微孔草—1—亚麻酸的新资源

微孔草和西藏微孔草广布于青藏高原及其邻近地区,野生资源比较丰富。经分析测定,微孔草和西藏微孔草种子(小坚果)含油率分别为44.82%和31.4%,比月见草种子油含量(19%)高得多。而油中r-亚麻酸的含量分别为8.32%和6.82%,与月见草种子油相近。因此,应作为一种r-亚麻酸新资源去进行进一步研究和开发利用,有希望成为新的经济植物。     

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)种质资源改良研究进展

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)是主产于中国的世界著名的暖季型草坪草.全面系统地研究假俭草在遗传多样性和抗性生理等各方面的变异变化规律对于开发利用假俭草种质资源具有十分重要的意义.在综述假俭草种质资源的收集、整理和初步评价的基础上,重点介绍了近年来国内外在其遗传多样性(包括形态水平、细胞水平和分子水平)、抗性生理、育种进程和栽培管理措施等方面的研究进展.     

开发利用珍稀野生油料植物微孔草

开发利用珍稀野生油料植物微孔草强健琛（四川省草原研究所江原６２４４００）微孔草（ＭｈａＯｕｌａｓｌｚｋｉ１ｎｅｎｓｔｓＨｅｍｓｌ．）是我国高寒草地特有的野生油料植物,在草地植被中属优势群落的建群种。开发利用微孔草是发展我国的优质高效油源（γ－亚麻酸）...     

青藏高原野生油料植物微孔草

微孔草为紫草科（Borginaceae）微孔草属（MincroulaBenth）两年生草本野生油科植物。全世界共有30种和8个变种，我国均有分布。其中，26种为我国特有种，主要分布于青藏高原及其毗邻高寒地区。锡金微孔草和西藏微孔草分布最广，是青藏高原的常见杂草。经分析，其种子的含油率高于月见草种子，且种子油的脂肪酸优于月见草。月见草是80年代中英国科学家在46种植物中找到的油中含γ-亚麻酸含量达8％的植物。由于个亚麻酸等为人体必需脂肪酸，因此人们对这种植物资源的开发利用非常重视，每斤油的收购价达几十元。锡金微孔草种子含油率38％～…     

黄花补血草的开发利用价值与栽培技术

黄花补血草是蓝雪科补血草属多年生草本植物,在我国华北、西北及四川等省均有分布。由于其独特的生物学特征,具有很高的开发利用价值。就黄花补血草的形态特征、分布范围、开发利用价值和其栽培技术等进行了论述。目前,必须重视黄花补血草种质资源的保护,在黄花补血草产业化种植还没有形成之前,对其利用必须走开发与保护相结合的道路。     

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.)Hack.)种质资源改良研究进展

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.)Hack.)是主产于中国的世界著名的暖季型草坪草。全面系统地研究假俭草在遗传多样性和抗性生理等各方面的变异变化规律对于开发利用假俭草种质资源具有十分重要的意义。在综述假俭草种质资源的收集、整理和初步评价的基础上,重点介绍了近年来国内外在其遗传多样性(包括形态水平、细胞水平和分子水平)、抗性生理、育种进程和栽培管理措施等方面的研究进展。     

保健油料新资源──微孔草

微孔草（Microulasikkimensis）,系紫草科微孔草属草本植物,别称锡金微孔草,藏民称西须,青海当地人称野菠菜、锚眼,主要分布于青海、西藏、甘肃、四川、云南等地,生长在海拔2900－4500米的高寒草甸、农田、荒地等处。微孔草适应性强,长势良好,常形成大片的纳群落,盛夏花季犹如蓝色的锦毯盖地,十分可人。近些年的研究表明,微孔革是一种开发前景十分广阔的保健油料新资源。其种子含油率高达45％,据分析油中不饱和脂肪酸约占总脂肪酸的86％,人体必须的脂肪酸（EFA）约占43％。其中Y一亚麻酸含量为8．l％,与月见草油接近。它还…     

火绒草资源调查研究

目的:深入调查研究辽宁地区药用植物火绒草的分布、资源及使用概况,为火绒草的合理开发利用提供依据.方法:采用文献查阅方法、野外样线调查和样地、样方调查相结合的方法,对以昌图县为代表性地区及辽宁其他地区火绒草的分布区域、生长情况及生态环境等进行调查分析.结果:辽宁为火绒草主要分布区,主要生长在干旱、向阳环境,多分布在沈阳、...     

