金雀异黄素合成品诱导人胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡的体外研究

目的:探讨金雀异黄素合成品诱导人胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡的作用机制。方法:采用2.5mg·L~(-1)、5.0mg·L~(-1)、10.0mg·L~(-1)和20.0mg·L~(-1)的金雀异黄素处理人胃癌细胞SGC-7901后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,电镜下观察细胞形态变化,RT-PCR法检测凋亡相关基因表达。结果:10.0mg·L~(-1),20.0mg·L~(-1)金雀异黄素能诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡,凋亡率与剂量正相关(相关系数r=0.9830),10.0mg·L~(-1)金雀异黄素诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901发生凋亡的形态学改变,2.5mg·L~(-1)、5.0mg·L~(-1)、10.0mg·L~(-1)和20.0mg·L~(-1)金雀异黄素使Bcl-2mRNA表达下调,Fas mRNA表达上调。结论:金雀异黄素能诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901凋亡,降低Bcl-2 mRNA表达,增加Fas mRNA表达为其诱发SGC-7901细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

茶多酚对高糖诱导人晶状体上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨茶多酚对高糖诱导的人晶状体上皮细胞(human lens epithelial cells,HLECs)凋亡的影响。方法:建立高糖诱导的HLECs模型,用不同浓度的茶多酚干预,MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,电子显微镜观察细胞形态,透射电镜观察细胞内超微结构变化,Western Blotting检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平。结果:高浓度葡萄糖抑制了HLECs活性,葡萄糖干预后细胞活性下降到42.65%±4.12%,与阴性对照组(96.07%±4.02%)比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。用不同浓度茶多酚处理后,HLECs活性分别提高到55.33%±4.15%,72.90%±3.36%和76.00%±3.79%,与氧化损伤组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);高浓度葡萄糖改变了HLECs形态及生长情况,而用茶多酚干预的高糖条件下的HLECs则较好的保持了上皮细胞的形态;高浓度葡萄糖诱导HLECs凋亡反应的发生,引起凋亡相关蛋白表达水平改变,茶多酚抑制了Bax水平的升高,促进了Bcl-2水平的下降。结论:茶多酚可以抑制高糖诱导的HLECs的凋亡,对糖尿病性白内障具有预防作用。     

塞来昔布诱导前列腺癌细胞凋亡及其机制研究

目的:研究塞来昔布对前列腺癌DU-145细胞凋亡及侵袭力的影响,并探讨其可能作用机制.方法:应用Hoechst 33342/PI染色检测细胞凋亡形态;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色流式细胞术检测不同浓度塞来昔布诱导细胞凋亡能力;RT-PCR法检测塞来昔布作用后Bcl-2、E-cadherin、ICE及COX-2 mRNA表达水平的变化.结果:Hoechst 33342/PI双染色可观察到药物作用后.细胞呈现明显凋亡现象.流式细胞术证实塞来昔布能有效诱导细胞凋亡,0、25、50、100、200μmol/L塞来昔布诱导细胞凋亡率分别为(1.10±0.15)%,(3.87±0.79)%,(10.59±1.58)%,(22.50±3.30)%,(33.85±2.71)%,细胞凋亡率呈现浓度依赖性递增.RT-PCR显示Bcl-2mRNA表达水平下调,E-cadherin mRNA表达水平上调,ICE mRNA表达水平无明显变化,COX-2 mRNA未检测到.结论:塞采昔布能有效诱导前列腺癌DU-145细胞凋亡并使其侵袭力降低.     

裂蹄木层孔菌子实体水提物诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的初步研究

研究裂蹄木层孔菌子实体水提物(WEPL)对人类克隆肝癌细胞系HepG2生长的作用。用裂蹄木层孔菌子实体水提物处理HepG2细胞后,噻唑蓝法(MTT法)可见浓度和时间依赖性抑制细胞增殖;电镜下观察凋亡小体的出现,流式细胞仪技术显示Annexin-Ⅴ染色呈阳性,都证明了HepG2细胞发生了凋亡。RT-PCR和Western Blot分析证实WEPL刺激Bax表达量上调、Bcl-2表达量下调进而诱导了细胞凋亡。结果表明WEPL诱发的克隆人类肝癌细胞系HepG2的细胞凋亡可能是通过上调Bax、下调Bcl-2活性来实现的。     

