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1.
曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率及溶氧胁迫对其体内酶活力的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用Winkler法测定水中溶氧含量,通过比较对照呼吸室与试验呼吸室水中溶解氧含量之差确定曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率及窒息点,并在不同程度的溶氧胁迫下测定乌贼体内多种酶的活力变化.结果表明:曼氏无针乌贼耗氧率呈明显的“高-低-高-低”昼夜变化;耗氧率与水温(16 ℃~28 ℃)和光照(3~500 μmol·m-2·s-1)呈正相关,与pH值(6.25~9.25)呈负相关;随着盐度的升高(18.1~29.8),乌贼耗氧率呈“高-低-高”变化,盐度为24.8时耗氧率最低;雌性乌贼耗氧率高于雄性.窒息点随乌贼的体质量增加而降低,平均体质量为(38.70±0.52) g的乌贼窒息点为(0.9427±0.0318) mg·L-1.随着溶氧胁迫程度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活力均先升后降,脂肪酶活力下降,蛋白酶活力呈“降-升-降”变化;乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活力呈先升后降趋势,但溶氧胁迫下的酶活力比正常时要高.  相似文献   

2.
环境因子对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
运用封闭流水式实验方法研究温度、盐度、pH和流速对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响.实验结果表明,随着温度的升高,耗氧率和排氨率均是先增大后减小,当温度为27℃时,耗氧率和排氨率达最大值,温度对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响显著(P<0.0l);耗氧率和排氨率随着盐度的升高均出...  相似文献   

3.
为研究温度和盐度对蛤仔新品种斑马蛤耗氧排氨的影响,以野生蛤仔为对照,实验设置15、20、25、30和35℃五个温度梯度和20、25、30、35和40五个盐度梯度,结果表明:温度和盐度对斑马蛤的耗氧率和排氨率影响显著(P < 0.05)。在温度15-35℃内,随着温度的增加,耗氧率和排氨率整体上呈增加的趋势。在20-40盐度内,耗氧率随着盐度的升高先减少后增加,排氨率随着盐度的升高先增加后减少,在盐度为30时达到最高值。在水温为15℃,盐度20-40内,斑马蛤的O:N为9.534-62.008;在盐度为35,水温在15-35℃内,斑马蛤的O:N是20.700-74.138。与野生蛤仔比较,斑马蛤的耐高温能力要强于野生蛤仔,从Q10的变化反映出斑马蛤对温度的敏感性相对较弱,适应温度变化的能力比较强;斑马蛤的耐低盐和耐高盐能力强于野生蛤仔。研究结果为进一步完善蛤仔斑马蛤的人工养殖技术提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
温度、盐度、pH和麻醉剂对长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼耗氧率的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用Winkler法研究了温度、盐度、pH和麻醉剂对长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼(体长(3.325±0.205) cm,体质量(0.706±0.155) g)耗氧率的影响。结果表明:长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼耗氧率随着温度升高而增加,其回归关系可用对数函数Y=1.3819lnX-3.55(r=0.9475,P<0.01)表示,其生长的适宜温度为24 ℃~32 ℃;幼鱼耗氧率随着盐度的降低而逐渐增加,其回归关系可用线性函数Y=-0.1802X+1.7551(r=0.9837,P<0.01)来表示;在不同的pH下耗氧率有显著性差异(P<0.01),pH值在6.0时耗氧率最低,9.0时耗氧率最高;耗氧率随着丁香酚、MS-222的浓度升高而逐渐降低,各实验组的耗氧率要显著低于对照组,丁香酚和MS-222可以作为长鳍篮子鱼幼鱼运输过程中的麻醉剂。  相似文献   

