胁迫诱导型启动子在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用

在抗逆基因工程中,大多采用的是组成型表达启动子,组成型表达启动子驱动外源抗逆基因表达虽然可以提高转基因植物的抗逆性,但会导致转基因植株生长迟缓或不育;而胁迫诱导型启动子则可提高转基因植物的抗逆性,不影响其正常生长发育,所以,胁迫诱导型启动子已逐渐用于植物抗逆基因工程。本文介绍不同胁迫诱导型启动子在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用。     

高等植物启动子的研究进展

启动子是基因表达调控的重要顺式元件,综述了高等植物启动子的构成,包括转录起始位点、TATA框和上游启动子元件。并着重从组成型、组织特异型和诱导型启动子3个方面介绍了其结构特征、功能,以及它们在植物基因工程中的应用和研究进展,简述了双向启动子、可变启动子和串联启动子的研究情况,提出植物启动子研究中存在的问题与展望。     

植物启动子研究进展

植物启动子在转录水平上发挥着重要的调控作用,对其功能进行研究不仅可以反映相应基因的表达模式,还能为利用植物基因工程手段实现基因的高效特异性表达提供有效途径。结合近年来的相关研究,综述了植物启动子的结构特点及其功能研究进展,重点对与生物和非生物胁迫有关的各类诱导型启动子进行了阐述,并展望了植物启动子的未来研究方向。     

病原物诱导型植物启动子的研究方法

植物启动子是控制基因转录的DNA序列之一,按其表达方法可分为组成型(或非特异性)表达和诱导型(或特异性)表达启动子两种类型.当受到病原物侵染时,植物通常通过诱导型启动子中的W-box、RAV1 AAT和WRKY等元件/位点、调控下游基因的表达,作出相应的应答反应.近年来,通过计算机预测与试验测定方法的有效结合,发掘和鉴定出了一些病原物诱导型启动子,并进行了调控功能的解析.此外,在通过转基因方法改良植物抗病性的途径中,利用病原物诱导型启动子可以实现对抗病功能相关基因表达的精准控制,避免由组成型启动子持续驱动基因表达、对植株本身带来的负效应.结合本室对水稻启动子OsBTF3-p的研究结果,重点对近年来国内外有关病原物诱导型启动子及其调控元件/位点的研究方法和应用进展作一综述.     

植物逆境胁迫耐受性启动子的研究进展

逆境胁迫如干旱、极端温度、损伤等非生物胁迫和病虫害等生物胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育及产量。逆境胁迫耐受性启动子能够接受逆境条件下的诱导信号,激活植物体内胁迫应答基因的表达,使植物感知并适应逆境。本文对逆境胁迫耐受性启动子的克隆及功能研究情况进行综合分析,主要包括抗旱、耐盐、耐高温、抗冻、耐损伤、抗病和抗虫基因启动子。     

植物基因启动子研究进展

综述了植物基因启动子的核心结构与功能、植物基因启动子的种类：异源组成型启动子(CaMV35S、MMV)和从植物自身克隆的组成型启动子(PTSB1和PPHYB),以及植物中通过按物理因素(温、光、旱、热等)、化学因素(离子、有机物、激素等)和生物因素(病菌、组织器官、发育阶段等)诱导表达的一些启动子,发育时期特异的启动子、器官特异的启动子(根、茎、叶等)和植物中应用的人工双向启动子的研究进展和应用前景。     

转基因植物启动子的化学诱导

研究活体内基因功能最有效的方法是当某一特定基因产物的水平发生改变时 ,通过分离突变体或构建转基因植株分析其表型。但反义ＲＮＡ或一些显性负性蛋白的表达能够引起有功能的基因表达产物的减少。若在实验过程中获得某种功能 ,则基因表达产物量的提高就提供了较有价值的信息 ,且通过改变了分子特征的基因表达产物可以研究细胞的调控机制。若使基因的活动处于可逆及暂时能精确调控的方式就使得上述研究基因功能的方法更为有效。在转基因的表达参与植株再生过程的情况下 ,就必须应用可调控系统。可调控的启动子不仅能研究不同发育阶段基因产…     

高等植物启动子的研究进展

从高等植物启动子的基本结构、启动子克隆方法入手,着重介绍了组成型、组织特异性及诱导型启动子的研究进展及其在植物基因工程方面的应用情况,提出了植物启动子研究中存在的问题与展望。     

植物基因启动子的克隆及其功能研究进展

启动子在植物基因表达调控过程中起着重要作用。对于植物基因启动子的克隆及其功能研究有助于了解信号传递途径和基因表达调控模式,为植物转基因工程研究提供理论依据。本文综述了植物基因启动子的基本结构、类型、克隆方法及功能研究进展,着重介绍了广泛应用于转基因工程的诱导型启动子及启动子功能分析,展望了今后植物启动子的研究方向。     