桃叶珊瑚苷对光损伤HaCaT细胞Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3表达的影响

目的:探讨桃叶珊瑚苷对紫外线B诱导的HaCaT细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3表达的影响,进一步阐明桃叶珊瑚苷抗光老化的作用机制。方法:将指数生长期HaCaT细胞随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、10~(-7)、10~(-6)、10~(-5) mol·L~(-1) AU处理组,采用64 m J·cm~(-2)的UVB照射建立细胞光损伤模型,以终浓度10~(-7)、10~(-6)、10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)AU处理光损伤细胞,试剂盒检测ROS含量、Caspase-3活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western-Blot检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达量。结果:UV照射的HaCaT细胞ROS含量、细胞凋亡率、Caspase-3活性、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达量均升高(P0.01),Bcl-2/Bax值降低(P0.01);不同浓度桃叶珊瑚苷处理后,ROS含量、Caspase-3活性、Bax蛋白表达量降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达量、Bcl-2/Bax值升高,10~(-6)、10~(-5) mol·L~(-1)桃叶珊瑚苷组与模型对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05,0.01)。结论:桃叶珊瑚苷通过清除ROS,下调Bax、Caspase-3表达,上调Bcl-2表达,抑制细胞凋亡,保护受损的HaCaT细胞,拮抗光老化。     

华蟾素诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡

本实验旨在探讨华蟾素诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的作用及其作用机制。采用不同浓度的华蟾素作用胃癌SGC-7901细胞48 h后,MTT法检测细胞活性;光学、荧光显微镜、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。Real Time RT-PCR和Western Blot分别检测Bax、Bcl-2基因m RNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示,华蟾素对胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖具有抑制作用且呈剂量依赖性关系,华蟾素处理7901细胞48 h的IC50值为35.67μg/m L,凋亡率为(5.01±1.69)%。显微镜下观察细胞呈明显凋亡现象,线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)显著下降(p0.05),细胞阻滞于G1期;Bcl-2的表达下调,Bax的表达明显增加(p0.05,p0.01)。提示华蟾素可能通过上调Bax基因,下调Bcl-2基因诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡。     

藏花素对H_2O_2诱导PC12细胞Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的影响

本文通过观察藏花素对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞的保护作用和对Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的影响,探讨藏花素对阿尔茨海默病细胞模型保护作用的机制。MTT法及LDH活性测定观察藏花素对PC12细胞模型的影响,RT-PCR检测Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3 mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的蛋白表达。藏花素预保护浓度在0.625μM和5μM之间,细胞存活率随着藏花素浓度的升高而升高;藏花素组和VE组与模型组相比,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达增加(P0.05),Bax和Caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明:藏花素可能是通过上调Bcl-2的表达,从而介导PC12细胞发挥抗氧化和细胞凋亡的生物学功能。     

白藜芦醇诱导肺癌A549细胞凋亡

本实验以人肺腺癌A549细胞为实验对象,白藜芦醇(Res)诱导细胞凋亡的效应及其机制进行了研究。用不同浓度Res处理A549细胞48 h后,癌细胞的形态和生物学反应发生了明显的变化。为了确证这些变化是特征性的细胞凋亡现象,采用MTT法检验了细胞存活率;光学和荧光显微镜观察了细胞形态结构;流式细胞术分别检测了细胞凋亡率、细胞周期和线粒体膜电位(△ψm);Real Time RT-PCR和Western blot测定了Bcl-2/Bax表达水平。结果显示,白藜芦醇能够抑制A549细胞生长,并呈剂量依赖性关系,经Res处理后的A549细胞48 h的最佳药物浓度是30μmol/L,增殖抑制率为(60.85±0.84)%,显微镜下观察细胞呈明显凋亡现象,细胞凋亡率为(17.44±0.28)%,△ψm显著下降(p0.01),使细胞阻滞于G2期和S期;下调Bcl-2,使Bax的表达明显增加,从而导致Bcl-2/Bax比值显著降低(p0.01)。这些结果表明白藜芦醇可能通过调节Bcl-2/Bax基因的途径,诱导人肺腺癌A549细胞凋亡,并抑制癌细胞的进一步增殖。     

