黄秋葵不同品系和不同组织部位的果胶和咖啡因含量比较研究

黄秋葵是一种具有保健功效的经济作物。通过对10个黄秋葵品系及QK-6不同组织的果胶和咖啡因含量进行了测定,实验结果表明,黄秋葵品系间(取幼嫩果荚为参比)及同种不同部位间的果胶含量差异较大,其中QK-4的果胶含量最高,为24.05%;QK-6中幼嫩果荚的果胶含量明显高于其它部位,达到20.73%。此外,所有黄秋葵中均检测不到咖啡因。上述研究结果为黄秋葵的药用、食用和经济价值的深度开发提供了科学依据。     

黄秋葵的研究进展及应用前景

介绍了黄秋葵的营养成分和功效特色,食用、饲用、产业、观赏等方面的利用价值,综述了黄秋葵开发利用的研究进展和发展前景。     

黄秋葵番茄红素β-环化酶LCYB基因的克隆与分析

应用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆得到cDNA全长1797 bp的黄秋葵(Hibiscus esculentus L.)番茄红素β-环化酶基因LCYB,开放阅读框(ORF)包含1509个碱基;预测编码503个氨基酸,理论分子量(Mw)为56.288 kD,等电点(p I)为4.577;编码的蛋白与陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)、黄麻(Corchorus capsularis L.)和可可(Theobroma cacao L.)同源蛋白的相似性均在88%以上,显示其高度的保守性,将基因命名为HeLCYB,GenBank登录号为:KX257998。Motif Scan分析显示,蛋白氨基酸序列88~481位为HeLCYB保守结构域,并在88~113位含有1个FAD结合域。通过荧光定量PCR分析表明,HeLCYB基因在黄秋葵根、茎、叶、花和果荚中均有表达;叶片生长中以成熟叶中表达最高,果实发育中以花后7d高表达。建立与优化了黄秋葵类胡萝卜素超高效液相检测体系,结果显示黄秋葵中主要含有β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素。β-胡萝卜素在成熟叶中含量最高,果实以花后7 d含量最高,与HeLCYB基因的表达呈正相关。本研究揭示了HeLCYB基因表达和类胡萝卜素积累的特性,为开展黄秋葵类胡萝卜素分子调控机制研究奠定了基础。     

米邦塔仙人掌的研究进展与开发应用

米邦塔仙人掌是一种具有较高营养价值的新型保健蔬菜,有很高的应用价值和开发潜力。主要介绍了近年来米邦塔仙人掌引种我国后的栽种技术、营养成分、保健价值及其应用和开发进展等,在此基础上对其产业发展中存在的问题与对策进行了探讨。     

栀子的药用与保健价值及其应用研究进展

目的：研究栀子的药用及保健价值,为栀子相关产品的研发提供科学依据。方法：回顾栀子研究相关文献,综述栀子及其相关产品的主要成分、药理作用及保健功效。结果和结论：栀子具有良好的药用与保健价值,可进一步开发成安全、有效的栀子药用产品。     

黄秋葵类胡萝卜素合成基因LCYB的克隆与分析

本研究应用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆得到cDNA全长1797 bp的黄秋葵番茄红素β-环化酶基因LCYB,开放阅读框(ORF) 1509个碱基;预测编码503个AA,理论分子量(Mw)为56.288 kD,等电点(pI)为4.577;编码的蛋白与陆地棉(Gossypium raimondii)、黄麻(Corchorus olitorius)和可可(Theobroma cacao)同源蛋白的相似性均在88%以上,显示其高度的保守性,将基因命名为HyLCYB,GeneBank登录号为：KX257998。Motif Scan分析显示,蛋白氨基酸序列88 ~ 481位为HyLCYB保守结构域,并在88 ~ 113位含有1个FAD结合域。通过荧光定量PCR 分析表明,LCYB基因在黄秋葵根、茎、叶、花和果荚中都有表达;叶片生长中以成熟叶中表达最高,果实发育中以花后7天高表达。建立与优化了黄秋葵类胡萝卜素超高效液相检测体系,黄秋葵中主要含有β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素。β-胡萝卜素在成熟叶中含量最高, 果实以花后7天的果实含量最高,与LCYB基因的表达存在一定的相关性。     