高等植物启动子研究进展

简述了高等植物来源启动子的多种保守顺式调控元件如ＴＡＴＡ盒,转录起始位点,Ｇ盒等,以及双向启动子和可变启动子。着重介绍了受环境包括激素,光,创伤,真菌,逆境等因子诱导表达的植物启动子以及显示出植物发育特异性表达的启动子。     

Characterization of Promoter Activities of Four Different Japanese Flounder Promoters in Transgenic Zebrafish

An important consideration in transgenic research is the choice of promoter for regulating the expression of a foreign gene. In this study several tissue-specific and inducible promoters derived from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were identified, and their promoter activity was examined in transgenic zebrafish. The 5′ flanking regions of the Japanese flounder complement component C3, gelatinase B, keratin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes were linked to green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a reporter gene. The promoter regulatory constructs were introduced into fertilized zebrafish eggs. As a result we obtained several stable transgenic zebrafish that displayed green fluorescence in different tissues. Complement component C3 promoter regulated GFP expression in liver, and gelatinase B promoter regulated it in the pectoral fin and gills. Keratin promoter regulated GFP expression in skin and liver. TNF gene promoter regulated GFP expression in the pharynx and heart. TNF promoter had lipoplysaccharide-inducible activity, such that when transgenic embryos were immersed lipopolysaccharide, GFP expression increased in the epithelial tissues. These 4 promoters regulated the expression of GFP in different patterns in transgenic zebrafish.     

Differential regulation of two ABA-inducible genes from Craterostigma plantagineum in transgenic Arabidopsis plants

In Craterostigma plantagineum the CDeT-6-19 and CDeT-27-45 genes are expressed following desiccation and/or ABA treatment. Their promoters were fused to the -glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and tested in transgenic Arabidopsis. GUS activity was measured in mature Arabidopsis seeds, and the responsiveness to ABA in vegetative tissue was found to be limited to the early developmental stages. When transgenic plants were crossed with plants over-expressing the ABI3 gene, it was observed that ABI3 is not required for ABA induction of the CDeT-6-19 promoter, whereas it is crucial for expression of the CDeT-27-45 promoter.     

细菌启动子识别及应用研究进展

细菌启动子是细菌中基因表达的必需调控元件,决定了细菌基因表达的强度和时机。通过启动子的插入或缺失,可以改变细菌基因的表达,实现对菌体生长发育以及代谢调控的研究。启动子也是构建各种表达系统、实现异源基因表达的基础。启动子的识别和应用研究,对于实现异源基因的可控表达、有效获得目的产物、促进生物催化和代谢工程研究具有重要的意义。以下对细菌启动子进行了简单的介绍,总结了细菌启动子的识别方法,并对细菌启动子的研究进展和具体应用进行了概述。     

A monocot pollen-specific promoter contains separable pollen-specific and quantitative elements

The region of the promoter of the pollen-specific maize gene, ZM13, from -119 to -37 was analyzed by a linker-scanning type of substitution mutagenesis and two areas were shown to be responsible for pollen expression: a proximal region delineated by mutations from -84 to -53 that conferred pollen specificity, and an upstream region delineated by a mutation from -107 to -102 (Q-element) that could increase the expression of the proximal region but showed no ability to cause expression in pollen on its own. Replacement of both of these areas with other sequences including the CaMV 35S promoter failed to replace activity.     

Targeting transgene expression in research,agricultural, and environmental applications: Promoters used in plant transformation

Summary Plant genetic engineering has contributed substantially to the understanding of gene regulation and plant development, in the generation of transgenic organisms for widespread usage in agriculture, and has increased the potential uses of crops for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. As the application of geneticallly engineered plants has widened, so has the need to develop methods to fine-tune control of transgene expression. The availability of a broad spectrum of promoters that differ in their ability to regulate the temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgene can dramatically increase the successful application of transgenic technology. Indeed, a variety of promoters in necessary at all levels of genetic engineering in plants, from basic research discoveries, concepts and question to development of economically viable crops and plant commodities, to addressing legitimate concerns raised about the safety and containment of transgenic plants in the environment. This review covers the characterization and usage of a broad range of promoters employed in plant genetic engineering, including the widespread use of plant promoters with viral and plant origin that drive constitutive expression. Also covered are selected tissue-specific promoters from fruit, seed and grain, tubers, flowers, pistils, anther and pollen, roots and root nodules, and leaves and green tissue. Topics also include organellar promoters, and those found in specific cell types, as well as the development and evaluation of inducible (endogenous and exogenous origin) and synthetic plant promoter systems. Discussions on the relevance and potential pitfalls within specific applications are included.