5.
温度、盐度对强壮箭虫耗氧率和窒息点的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Liu Q  Zhu HY  Liu F  Ding ZY 《应用生态学报》2011,22(11):3081-3086
研究了不同温度、盐度下强壮箭虫的耗氧率和窒息点.结果表明:温度和盐度均对强壮箭虫的耗氧率和比耗氧率有显著影响.试验温度在5℃-25℃,强壮箭虫个体耗氧率(IO)和比耗氧率(SO)开始随温度的升高而升高,之后呈明显下降趋势.其回归方程分别为y=0.0058x3 -0.2956x2+4.415x-8.7816(R2=0.99,P<0.05)和y=0.0011x3 -0.0546x2+0.8161x-1.6232(R2=0.99,P<0.05),数值分别为6.30~11.71μg·ind-1·h-1和1.22 ~2.16μg· mg-1·h-1,窒息点为4.18~6.87 mg·L-1.盐度10 ~40条件下,IO和SO随盐度的升高逐渐下降,回归方程分别为y=-0.0068x2 -0.1412x+21.702(R2=0.89,P<0.05)和y=-0.0013x2-0.0261x+4.0114( R2 =0.89,P<0.05),数值分别为4.98~17.73μg ·ind-1·h-1和0.92~3.56 μg·mg-1 ·h-1,窒息点为4.02~6.24 mg·L-1.对强壮箭虫与其他水生动物的耗氧率和窒息点进行比较得出,强壮箭虫是一种狭氧性浮游动物.  相似文献   

6.
西施舌的耗氧率与排氨率研究   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同栖息水温和不同溶解氧水平下处于标准代谢状态的西施舌耗氧率与排氨率,并测定了窒息点.结果表明,在25 ℃时,水中DO≥3.11±0.15 mg·L-1时,西施舌的耗氧率和排氨率分别为0.74±0.05 mg·g-1·h-1和2.56±0.05 μmol·g-1·h-1,处于相对稳定状态;当DO低于此值则代谢出现异常,耗氧率随DO下降而下降,直到窒息为止,其窒息点为1.22±0.06 mg·L-1,而排氨率也呈直线下降,但排氨停止滞后于耗氧停止.耗氧率与栖息水温呈二次线型关系:OCR=-0.0027T2+0.1367T-0.9557,R2=0.9724;水温为25.3 ℃时,西施舌的耗氧率达到最大,为0.77 mg·g-1·h-1.处于适温状态(15 ℃和20 ℃)的O/N值要高于低温(10 ℃)和高温(25 ℃和30 ℃)时的O/N值,西施舌在适宜条件下更多地依赖于脂肪供能维持标准代谢,而在环境不适时则更多地调用机体的蛋白质来维持生理代谢需要.  相似文献   

7.
温度对黑鱾幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
本文研究了温度对饱食和饥饿状态下黑纪(Girella melanichthys)幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响.结果表明:在温度为15~30℃范围内,黑纪幼鱼在饱食状态下的耗氧率、饥饿状态下的耗氧率、饱食状态下的排氨率和摄食率均随温度的升高而增加(P<0.01),30℃时达到最大,温度为32℃时,均下降;在温度为15~32℃范围内,黑鱾幼鱼在饥饿状态下的排氨率随温度升高而增加(P<0.01),32℃时达到最大.多项指标表明黑纪幼鱼生长适温在30℃左右.  相似文献   

8.
栉孔扇贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究   总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36  
1999年 4~ 6月 ,采用室内实验生态学方法对栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究 .结果表明 ,在适宜的温度范围内 ,栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率均与温度成正比 ,而与体重呈负相关关系 .在实验室温度 (8~ 2 8℃ )条件下 ,栉孔扇贝的耗氧率为 0 .48~ 9.0 9mg·g-1·h-1,排氨率为 0 .0 5~ 1 0 1mg·g-1·h-1.其中耗氧率在 2 3℃时达到最高值 ,2 8℃时开始下降 ,而排氨率则呈持续升高趋势 .栉孔扇贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢 ,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高约 35 .8%和 75 .9% .  相似文献   

