。结果:与非消化道出血组相比,消化道出血组患儿的发病季节、血清超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、血清钙离子(Ca)水平差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组紫癜性肾炎发病率比较差异无统计学意义,但消化道出血组合并紫癜性肾炎的比例(45.5%)明显高于非消化道出血组(21.7%)。结论:夏冬季节、高水平血清CRP、低水平血清Ca~(2+)是过敏性紫癜患儿合并消化道出血的危险因素。     

过敏性紫癜患儿血清IL-21，TGF-β1，TNF-α及IgA1水平与紫癜性肾炎发生的相关性研究

目的:探讨过敏性紫癜患儿血清白细胞介素-21(IL-21)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、免疫球蛋白A1(IgA1)与紫癜性肾炎发生的相关性。方法:选择我院2015年11月~2016年5月收治的57例过敏性紫癜患儿,其中29例普通过敏性紫癜患儿,28例紫癜性肾炎,同期选择30例健康体检儿童作为对照组。观察并比较三组患儿血清IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgA1,免疫球蛋白A(IgA),补体C3及C4水平。结果:过敏性紫癜肾炎组IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgA1及IgA高于普通过敏性紫癜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);普通过敏性紫癜组IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgA1及IgA高于对照组(P0.05);过敏性紫癜组IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IgA1及IgA高于对照组(P0.05)。三组患儿补体C3及C4比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:IL-21,TGF-β1,TNF-α及IgA1均参与过敏性紫癜及紫癜性肾炎的发生及发展过程。     

腹型过敏性紫癜患儿急性期与恢复期肠道菌群变化的分析

目的探究腹型过敏性紫癜患儿急性期与恢复期肠道菌群的变化,为制定更针对性的过敏性紫癜治疗措施提供依据。方法选取28例腹型过敏性紫癜患儿粪便标本(急性期19例和恢复期9例),9例非腹型过敏性紫癜患儿粪便标本,一共37例粪便标本。采用Illumina MiSeq平台提取样本DNA进行高通量测序,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果腹型过敏性紫癜患儿急性期肠道菌群α多样性与恢复期、非腹型过敏性紫癜存在显著差异,而β多样性没有显著差异,腹型过敏性紫癜患儿急性期粪便标本中韦荣球菌属的相对丰度显著高于无腹痛腹型过敏性紫癜和非腹型过敏性紫癜患儿,而瘤胃球菌属的相对丰度在腹型过敏性紫癜患儿恢复期粪便标本中最高。结论肠道菌群的变化可能参与腹型过敏性紫癜的发病,其中主要表现在急性期韦荣球菌属丰富度的增加和恢复期瘤胃球菌属丰富度的升高,为微生物制剂的应用提供依据。     

过敏性紫癜患儿血浆白细胞介素9水平变化及意义探讨

目的:探讨儿童过敏性紫癜急性期血浆白细胞介素9(IL-9)水平变化特点及其临床意义。方法:观察组为79例过敏性紫癜(HSP)患儿,分为无肾损害组和有肾损害两组;对照组为28例门诊健康体检儿童。ELISA测定各组儿童血浆IL-9及白细胞介素4(IL-4)水平。结果:HSP患儿血浆IL-9水平为(28.32±6.97)pg/ml,显著高于对照组(23.92±5.91)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=2.98,p0.05);HSP患儿血浆IL-4水平为(93.86±25.35)pg/ml,显著高于对照组(77.75±15.90)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(t=3.01,p0.05);紫癜有肾损害组及紫癜无肾损害组血清IL-4及IL-9水平较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义,p0.05。紫癜有肾损害组血清IL-9水平较紫癜无肾损害组明显升高,差异有统计学意义,p0.05。紫癜有肾损害组血清IL-4水平较紫癜无肾损害组升高不明显,差异无统计学意义,p0.05。直线相关分析结果显示,HSP患儿血浆IL-9水平变化与IL-4水平呈显著正相关(r=0.298,p0.05)。结论:IL-9水平的显著增高在HSP特别是紫癜性肾炎发病机制中有重要作用。     

雷公藤多苷对小儿紫癜性肾炎CXCL9、CXCR3及IL-8水平变化的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤多苷对小儿紫癜性肾炎CXCL9、CXCR3及IL-8水平变化的影响。方法:筛选2014年1月至2015年6月我院收治的过敏性紫癜性肾炎患儿50例作为实验组,另选取同期体检健康儿童30例作为对照组。实验组患儿给予常规营养支持、抗过敏、抗血小板常规治疗,并口服雷公藤多苷1 mg/kg/d,共分3次口服,治疗三个月后评估实验组患者治疗效果,并对比对照组及实验组治疗前后免疫相关指标CXCL9、CXCR3及IL-8水平。结果:实验组患儿治疗后显效25例,有效21例,总有效率为92.00%;治疗后实验组患儿CXCL9、CXCR3及IL-8水平明显低于治疗前,并且治疗后与对照组比较无显著差异,P0.05,不具有统计学意义。结论:雷公藤多苷治疗小儿紫癜性肾炎疗效确切,可有效改善、调节患儿免疫功能,治疗有效率较高,具有临床应用及推广价值。     