蚤草属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

蚤草属植物的化学成分类型丰富,主要包括倍半萜、二萜、黄酮、单萜、挥发油、酚类等。该属植物具有抗菌、细胞毒、抗癌等生物活性。对国内外有关该属植物的化学成分和生物活性的研究进行了综述,为该植物资源的进一步研究和开发利用提供依据。     

霜霉属菌一新种——微孔草霜霉

本文报道寄生于甘青微孔草(Microula pseudotrichocarpa W.T.Wang)和疏花微孔草[M.diffusa(Maxim.)Johnst.]上的霜霉属一新种——微孔草霜霉(Peronospora microulaeMeng et G.Y.Yin)。以汉文和拉丁文描述此新种的形态性状,并。附图     

Marine plant harvest in Portugal

This work brings together the scattered information on marine plant harvests and the colloid extraction industry in Portugal, as an initial contribution to the improvement of resource management. The first phase of exploitation of marine plant resources started prior to the 14th century, with the gathering and sale of storm-tossed seaweeds for fertilizer. The harvest of seagrasses and algae at Ria de Aveiro was of great economic importance. The second phase of resource exploitation began with the wider scale harvest of agarophyte species for colloid extraction. Portugal is at present the third largest harvester of the agarophytes Gelidium and Pterocladia (2500 t annually), and it is the fifth largest agar producer (350 t annually). Other colloid-producing species, including Chondrus crispus and Mastocarpus stellatus, are also harvested for export. The total agarophyte landings, agar production and income from agar exports is far below the maximum levels attained in the early 1970s. The status of stocks in each different harvest zone on the continental coast and the Azores is examined. Although there is an effective management structure for the Portuguese marine plant resource, research is needed to provide a sound biological basis for management. author for correspondence     

Structure and function of a non-interactive, reactive insect-plant system

Rhagoletis alternata is a common tephritid fly in central Europe, whose larvae feed on the hypanthium of rose hips. The resource-consumer system is “non-interactive”, i.e. the insect has little or no impact on host plant fitness and therefore is not able to influence the rate at which larval food resources are renewed. The system is “reactive”, since fluctuations in the carrying capacity (hip density) of the host plant are important for determining year-to-year fluctuations in the insect's population size. Insect fluctuations exceed those of its carrying capacity. The insect's efficient exploitation strategy, maximizing its fitness at high as well as low resource supply, must be attributed to the variable and unpredictable relationship between resource availability and consumer density. The only regulatory mechanism is contest competition when larval densities exceed the carrying capacity. Due to the low impact of the insect, its exploitation strategy is apparently not opposed by mechanisms selecting for defence in the host plant. This lack of defence and the efficient exploitation strategy may be important factors for the frequently observed high degree of the resource utilization by the insect. Received: 3 November 1997 / Accepted: 22 January 1998     

红花的资源及药用价值

红花是一种传统的药用植物,也是一种新型的油用和工业资源植物.本文综述了红花的资源及分布、红花的药理作用及临床应用和红花的开发利用.表明红花是一种重要的经济植物,具有较大的开发应用潜力.     

庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性及持续利用对策

庐山是我国著名的风景旅游和避暑胜地,也是我国中亚热带北缘植物多样性的宝库．本文在广泛调查、收集、整理的基础上,研究了庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性特征、分布、类型及其配置．本区分布有野生观赏植物５２８种,隶属于１１５科２９０属,其中乔木类１３８种,灌木类１４０种,藤木类５２种,草本类１９８种．并根据开发与保护现状对庐山野生观赏植物资源多样性的持续利用提出了切实可行的对策．     

Species traits and interaction rules shape a species‐rich seed‐dispersal interaction network

Species phenotypic traits affect the interaction patterns and the organization of seed‐dispersal interaction networks. Understanding the relationship between species characteristics and network structure help us understand the assembly of natural communities and how communities function. Here, we examine how species traits may affect the rules leading to patterns of interaction among plants and fruit‐eating vertebrates. We study a species‐rich seed‐dispersal system using a model selection approach to examine whether the rules underlying network structure are driven by constraints in fruit resource exploitation, by preferential consumption of fruits by the frugivores, or by a combination of both. We performed analyses for the whole system and for bird and mammal assemblages separately, and identified the animal and plant characteristics shaping interaction rules. The structure of the analyzed interaction network was better explained by constraints in resource exploitation in the case of birds and by preferential consumption of fruits with specific traits for mammals. These contrasting results when looking at bird–plant and mammal–plant interactions suggest that the same type of interaction is organized by different processes depending on the assemblage we focus on. Size‐related restrictions of the interacting species (both for mammals and birds) were the most important factors driving the interaction rules. Our results suggest that the structure of seed‐dispersal interaction networks can be explained using species traits and interaction rules related to simple ecological mechanisms.     

