成都白鸡几个经济性状对产蛋量影响的通径分析

通径系数(wright,1922)在畜禽育种中的应用日渐增多。通径分析原理、通径系数的基本概念和性质、以及相关性状的通径分析,都有了较详细的阐明。目前,在家禽育种中已普遍应用早期选择指数,而利用通径分析判断性状     

通径分析理论与实践中的几个问题

本文讨论了通径分析理论与应用中常见的几个问题．分析了剩余效应对结果的决定系数的理论组成,和剩余效应与观测的自变量间存在相关时对通径分析结果的影响．     

通用选择指数的通径分析化模型

通过对各种选择指数的通径分析化模型进行系统化的研究,建立了通用选择指数的通径分析化模型,并给出了各种选择指数及其通径分析化的统一表示形式．用该模型可以充分利用各种信息来源,特别是在对各种信息来源需作各种约束时,为选种和评定优种提供了行之有效的计算方法和统一程序,避免了在实际应用中因计算体系不同而导致的混乱．     

使用SPSS线性回归实现通径分析的方法

由于通径分析可以将因变量与自变量的相互影响(相关系数)分解为直接影响(通径系数)和间接影响(间接通径系数),因此在遗传学等领域受到广泛的重视。目前在软件实现方法上,一方面缺乏必要的正态性检验,另一方面通径系数及间接相关系数计算步骤过于繁琐,限制通径分析的教学和使用。在应用中,我们注意到通过SPSS的线性回归"Linear"程序可以一次性获得计算通径系数的全部数据,从而简化通径分析的步骤。     

成都白鸡几个经济性状对产蛋量影响的通径分析

通径系数（Wrigt, 1922）在畜禽育种中 的应用日渐增多。通径分析原理、通径系数的基 本概念和性质、以及相关性状的通径分析，都有 了较详细的阐明。目前，在家禽育种中已普遍 应用早期选择指数，而利用通径分析判断性状 之间的最佳组合还少见报道。本文就成都白鸡 的几个重要经济性状对产蛋量的影响进行了通 径分析，并与实际应用早期选择指数的效果作 了比较。     

尖山蟹养殖塘叶绿素a与环境因子的通径分析

本试验以通径分析的方法来研究尖山蟹养殖水体环境因子变化对Chl.a的影响,通过相关性分析和逐步回归分析剔除了对Chl.a影响不大的盐度、pH和NO2--N,并在此基础上根据偏回归系数建立尖山蟹养殖池塘Chl.a与环境因子的回归方程。重点进行了通径分析,计算得出TP、TOC、氨态氮、硝态氮和TN变化对Chl.a影响的直接通径系数分别为0.169、0.262、-0.627、0.676、0.228,间接通径系数总和分别为-0.155、-0.325、-0.166、0.606和0.271,说明在尖山蟹养殖塘中影响Chl.a的优势因子依次为TP、TOC、NH4+-N、NO3--N和TN,各环境因子通过其它环境因子对Chl.a起正作用或副作用。研究表明,通径分析能够更科学地了解尖山蟹养殖塘水体系统的影响结构,为更合理的水环境控制及健康养殖提供科学依据。     

转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲤表型性状与体质量的相关性及通径分析

随机选取二龄转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲤和对照鲤各30尾,运用相关分析和通径分析的方法研究全长、体长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长、头长、吻长、眼径、眼间距、体厚10个表型性状对体质量的影响程度,以此确定影响二龄转基因鲤和对照鲤体质量的主要表型参数.相关分析结果表明:转基因鲤和对照鲤的大部分表型性状与体质量间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01).通径分析结果显示:体长和体高可以作为预测转基因鲤体质量的主要表型参数,转基因鲤体长对体质量的通径系数为0.572,体高对体质量的通径系数为0.415,体长和体高直接决定体质量;而体厚和头长可以作为预测对照鲤体质量的主要表型参数,对照鲤体厚对体质量的通径系数为0.610,头长对体质量的通径系数为0.377,体厚和头长对体质量具有决定作用.     

长白猪典范选择指数的构建与通径分析化研究

本研究围绕长白猪选育目标,将典范分析与通径分析有机结合,实现了典范选择指数相关遗传进展的剖分,为构建和评价典范选择指数提供了一种有效方法。     

广东省福寿螺形态性状变异及其与体质量的关系

【背景】福寿螺是危害极其严重的入侵我国的水生生物,目前利用相关分析、通径分析对福寿螺形态性状变异的研究较少。【方法】随机采集7个地区的福寿螺(雌雄比例差别很大),测量其壳高、壳宽、口宽、层高4个形态性状和体质量,采用相关分析、通径分析方法计算福寿螺的各形态指标变异系数、相关系数和通径系数,剔除对体质量影响不显著的指标,确定每个地区与体质量最相关的指标。【结果】除惠州之外,其余地区福寿螺的壳高和壳宽与体质量的相关性较高,且口宽与壳高共同作用对体质量的直接影响很大。【结论与意义】此结果为研究不同生境、不同温度下福寿螺的形态性状变异程度奠定了基础,同时为福寿螺形态鉴定、分类及其灾害预测预报提供了基础数据。     