Research on the peripheral hemodynamics by the method of ultrasonic doppler examination under the conditions of seven-day immersion

Peripheral blood circulation was investigated in the experiment with “dry” immersion by the method of ultrasonic Doppler examination, including transcranial Doppler examination. The linear blood velocity (LBV) in the main arteries and veins of the head and lower extremities was recorded in eight healthy volunteers who stayed in an immersion bath for seven days. The examinations were carried out on day 2 and 5 of immersion and on day 2 of the rehabilitation period. The results were compared with the background values of the blood velocities. The LBV was revealed to slow down in all the examined main arteries and veins of the head and lower extremities; the changes were the most pronounced in the venous system. The dynamics of the venous cerebral blood flow that indirectly attests to the elevation of intracranial pressure was observed on day 5 in some of the volunteers. In the period of recovery, the parameters of the arterial LBV mainly returned to the background values, while the venous blood circulation recovered slower, which indicated an aftereffect of support deprivation factors.     

骨科下肢大手术后深静脉血栓形成的预防及护理

目的:探讨骨科下肢大手术后深静脉血栓形成的预防及护理措施。方法:对98例骨科下肢大手术患者,术前做好高危患者的评估及健康宣教,并指导患者术前进行适应性功能锻炼,同时做好心理护理。术后详细了解术中情况,保持引流通畅,保护下肢静脉,做好基本预防和机械预防,密切观察有无DVT或PTE表现。结果:94例患者顺利康复,有效率达95.9%;只有3例并发DVT,1例并发PTE,经治疗均顺利康复。结论:通过科学的预防和护理,骨科下肢大手术患者深静脉血栓的并发率大为减少。     

128排CT对股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析128排电子计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography,CT)对股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断价值。方法：2015年1月到2020年7月选择在本院诊治的股骨头置换术后疑似下肢静脉血栓形成患者78例作为研究对象,所有患者都给予128排CT检查,记录影像学特征并判断诊断价值,分析下肢深静脉血栓形成的影响因素。结果：在78例患者中,128排CT判断图像优69例,良9例,优良率为100.0 %。静脉造影判定为术后发生下肢深静脉血栓形成11例(DVT组),发生率为14.1 %,检出病变血管45支。二分类多因素Logistic回归分析显示术中出血量、手术时间、使用激素、年龄是导致股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的重要因素(P<0.05)。DVT组的血容量(cerebral blood volume,BV)与达峰时间(time to peak,TTP)值高于非DVT组(P<0.05),血流量(blood flow, BF)与平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT)值低于非DVT组(P<0.05)。DVT组的血管狭窄评分低于非DVT组(P<0.05)。128排CT对股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊断敏感性与特异性为100.0 %和97.0 %。结论：术中出血量、手术时间、使用激素、年龄是导致股骨头置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的重要因素,128排CT能有效检出下肢深静脉血栓形成情况,具有方便、快捷、无创的特点,可为临床诊治提供可靠依据。     

Hemorheological Tests for Diagnosing the State of Venous Circulation

Hemorheological tests were used for diagnosing the state of venous circulation. Changes in the intravascular factors that determine increased blood viscosity in venous-blood insufficiency of the lower extremities were revealed by these methods. In males and females, these changes are similar but have different degrees of severity. The hemorheological shifts revealed impair the oxygen-transport capacity of the blood.     

Differential effects of venous stasis and arterial insufficiency on tissue oxygenation in myocutaneous island flaps: an experimental study in pigs.

The supply, consumption, and tissue tension of oxygen were studied in experimental bilateral myocutaneous island flaps in five control pigs and in eight pigs during progressive 1-hour intervals of flap ischemia. Progressive ischemia was obtained by partial to complete clamping of the artery in one flap, producing arterial insufficiency, and simultaneous clamping of the vein in the other flap, producing venous stasis. Blood flow was reduced to 50, 25, and 0 percent of baseline. In the arterial insufficiency flaps, the oxygen tension in subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and venous outflow was significantly reduced once blood flow was reduced to 50 percent of baseline. Oxygen consumption during partial vessel occlusion was lower in the venous stasis flaps than in the arterial insufficiency flaps when blood flow was reduced to 25 percent of baseline, suggesting either that cellular metabolism is reduced in the venous stasis flaps or that the oxygen which is delivered is unavailable for the cells. Increased presence of tissue fluid in the venous stasis flap inhibits the diffusion of oxygen through the interstitial tissue, and this may explain the lower oxygen consumption. During 3 hours of reperfusion, increased blood flow was observed in the arterial insufficiency flaps, whereas blood flow in the venous stasis flaps was sluggish. The arterial insufficiency flaps recovered more rapidly than the venous stasis flaps during the first hour of reperfusion, judged by the rate of increase in oxygen tension and the higher venous oxygen tension. Oxygen tension increased more rapidly in muscle than in subcutaneous tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The microvascular pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency.

Severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) demonstrates as chronic, hard-to-heal wounds of the lower extremity. The wound is the result of poor skin perfusion due to a complex series of pathologic events, often initiated by a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). As years pass, the DVT causes venous valvular damage and incompetence. The calf muscle pump fails to augment venous return, and venous blood pressure is chronically elevated upon standing. Mechanisms that normally prevent the transmission of venous hypertension back upstream to the dermal microcirculation are lost. Early dermal microvascular responses include increased fluid filtration and edema. An inflammatory response induces white cell activation and adhesion. It is thought that activated white cells are trapped in dermal capillaries and increase microvascular permeability. Plasma proteins leak into the tissue space, increasing the edema. Ischemic damage to the epidermis leads to epithelial cell necrosis and ulceration. The ulcer is often slow to heal, due to inadequate perfusion and delivery of substrates required for proper wound healing. Current treatments aim to improve calf pump function, reduce edema, improve perfusion, and enhance wound healing.     

Myocutaneous flap ischemia: flow dynamics following venous and arterial obstruction.

To further clarify the pathogenesis of the poorer prognosis in skin flaps exposed to venous stasis compared with arterial insufficiency, a microsphere study was conducted in bilateral rectus abdominis island flaps in seven pigs. The relationship between capillary blood flow and arteriovenous (A-V) shunting was studied during progressive 1-hour intervals of arterial insufficiency and venous stasis and during 3 hours of reperfusion. Under controlled conditions, total blood flow was reduced from 100 percent to both 50 and 25 percent by application of an adjustable clamp on the artery supplying one flap and on the vein draining the contralateral flap. The relative distribution between A-V shunt flow and capillary blood flow was different in arterial insufficiency when compared with venous stasis at both the 50 percent and the 25 percent blood flow levels. In the arterial insufficiency flaps, the A-V shunt flow and capillary blood flow shared the total blood flow in the following percentages: 64/36 (at 100 percent total blood flow), 44/56 (at 50 percent total blood flow level), and 22/78 (at 25 percent total blood flow level). In the venous stasis flaps, the A-V shunt flow and the capillary blood flow shared the total blood flow in percentages of 70/30, 66/34, and 55/45, respectively. Hence, in arterial insufficiency flaps, capillary blood flow was spared by a relatively greater decline in A-V shunting compared with venous stasis flaps. Redistribution of capillary blood flow from subcutaneous tissue to muscle was observed, whereas blood flow was equally distributed throughout the length of the flaps at all flow levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

急性右下肢深静脉血栓的临床治疗分析

目的:探讨右下肢深静脉血栓的临床治疗方法。方法:对我院2015年6月-2017年6月收治的63例右下肢深静脉血栓形成患者进行回顾性分析,从小腿周径差、彩超检查及造影3方面对疗效进行评价,并统计导管接触溶栓后患者复查肺部增强CT情况。结果:63例患者中,57例进行导管接触溶栓+下腔静脉滤器,6例进行导管接触溶栓+下腔静脉滤器+肺动脉碎栓、溶栓。治疗后,患者小腿周径差较治疗前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者显效26例,有效28例,好转8例,无效1例,临床治愈率为85.7%。63例下腔静脉滤器,取出60例,3例留置为永久性滤器。新增肺栓塞12例,无致死性肺栓塞发生。结论:导管接触溶栓对右下肢深静脉血栓的治疗效果较好,但导管接溶栓时有较高肺栓塞发生率,应积极放置下腔静脉滤器。     

Absence of venous valves in mice lacking Connexin37

Venous valves play a crucial role in blood circulation, promoting the one-way movement of blood from superficial and deep veins towards the heart. By preventing retrograde flow, venous valves spare capillaries and venules from being subjected to damaging elevations in pressure, especially during skeletal muscle contraction. Pathologically, valvular incompetence or absence of valves are common features of venous disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. The underlying causes of these conditions are not well understood, but congenital venous valve aplasia or agenesis may play a role in some cases. Despite progress in the study of cardiac and lymphatic valve morphogenesis, the molecular mechanisms controlling the development and maintenance of venous valves remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in valved veins of the mouse, three gap junction proteins (Connexins, Cxs), Cx37, Cx43, and Cx47, are expressed exclusively in the valves in a highly polarized fashion, with Cx43 on the upstream side of the valve leaflet and Cx37 on the downstream side. Surprisingly, Cx43 expression is strongly induced in the non-valve venous endothelium in superficial veins following wounding of the overlying skin. Moreover, we show that in Cx37-deficient mice, venous valves are entirely absent. Thus, Cx37, a protein involved in cell–cell communication, is one of only a few proteins identified so far as critical for the development or maintenance of venous valves. Because Cxs are necessary for the development of valves in lymphatic vessels as well, our results support the notion of common molecular pathways controlling valve development in veins and lymphatic vessels.