Lithic Resource Utilization Patterns in the Middle Missouri Subarea

Abstract

Some years ago Donald Lehmer (1954) suggested, on the basis of data from sites near the Oahe Dam, that Middle Missouri Tradition and Coalescent Tradition populations practiced distinctly different lithic resource exploitation patterns. This study attempts to evaluate and expand upon Lehmer’s observations using data from four archaeological sites near Mobridge, South Dakota. An underlying premise is that studies of lithic resource exploitation must be grounded in a firm understanding of the geologic and geographic parameters of the natural resource base. Toward this end, field reconnaissanceand geologic information are used to define 12 stone types which occur in high frequency in the chipped stone artifact assemblages and which have reasonably well defined natural source locations and conditions. Comparisons of the four site assemblages according to the frequency of occurrence of these stone types supports Lehmer’s observations, and illustratescontrastive patterns of resource exploitation associated with the two cultural traditions. Coalescent populations relied heavily on several stone types occurring naturally in the Big Badlands and Black Hills of South Dakota, while Middle Missouri populations generally ignored these sources and relied heavily on Knife River Flint as a major lithic resource. These contrastive exploitation patterns appear to have remained relatively constant through time and across considerable space.     

The Holocene Prehistory of a coastal wetland system: Discovery Bay,Southeastern Australia

Recent theories of socio-economic change in hunter-gatherer societies have referred to associated changes in intensity and mode of resource exploitation. These ideas are examined in the light of pollen and charcoal analyses of an Australian coastal wetland system which allow, at the local scale, (1) documentation of resource availability, (2) identification of resource use, particularly where fire technology is involved, and (3) examination of the effect of environmental change on the archeological record. Evidence of plant food management through fire around 6800 BP suggests a longer history of deliberate swamp exploitation than indicated by the archeological record, and lends support to models which propose long-term gradual change in zones of high productivity.     

伊犁河流域红果小檗资源分布与形态调查

红果小檗(Berberis nummularia Bge.)系小檗科(Berberidaceae)小檗属(Berberis L.)植物,是新疆及中亚地区特有的植物物种之一.对伊犁河流域的药食兼用植物红果小檗(Berberis nummularia Bge.)的资源分布、形态特征、生态条件、繁殖特征及人工栽培等进行了综合调查、对植物各部位标本采集及采样分析研究,并对其药用价值、经济价值、生态价值、观赏价值、资源开发及保护管理等方面进行了系统地探讨,为民族药的发掘和整理、丰富中华民族中药宝库以及野生植物资源的保护和合理开发可持续性利用提供了科学依据.     

不同海拔微孔草抗氧化系统的比较研究

对生长在3个不同海拔自然生境下微孔草(Microula sikkimensis)叶中的抗氧化系统进行了比较研究.结果表明,生长在高海拔的微孔草叶中抗氧化酶类SOD、POD和CAT活性比生长在低海拔的活性高,其中大通牛场的微孔草叶中3种酶活性最高;APX的活性随海拔的升高而升高,且低海拔地区西宁的APX活性极显著低于高海拔地区大通和海北站(P<0.01);作为非酶抗氧化系统物质之一的抗坏血酸(ASA)含量随海拔的升高而降低.高海拔地区微孔草叶中可溶性糖含量极高(P<0.01);可溶性蛋白含量随海拔升高呈V字形变化.光合色素Chla、Chl b和Car的含量均随着海拔升高而增加,Chl a/b比值随海拔升高而降低.MDA的含量随海拔升高有增加的趋势,西宁和大通的相比较,MDA含量差异显著(P<0.05),说明微孔草叶细胞膜脂过氧化程度随海拔升高加剧.生长在不同海拔高度的微孔草对不同海拔高度环境变化具有相应的生理适应性和抗氧化策略.     

The plant's capacity in regulating resource demand

Regulation of resource allocation in plants is the key to integrate understanding of metabolism and resource flux across the whole plant. The challenge is to understand trade-offs as plants balance allocation between different and conflicting demands, e.g., for staying competitive with neighbours and ensuring defence against parasites. Related hypothesis evaluation can, however, produce equivocal results. Overcoming deficits in understanding underlying mechanisms is achieved through integrated experimentation and modelling the various spatio-temporal scaling levels, from genetic control and cell metabolism towards resource flux at the stand level. An integrated, interdisciplinary research concept on herbaceous and woody plants and its outcome to date are used, while drawing attention to currently available knowledge. This assessment is based on resource allocation as driven through plant-pathogen and plant-mycorrhizosphere interaction, as well as competition with neighbouring plants in stands, conceiving such biotic interactions as a "unity" in the control of allocation. Biotic interaction may diminish or foster effects of abiotic stress on allocation, as changes in allocation do not necessarily result from metabolic re-adjustment but may obey allometric rules during ontogeny. Focus is required on host-pathogen interaction under variable resource supply and disturbance, including effects of competition and mycorrhization. Cost/benefit relationships in balancing resource investments versus gains turned out to be fundamental in quantifying competitiveness when related to the space, which is subject to competitive resource exploitation. A space-related view of defence as a form of prevention of decline in competitiveness may promote conversion of resource turnover across the different kinds of biotic interaction, given their capacity in jointly controlling whole plant resource allocation.