高州普通野生稻主要生殖性状的数理统计分析

高州野生稻各采样点的生殖特性表现出明显的多样性。对141份野生稻的花粉育性、裂药指数、胚囊育性和结实率进行通径分析。结果表明,花粉育性、裂药指数和胚囊育性决定了结实率变异的61．17％,其中裂药指数对结实率的直接作用最大,通径系数为0．6495;花粉育性和胚囊育性对结实率的直接作用较小,通径系数分别为0．2356和0．2137,花粉育性通过裂药指数还有较大的间接通径系数（0．2960）。通过系统聚类,将高州普通野生稻分为4群,并时各群进行方差分析和邓肯氏多重比较,可归纳为：Ⅰ群的花粉育性、胚囊育性和裂药指数对结实率影响小;Ⅱ群主要由胚囊育性影响结实率;Ⅲ群主要由裂药指数影响结实率;Ⅳ群主要由花粉育性和裂药指数共同影响结实率。     

Development of N,O-(carboxymethyl)chitosan/collagen matrixes as a wound dressing

In an attempt to accelerate wound healing by stimulating the recruitment of fibroblasts and improve the mechanical properties of collagen matrixes, N,O-(carboxymethyl)chitosan (NOCC) was incorporated into the backbone of a collagen (COL) matrix without or with chondroitin sulfate (CS) or an acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The result of a cell migration study demonstrated that the migration of fibroblasts was significantly enhanced by NOCC in a concentration-dependent manner. In the analysis with a dynamic mechanical analyzer, NOCC/CS/COL matrixes presented higher tensile strengths than did NOCC/ADM/COL matrixes. Skin fibroblasts cultured on the matrixes containing NOCC showed increased proliferation and secretion of three kinds of cytokines compared with the control. Results of the in vivo wound healing study showed that matrixes incorporating NOCC showed markedly enhanced wound healing compared with the control. Therefore, the above results clearly suggest that NOCC/COL matrixes containing CS or ADM can be potential wound dressings for clinical applications.     

Enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase inside protein and polymer structures fabricated via multiphoton excitation

We demonstrate micron scale control of bioactivity through the use of multiphoton excited photochemistry, where this technique has been used to cross-link three-dimensional matrixes of alkaline phosphatase, bovine serum albumin, and polyacrylamide and combinations therein. Using a fluorescence-based assay (ELF-97), the enzymatic activity has been studied using a Michaelis-Menten analysis, and we have measured the specificity constants kcat/KM for alkaline phosphatase in both the protein and polymer matrixes to be on the order of 10(5)-10(6) M(-1) s(-1)and are comparable to known literature values in other environments. It is found that the enzyme is simply entrapped in the polymer matrix, whereas it is completely covalently bound in the protein structures. The relative reaction rate of alkaline phosphatase bound to BSA with the ELF substrate was measured as a function of cross-link density and was found to decrease in the more tightly formed matrixes, indicating a decrease in the diffusion in the matrix.     

辣(甜)椒种质资源的RAPD分析

用RAPD技术对我国的34个辣(甜)椒品种进行了分析,22个随机引物共扩增出119条带,其中67条具多态性。采用Nei、Jaccard和欧氏距离3种方法计算各品种间的遗传距离矩阵,分别根据3个遗传距离矩阵进行UP-GMA聚类分析,得出3个树形聚类图。聚类结果表明,IBPGR将辣椒种划分为4个变种的建议更为合理,Nei方法与Jaccard方法的结果均认为圆锥椒与灯笼椒的亲缘关系较近．而欧氏距离法的结果则认为所有辛辣类型的亲缘关系较近。研究还发现,栽培及育种活动在变种的发展过干旱中起到了重要作用。     

鼎湖山濒危植物紫背天葵的人工栽培

为研究鼎湖山紫背天葵人工栽培适宜的生长基质和气候条件,以组培球茎为材料,比较了自然气候条件下几种混合基质处理对植株生长情况的影响。结果表明：不同配比混合基质的pH值、有机质和铵态氮含量对球茎萌芽和植株的生长均有显著的影响,适合的pH缓冲范围在3．5～4．5之间,表明紫背天葵为喜酸植物。添加黄泥的基质并不适合紫背天葵的生长;泥炭土＋珍珠岩（3：1）混合基质较适宜于紫背天葵的生长,球茎萌芽率达到88％,植株的须根、球茎、叶和株高等指标表现良好。结合栽培物候期分析,球茎的萌芽期在当年11月～次年1月,生长适温在16～25℃之间,相对湿度为90％～95％。     

Competition and adaptation in community of migrating fish populations

Within a discrete scheme the process of population migration is set by some non-negative Markov matrix. When studying an appropriate class of competition models, nonlinear methods of the convex analysis (the theory of monotonous operators) proved to be highly effective. For special matrixes (cyclic and perron ones) conditions of steady coexistence and competitor replacement in community have been found. Modeling mechanisms of adaptation of a route of migration for separate population and also for the family of populations from one vertical trophic chain have been provided. The major characteristic of a route of migration turned out to be the relative time of population dwelling in one or another area. Specific (perron) vectors of migration matrixes correspond to these populations. It is revealed that in the course of coadaptation perron vectors of predator and victim migration matrixes practically coincide.     