儿童保健对早产儿生长和智力发育的影响及相关性研究

为了探究正常的儿童保健对早产儿生长和智力发育的影响,并明确早产儿的生长和智力发育分别与儿童保健的影响,本研究选取40例早产儿,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组20例。对照组进行常规育儿管理,观察组采用儿童保健管理。统计分析两组早产儿在0.5岁、1岁、1.5岁和2岁的生长(头围,体重和身高)和智力(智力和心理活动)发育情况及相关性。研究发现,儿童保健可明显促进早产儿的生长和智力发育,且正规儿童保健与早产儿的生长和智力发育呈正相关关系,均具有显著性差异。本研究结果说明,儿童保健可明显促进早产儿的生长和智力发育,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

黄秋葵面条的研制

以黄秋葵粉、面粉为主要原料，在单因素试验的基础上，通过L9(33)正交试验对黄秋葵面条的加工工艺进行优化，结果表明：黄秋葵面条的最佳制作工艺条件为黄秋葵粉添加量7%、盐添加量2%、水添加量39%,在该加工工艺条件下制作得到的黄秋葵面条表面颜色均匀且光滑，略有黄秋葵的风味，质构咀嚼性为3 010.15，感官品质评分为 41.58分，可接受程度高。     

黄秋葵组培快繁的研究

黄秋葵 (ＨｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｓＬ .)为锦葵科一年生草本植物 ,别名羊角豆、秋葵。原产非洲 ,欧美及东南亚热带地区广泛栽培 (马传先 ,1999;李正应 ,1993;翁文 ,1997;雪珍等 ,1999)。黄秋葵是一种营养保健型蔬菜 ,其花、叶、芽、果均可食用 ,种子富含油脂、蛋白质及钾、钙、铁、锌、锰等矿物质 ,晒干后既可用于提取油脂和蛋白质 ,还可作为咖啡的添加剂或代用品。花、种子和根均可入药 ,对恶疮、痛疖有疗效。黄秋葵的愈伤组织在一定条件下比较容易产生体细胞胚并再生成完整植株 ,故黄秋葵的组培快繁研究也可为胚胎学研究和人…     

银杏叶的药用和保健价值及其应用研究进展

目的：探讨银杏叶的药用与保健价值,为银杏叶相关产品的研发提供借鉴。方法：通过对银杏叶研究相关的文献的回顾,综述银杏叶及其相关产品的主要成分、药理作用及保健功效。结果与结论：银杏叶具有良好的药用与保健价值,可进一步开发安全、有效的银杏叶药用产品。     

Sequence of the gene for Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin associated with infant botulism,expression of the C-terminal half of heavy chain and its binding activity

Previously, we demonstrated that the neurotoxin of strain 111 (111/NT) associated with type B infant botulism showed antigenic and biological properties different from that (Okra/NT) produced by a foodborne botulism-related strain, Okra. In this study, the neurotoxin genes of 111/NT and Okra/NT were amplified and the sequences determined. The nucleotide sequences of the genes for both neurotoxins possessed an open reading frame of 3873 bp that encoded 1291 amino acids. The identities of nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences were 97.6% and 95.7%, respectively. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions was 0.47. The amino acid substitutions between 111/NT and Okra/NT occurred mainly in the domain of the C-terminal half of heavy chain (H(C)) responsible for binding to its receptor complex of protein and ganglioside. To characterize the binding capability of the H(C), recombinant genes for the H(C) and two hybrid H(C) in which one half of Okra/NT was replaced by the homologous half of 111/NT were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The binding activity of the recombinant H(C) of 111/NT to the protein receptor synaptotagmin II, in the presence of ganglioside GT1b, was 4.2-fold less than Okra/NT, consistent with the corresponding two NTs. The use of hybrid H(C) revealed that mutation of 23 residues in carboxy terminal half of H(C) (1029-1291) of Okra/NT could be attributed to the lower binding activity of 111/NT and thus the differences in binding affinity between the two BoNT/B.     

Roles of arginine in growth of Clostridium botulinum Okra B.

Group I strains of Clostridium botulinum are known to degrade arginine by the arginine deiminase pathway. We have found that C. botulinum Okra B consumed a level of arginine (20 g/liter) higher than the basal requirement for growth (3 g/liter). Arginine was probably the preferred source of nitrogen for biosynthesis but did not serve as a major source of energy. Citrulline and proline were produced as major fermentation products in media containing high levels of arginine, but in media with basal amounts of arginine these products were produced in lower quantities during growth and were later reassimilated. The results indicate that C. botulinum Okra B changes its metabolism during consumption of surplus arginine, and this change is associated with toxin repression, formation of citrulline and proline as end products, and possibly resistance to environmental stresses such as increased acidity and osmolarity.     