丙二醛对体外培养下小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的诱导作用

为了探索丙二醛对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)凋亡的诱导作用及其机制,在不同浓度的丙二醛培养体系中孵育MSCs 24 h,用TUNEL法、流式细胞术检测MSC凋亡率,并用实时定量RT-PCR、Western印迹检测Bcl-2、Bax及Caspase-3基因的表达水平。结果发现,MDA能浓度依赖性地增加TUNEL阳性细胞百分率、亚G1峰细胞百分率,同时下调Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达,上调Bax mRNA和Caspase-3 mRNA及蛋白的表达.这些结果表明:在体外培养条件下,丙二醛可诱导小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡,其作用机制与Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3基因表达水平的变化有关。     

Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA在恒河猴药物流产胎盘中的表达

目的：通过检测重要的细胞凋亡调节因子Bax和Bcl-2的表达,探讨恒河猴胎盘细胞凋亡与药物流产的关系。方法：利用RT-PCR和原位杂交的方法检测恒河猴对照组和药物流产组(RU-486与AG诱导)胎盘中Bax和Bcl-2mRNA的表达。结果：Bax mRNA在流产胎盘中的表达量明显高于对照组胎盘。在胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞可见明显表达,基底层蜕膜细胞也有表达。Bcl-2mRNA在流产胎盘中的表达量明显低于对照组胎盘,表达部位与Bax类似。结论：RU-486和AG可能通过上调Bax mRNA和下调Bcl-2mRNA的表达,导致胎盘组织凋亡细胞的数量明显增加,从而影响胎盘的正常结构和功能,增加了流产的危险性。     

EGCG对H2O2诱导HLE细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨表没食子酸酯(EGCG)对体外培养的人晶状体上皮(human lens epithelial,HLE)细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法:HLE细胞传代培养,分为阴性对照组:以正常培养液培养;氧化损伤组:100μmol·L~(-1)的H_2O_2作用12 h;EGCG低浓度组:10μmol·L~(-1)EGCG孵育24 h后,加入H_2O_2作用12 h;EGCG高浓度组:100μmol·L~(-1)EGCG孵育24 h后,加入H_2O_2作用12 h。MTT比色法检测细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Hochest33258染色观察凋亡细胞形态,比色法检测凋亡相关因子caspses-3及caspase-9的表达。结果:EGCG能明显抑制H_2O_2诱导的HLE细胞活力的下降,用不同浓度EGCG处理后,HLE细胞活性分别提高到51.00%±2.37%和63.67%±2.29%,与氧化损伤组(40.33%±2.86%)比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);经不同浓度EGCG处理后,HLE细胞凋亡率分别下降至33.33±3.12%和22.80±1.67%,与氧化损伤组(43.03±2.43%)比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);此外,EGCG还能明显减少H_2O_2所致HLE细胞内caspses-3及caspase-9的表达。结论:EGCG通过抑制caspses-3及caspase-9的表达有效抑制了H_2O_2对HLE细胞的损伤,从而为其用于治疗HLE细胞损伤提供可靠的实验依据。     

软脂酸对胰岛β细胞凋亡及Akt途径的影响

目的：探讨软脂酸（PA）对胰岛β细胞（MIN6细胞）凋亡及Akt信号途径的影响。方法：细胞采用小鼠胰岛素瘤细胞株MIN6,不同浓度PA（0-1．6mmol／L）干预24、48h,MTT、法测定各组细胞存活率。干预48h后Hoechst-PI染色法和Annexin—V／PI双标流式测定法测定各组细胞凋亡率,Western-blot法测定p-Akt、Akt、Bax、Bcl-2。结果：随着PA浓度的增高①MIN6细胞存活率逐渐减小、凋亡率逐渐增大;②MIN6细胞中p-Akt和Bcl-2的表达逐渐减少,而Akt、Bax无明显改变。结论：长时间PA作用引起MIN6细胞凋亡,并呈现一定的量效关系;这一效应可能是通过Akt／Bcl-2产生作用的。     

Effects of overexpression of pancreatic derived factor (FAM3B) in isolated mouse islets and insulin-secreting betaTC3 cells