壳聚糖锌离子固定化亲和层析填料的制备与性质

目的:制备了壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料,并对其性能进行了研究。方法:采用反相悬浮法制备了交联壳聚糖;再以环氧氯丙烷为活化剂,乙二胺为螯合配基,制备了固定化亲和层析填料;表征了其有效粒径以及均匀系数、含水量、失重率、氨基含量、骨架密度、堆积密度以及孔度值。从时间、加入ZnCl2的浓度、温度、pH方面对Zn2+固定化条件进行了优选,并确定了Zn2+的固定化量。含组氨酸标签的乙醛脱氢酶粗酶液,经硫酸铵盐析后,考察了壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料的亲和性能。结果:制备的填料有效粒径为105μm;均匀系数为1.46;含水量为58.03%;失重率为85.43%;氨基含量为9.20mmol/g;骨架密度为1.217 8g/ml;堆积密度为0.843 2g/ml;孔度值为36.40%。固定化Zn2+的最佳条件是:时间3 h、加入ZnCl2溶液浓度0.1mol/L、温度28℃、pH 5.5;且此条件下,亲和层析填料中Zn2+固定化量为3.35mmol/g。壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料对乙醛脱氢酶的亲和性能为4.14IU/g(干重)。结论:制备了壳聚糖Zn2+固定化亲和层析填料,可用于带有组氨酸标签重组蛋白的快速分离与纯化。     

Polyamine-linked sepharoses: preparation and application to mammalian spermine synthase.

Seven different polyamine-linked Sepharose derivatives were prepared for the affinity chromatography of spermidine and spermine binding macromolecules: Spermine synthase from rat and hog brain was used as a model protein with a spermidine binding site. Comparative studies of the affinities of the enzymes for the seven matrixes suggested that two negative charges, three to four methylene groups apart, should be present at the decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine binding site and should improve the binding of the enzyme to the Sepharose derivative. Two negative charges at the spermidine binding site would be expected to do the same. Three affinity matrixes linked with 1,17-diamino-4,9,14-triazaheptadecane, 1,21-diamino-4,9,13,18-tetraazaheneicosane, and 5-spermine carboxylic acid, respectively, had an affinity for spermine synthases higher than that of spermine-Sepharose, which has been used for the purification of spermine synthase. The first of these matrixes was used and proved to be effective for the purification.     

On-line extraction using an alkyl-diol silica precolumn for racemic citalopram and its metabolites in plasma: Results compared with solid-phase extraction methodology

Sample preparation is usually the most critical and time consuming step when using HPLC for drug analysis in biological matrixes. Sample extracts have to be clean considering both chromatographic interferences and column maintenance. To meet some of these criteria a fully automated on-line extraction (OLE) analysis method was developed for the antidepressant drug citalopram and its two demethylated metabolites, using an RP-C4-ADS extraction column. A comparison between the new OLE method and an off-line solid-phase extraction method showed that the two methodologies were equal in analytical precision but that the OLE method was faster and therefore superior in sample capacity per day.     

Multiphoton excited fabrication of collagen matrixes cross-linked by a modified benzophenone dimer: bioactivity and enzymatic degradation

Multiphoton excited (MPE) photochemistry is used to fabricate model tissue engineering scaffolds directly from types I, II, and IV collagen. A modified benzophenone dimer (BPD) provides the photoactivation and becomes incorporated into the resulting collagen matrixes. Unlike xanthene photochemistries, the benzophenone dimer can be used in acidic environments, where most forms of collagen have the greatest solubility. The minimum feature sizes are investigated by using two- and three-photon excitation, where the latter provides for superior "resolution" and suggests that collagen structures can be fabricated on the size scales of focal contacts. The resulting structures display excellent retention of bioactivity as evidenced by highly specific cell adhesion as well as immunofluorescence labeling. Structural and chemical aspects of the collagen matrixes are probed through measuring the enzymatic degradation through specific and nonspecific proteases, as the resulting relative rates are consistent with the activity of these enzymes. The degradation rates can also be controlled through varying the cross-link density in the matrixes, which is achieved through tuning the exposure dose during the fabrication process. The degradation rates are also found to be consistent with swelling/shrinking measurements and thus the average mesh size of the matrixes. In all cases the enzymatic degradations are well-fit single exponentials, suggesting that the matrixes can be fabricated with a priori knowledge of their structural properties. These results coupled with the resulting bioactivity suggest that the multiphoton fabrication process may be a powerful tool for the creation of cell-sized tissue engineering scaffolds.