Roles of arginine in growth of Clostridium botulinum Okra B.

Group I strains of Clostridium botulinum are known to degrade arginine by the arginine deiminase pathway. We have found that C. botulinum Okra B consumed a level of arginine (20 g/liter) higher than the basal requirement for growth (3 g/liter). Arginine was probably the preferred source of nitrogen for biosynthesis but did not serve as a major source of energy. Citrulline and proline were produced as major fermentation products in media containing high levels of arginine, but in media with basal amounts of arginine these products were produced in lower quantities during growth and were later reassimilated. The results indicate that C. botulinum Okra B changes its metabolism during consumption of surplus arginine, and this change is associated with toxin repression, formation of citrulline and proline as end products, and possibly resistance to environmental stresses such as increased acidity and osmolarity.     

Canopy photosynthesis and its relationship to plant productivity in near-isogenic cotton lines differing in leaf morphology

A 2-year study was conducted to determine the relationships between plant canopy photosynthesis, canopy light interception, and plant productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) exhibiting differing leaf morphologies. The near-isogenic lines were from a single background (MD 65-11) and represented the leaf shapes Normal (small leaf lobing), Sub-Okra (intermediate leaf lobing), Okra (large leaf lobing), and Super Okra (severe leaf lobing). The F₁ of a cross Normal × Okra (intermediate leaf lobing) and the F₂ (segregating 1:2:1 for Normal Sub-Okra, and Okra, respectively) were also grown. Reduced plant canopies were produced by Okra and Super Okra lines, which translated into increased light penetration to the ground, and hence, in reduced canopy photosynthesis. Integrated canopy photosynthesis (ICAP) was significantly associated with light interception by the plant canopy. Part of the remaining variability in ICAP was associated with confounding factors associated with plant maturity and other unmeasured genotypic factors. Intermediate (F₁ and Sub-Okra) and normal leaf types displayed the largest ICAP values in both years. Lint production was positively related to ICAP (R² = 0.53). The combination of high ICAP values and competitive lint yields indicate that intermediate lobed leaf morphologies offer promise as productive sources of physiological variation for cotton germplasm development.     

不同黄秋葵花中总黄酮的提取和含量测定

通过对超声波法、水浴法、水浴超声波法、水浴微波法四种不同方式辅助提取黄秋葵花中总黄酮的方法进行比较,确定以水浴超声波法辅助提取测定黄秋葵花中总黄酮效果较好.采用紫外可见分光光度法,以芦丁为标准品,样品总黄酮在0.00 ～0.067 mg/mL范围内线性良好,其回归方程为y=12.046x-0.0015,R2 =0.9993.采用水浴超声波法辅助提取、硝酸铝显色法测定11个湘葵品系的样品花中总黄酮含量,结果表明：在11种黄秋葵花样品中,湘葵3号的花中总黄酮含量最高,为5.29％,湘葵8号的花中总黄酮含量最低,为1.70％.上述研究结果为黄秋葵的质量评价及今后的产业化研究提供新思路.     

秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用

本研究考察了秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。研究显示,对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量(10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg)的秋葵籽油4周后,秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油降低了小鼠血清乳酸和尿素氮水平,并升高了血清游离脂肪酸和肝糖原水平(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,并抑制了MDA的合成(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油抑制了力竭游泳诱导的小鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平及肝脏组织NO水平的升高(p<0.05)。此外,苏木精和伊红(HE)染色证实了秋葵籽油减轻了力竭游泳诱导的肝脏病理改变。因此,本研究初步结论表明,在高强度运动过程中,秋葵籽油可通过抑制乳酸和尿素氮的积累、增加脂肪动员、降低糖原消耗、减弱氧化应激损伤等多种途径来对肝脏发挥保护作用。     

Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease in Okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L.): An Overview on Causal Agent,Vector and Management