PANcreatic DERived factor (PANDER, FAM3B) is a recently discovered islet-specific cytokine. We have previously shown that, in vitro, truncated recombinant PANDER isoforms (20 and 21 kDa) are cytotoxic to beta-cell lines but the effects of full-length PANDER on islet biology remain unclear. In this study, we used adenovirus (Ad-PANDER) to overexpress full-length cDNA of PANDER in islets and betaTC3 cells. BetaTC3 cells were infected with Ad-PANDER or control vector. After 48 h, cell viability was significantly decreased as evaluated by MTT assay. The number of dead cells was significantly increased as indicated by the fluorescent intensity of the propidium iodide-stained cells (160 +/- 13 vs. control 100 +/- 7%, P = 0.001). Flow cytometric Tunel assay showed that overexpressing PANDER induced a significant fourfold increase in beta-cell apoptosis (19.4 +/- 6.3 vs. control 4.1 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the number of annexin V-positive (apoptotic) cells and propidium iodide-positive (dead) cells in mouse islets infected with Ad-PANDER compared with control cells infected with Ad-LacZ. Addition of 4 nM recombinant PANDER protein to betaTC3 cells or infection of Ad-PANDER did not affect Akt and STAT1 phosphorylation, Bcl-2, Fas, and NF-kappaB protein levels. However, activation of caspase-3 was observed in betaTC3 and islets infected with Ad-PANDER. Overexpression of PANDER in mouse islets or addition of recombinant PANDER decreased insulin secretion induced by carbachol plus glucose or high potassium but not that by glucose alone. Culture with recombinant PANDER did not affect glucose-induced NAD(P)H elevation in mouse islets. In conclusion, Ad-PANDER infection is as effective as truncated recombinant PANDER to induce betaTC3 cell and mouse islet apoptosis.     

Possible modulatory effect of endogenous islet catecholamines on insulin secretion

Background

The possible participation of endogenous islet catecholamines (CAs) in the control of insulin secretion was tested.

Methods

Glucose-induced insulin secretion was measured in the presence of 3-Iodo-L-Tyrosine (MIT), a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-hydroxylase activity, in fresh and precultured islets isolated from normal rats. Incubated islets were also used to measure CAs release in the presence of low and high glucose, and the effect of α2-(yohimbine [Y] and idazoxan [I]) and α1-adrenergic antagonists (prazosin [P] and terazosin [T]) upon insulin secretion elicited by high glucose.

Results

Fresh islets incubated with 16.7 mM glucose released significantly more insulin in the presence of 1 μM MIT (6.66 ± 0.39 vs 5.01 ± 0.43 ng/islet/h, p < 0.02), but did not affect significantly the insulin response to low glucose. A similar enhancing effect of MIT upon insulin secretion was obtained using precultured islets devoid of neural cells, but absolute values were lower than those from fresh islets, suggesting that MIT inhibits islet rather than neural tyrosine hydroxylase. CAs concentration in the incubation media of fresh isolated islets was significantly higher in the presence of 16.7 than 3.3 mM glucose: dopamine 1.67 ± 0.13 vs 0.69 ± 0.13 pg/islet/h, p < 0.001, and noradrenaline 1.25 ± 0.17 vs 0.49 ± 0.04 pg/islet/h, p < 0.02. Y and I enhanced the release of insulin elicited by 16.7 mM glucose while P and T decreased such secretion.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that islet-originated CAs directly modulate insulin release in a paracrine manner.     

Testing Pancreatic Islet Function at the Single Cell Level by Calcium Influx with Associated Marker Expression

Studying the response of islet cells to glucose stimulation is important for understanding cell function in healthy and disease states. Most functional assays are performed on whole islets or cell populations, resulting in averaged observations and loss of information at the single cell level. We demonstrate methods to examine calcium fluxing in individual cells of intact islets in response to multiple glucose challenges. Wild-type mouse islets predominantly contained cells that responded to three (out of three) sequential high glucose challenges, whereas cells of diabetic islets (db/db or NOD) responded less frequently or not at all. Imaged islets were also immunostained for endocrine markers to associate the calcium flux profile of individual cells with gene expression. Wild-type mouse islet cells that robustly fluxed calcium expressed β cell markers (INS/NKX6.1), whereas islet cells that inversely fluxed at low glucose expressed α cell markers (GCG). Diabetic mouse islets showed a higher proportion of dysfunctional β cells that responded poorly to glucose challenges. Most of the failed calcium influx responses in β cells were observed in the second and third high glucose challenges, emphasizing the importance of multiple sequential glucose challenges for assessing the full function of islet cells. Human islet cells were also assessed and showed functional α and β cells. This approach to analyze islet responses to multiple glucose challenges in correlation with gene expression assays expands the understanding of β cell function and the diseased state.     