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) belongs to the Malvaceae family and is one of the most essential and popular vegetables globally. It is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins. Abiotic and biotic factors threaten okra productivity. Okra yellow vein mosaic disease (OYVMD) is the most destructive disease of okra. The causal agent, [(i.e., Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV)] of this disease belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. OYVMV is a monopartite with additional ssDNA molecule. This virus has two components DNA-A for protein coding and DNA-B for symptoms induction. Whitefly transmits OYVMV in persistent manner. Characteristic symptoms of OYVMV infected okra plants are chlorosis, dwarfing, and yellowing of veins and fruits. High temperatures with moderate rainfall enhance the development of OYVMV disease and the whitefly population. However, high humidity with low temperature and rainfall has no significant role in developing the OYVMD and whitefly population. Moreover, the virus also affects the secondary metabolites in the infected okra plants. The virus can be managed through various strategies including the application of plant defense activators, the development of resistant varieties and by controlling its vector via pesticides and plant extracts. Various plant defense activators such as monopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO), salicylic acid, benzoic acid, and citric acid enhance resistance in okra against OYMVD. In addition, the resistance to OYMVD can also be achieved by successfully incorporating high yielding but resistant cultivars of acceptable quality. In this review, we have discussed history, economic impact, symptomology, disease development under a natural environment, genetics and management of OYVMV.     

Development of improved defined media for Clostridium botulinum serotypes A, B, and E.

The minimal nutritional growth requirements were determined for strains Okra B and Iwanai E, which are representatives of groups I and II, respectively, of Clostridium botulinum. These type B and E strains differed considerably in their nutrient requirements. The organic growth factors required in high concentrations by the Okra B strain (group I) were arginine and phenylalanine. Low concentrations (less than or equal to 0.1 g/liter) of eight amino acids (methionine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, glycine, histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) and of five vitamins (pyridoxamine, p-aminobenzoic acid, biotin, nicotinic acid, and thiamine) were also essential for biosynthesis. The 10 required amino acids could be replaced by intact protein of known composition by virtue of the bacterium's ability to synthesize proteases. Glucose or other carbohydrates were not essential for Okra B, although they did stimulate growth. Quantitatively, the most essential nutrients for Okra B were arginine and phenylalanine. In contrast, the nonproteolytic strain, Iwanai E (group II), did not require either arginine or phenylalanine. It required glucose or another carbohydrate energy source for growth and did not utilize arginine or intact protein as a substitute source of energy. Iwanai E utilized ammonia as a nitrogen source, although growth was stimulated significantly by organic nitrogenous nutrients, especially glutamate and asparagine. Iwanai E also required biosynthesis levels of seven amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and serine), adenine, and six vitamins (biotin, thiamine, pyridoxamine, folic acid, choline, and nicotinamide). Calcium pantothenate also stimulated growth. On the basis of the nutritional requirements, chemically defined minimal media have been constructed for C. botulinum serotypes A, B, E, and F (proteolytic).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Development of improved defined media for Clostridium botulinum serotypes A, B, and E

The minimal nutritional growth requirements were determined for strains Okra B and Iwanai E, which are representatives of groups I and II, respectively, of Clostridium botulinum. These type B and E strains differed considerably in their nutrient requirements. The organic growth factors required in high concentrations by the Okra B strain (group I) were arginine and phenylalanine. Low concentrations (less than or equal to 0.1 g/liter) of eight amino acids (methionine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, glycine, histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) and of five vitamins (pyridoxamine, p-aminobenzoic acid, biotin, nicotinic acid, and thiamine) were also essential for biosynthesis. The 10 required amino acids could be replaced by intact protein of known composition by virtue of the bacterium's ability to synthesize proteases. Glucose or other carbohydrates were not essential for Okra B, although they did stimulate growth. Quantitatively, the most essential nutrients for Okra B were arginine and phenylalanine. In contrast, the nonproteolytic strain, Iwanai E (group II), did not require either arginine or phenylalanine. It required glucose or another carbohydrate energy source for growth and did not utilize arginine or intact protein as a substitute source of energy. Iwanai E utilized ammonia as a nitrogen source, although growth was stimulated significantly by organic nitrogenous nutrients, especially glutamate and asparagine. Iwanai E also required biosynthesis levels of seven amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, and serine), adenine, and six vitamins (biotin, thiamine, pyridoxamine, folic acid, choline, and nicotinamide). Calcium pantothenate also stimulated growth. On the basis of the nutritional requirements, chemically defined minimal media have been constructed for C. botulinum serotypes A, B, E, and F (proteolytic).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Genetic diversity revealed by morphological traits and ISSR markers in 48 Okras (Abelmoschus escullentus L.)

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants - Okra is a widely distributed crop in the tropics, subtropics, and warmer areas of the temperate zones. Its major potential uses as a vegetable, oil and...