Enzymatic,metabolic and secretory perturbations in pancreatic islets of thyroidectomized rats

In thyroidectomized rats, the activity of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was severely diminished in liver homogenates but not affected significantly in pancreatic islet homogenates, whilst the activity of 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was decreased modestly in both liver and islet homogenates. Likewise, in intact islets of thyroidectomized rats, the generation of³HOH from [2-³H]glycerol was not decreased, and the ratio between oxidative and total glycolysis not significantly lower than in islets from sham-operated rats, at least in the presence of a high concentration of D-glucose. Nevertheless impaired oxidation of both D-[3,4-¹⁴C]glucose and D-[6-¹⁴C]glucose was observed in islets of thyroidectomized rats, the relative magnitude of such a decrease being more pronounced at a low than at a high D-glucose concentration. Such metabolic anomalies coincided with a lower level of plasma insulin and a decreased output of insulin by islets incubated at low (2·8 mM ), but not higher, concentrations of D-glucose. It is concluded that hypothyroidism does not mimic the deficiency in islet FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity found in rats with inherited or acquired non-insulin-dependent diabetes.     

Miglitol (BAY m 1099) Treatment of Diabetic Hypothalamic-Dietary Obese Rats Improves Islet Response to Glucose

AXEN, KATHLEEN V., XUE LI, AND ANTHONY SCLAFANI. Miglitol (BAY m 1099) treatment of diabetic hypothalamic-dietary obese rats improves islet response to glucose. Obes Res. 1999;7:83–89. Objective : The well-absorbed α-glucosidase inhibitor, miglitol (BAY m 1099), was included in the diets of hypothalamic-dietary obese diabetic rats to investigate its ability to improve glycemia and thereby reverse glucotoxic effects on islet secretory response. Research Methods and Procedures : Female rats received bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus and were fed high-fat, sucrosesupplemented diets until hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia were observed after 3 hours of food deprivation (nonfed). Diabetic animals were assigned to miglitol-treated (40 mg/17 g of diet) or untreated groups for 3 weeks; pancreatic islets were isolated for incubation experiments. Results : No differences in food intake, body weights, or nonfed plasma glucose or insulin levels were seen between treated and untreated diabetic rats. Islets isolated from untreated diabetic rats showed elevated basal insulin release and no insulin secretory response to an elevation in glucose concentration. In contrast, islets obtained from miglitol-treated rats showed more normal basal release and a significant insulin secretory response to glucose. Incubation of islets, obtained from normal control rats or untreated diabetic rats, in media containing miglitol at levels estimated to exist in plasma of treated rats had no effect on islet insulin secretory responses to glucose. Discussion : Islet secretory response was improved despite continued hyperglycemia and severe insulin resistance. Miglitol treatment may improve islet sensitivity to glucose either through effects on islet metabolism requiring prolonged exposure or by improvement in postmeal glycemia, despite persistent hyperglycemia.     

Negative Feedback Synchronizes Islets of Langerhans

Insulin is released from the pancreas in pulses with a period of ∼ 5 min. These oscillatory insulin levels are essential for proper liver utilization and perturbed pulsatility is observed in type 2 diabetes. What coordinates the many islets of Langerhans throughout the pancreas to produce unified oscillations of insulin secretion? One hypothesis is that coordination is achieved through an insulin-dependent negative feedback action of the liver onto the glucose level. This hypothesis was tested in an in vitro setting using a microfluidic system where the population response from a group of islets was input to a model of hepatic glucose uptake, which provided a negative feedback to the glucose level. This modified glucose level was then delivered back to the islet chamber where the population response was again monitored and used to update the glucose concentration delivered to the islets. We found that, with appropriate parameters for the model, oscillations in islet activity were synchronized. This approach demonstrates that rhythmic activity of a population of physically uncoupled islets can be coordinated by a downstream system that senses islet activity and supplies negative feedback. In the intact animal, the liver can play this role of the coordinator of islet activity.