9.
为探究体重、盐度和温度对不同规格的虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)幼体耗氧率、排氨率以及其窒息点的影响。采用单因子试验设计和密闭静水法, 对不同体重下(0.212、0.385、0.476、0.597、0.754和0.946 g)虎斑乌贼幼体的耗氧率和排氨率, 以及不同体重(0.476、0.673、1.341、3.873和4.205 g)幼体的窒息点进行了测定, 同时研究了不同盐度(19‰、22‰、25‰、28‰和31‰)和温度(18、21、24、27和30℃)对不同规格[A: 体重(0.366±0.042) g, B: 体重(0.556±0.038) g, C: 体重(0.844±0.051) g]的虎斑乌贼幼体耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)的影响。结果表明: (1)虎斑乌贼幼体体重对耗氧率和排氨率均影响显著(P<0.05)。随着幼体体重的增长, 耗氧率和排氨率显著下降, 个体越小耗氧率和排氨率越大; (2)盐度对幼体的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(P<0.05), 均随着盐度的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势, 其中, A规格和B规格的幼体在盐度25‰时, 耗氧率和排氨率显著低于盐度19‰、22‰和31‰时的3个试验组(P<0.05), 而与盐度28‰时无显著差异(P>0.05); C规格幼体的耗氧率在盐度28‰时显著低于盐度19‰组(P<0.05), 而排氨率在盐度25‰时显著低于盐度19‰和31‰两组(P<0.05)。盐度对A规格幼体的氧氮比(O/N)值有显著影响(P<0.05), 而对B规格和C规格的幼体无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)温度对不同规格幼体的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(P<0.05), 均随温度的增长, 呈先上升后下降的趋势。其中, A规格和C规格幼体的耗氧率在27℃时, 显著高于18和30℃两组(P<0.05), B规格的在水温24℃时显著高于18和30℃(P<0.05); A规格和B规格幼体的排氨率分别在24和27℃时, 显著高于其他温度组(P<0.05), C规格的在温度27℃时, 显著高于18和30℃两组(P<0.05); 温度对A规格幼体的O/N值有显著影响(P<0.05), 而对B规格和C规格的幼体无显著影响(P>0.05)。(4)虎斑乌贼幼体的窒息点为0.84—1.62 mg/L, 随着体重的增加而逐渐降低。  相似文献   

10.
采用静水法测定了不同温度、不同个体大小的单齿螺耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明:在16-33℃的实验温度范围内单齿螺的耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与软体部干重(W)都呈负相关,它们之间关系可以分别用幂函数RO=aW-b和RN=a1W-b1表示。16~29℃温度范围内单齿螺的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而增加,29℃时耗氧率和排氨率达到最大值,当温度继续升高超过29℃后,耗氧率和排氨率则随温度的升高而下降,耗氧率、排氨率与温度之间呈显著的指数函数关系RO=cedT和RN=c1ed1T;不同个体大小单齿螺的O:N比在16~20℃时较大,Q10取值范围0.56-3.74,平均值为1.64。方差分析表明,温度、软体部干重对单齿螺的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P〈0.01)。  相似文献   

11.
以纸为碳源去除地下水硝酸盐的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
研究了以纸为碳源和反应介质的生物反应器对水中硝酸盐的去除。结果表明,以纸为碳源的反应器启动快.反硝化反应受温度及水力停留时间影响大。25℃的反硝化速率是14℃的1.7倍。在室温25±1℃,进水硝酸盐氮浓度为45.2mg·L^-1、水力停留时间8.6h时,反应器对硝酸盐氮的去除率在99.6%以上,当水力停留时间为7.2h,氮去除率只有50%。反硝化反应受pH值和溶解氧的影响小,反应进行过程中,纸表面形成了生物膜,纸也被消耗了.采用反应器出水再经活性炭吸附的工艺流程处理高硝酸盐氮地下水,<33.9mg·L^-1的硝酸盐氮完全去除,没有出现NC2-N,最终出水水质DOC<11mg·L^-1。  相似文献   

12.
The growth and Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was examined using a mini-bioreactor system that independently monitors and controls pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature for each of its 24, 10-mL reactors. Independent monitoring and control of each reactor in the cassette allows the exploration of a matrix of environmental conditions known to influence S. oneidensis chromium reduction. S. oneidensis MR-1 grew in minimal medium without amino acid or vitamin supplementation under aerobic conditions but required serine and glycine supplementation under anaerobic conditions. Growth was inhibited by DO concentrations >80%. Lactate transformation to acetate was enhanced by low concentration of DO during the logarithmic growth phase. Between 11 and 35 degrees C, the growth rate obeyed the Arrhenius reaction rate-temperature relationship, with a maximum growth rate occurring at 35 degrees C. S. oneidensis MR-1 was able to grow over a wide range of pH (6-9). At neutral pH and temperatures ranging from 30 to 35 degrees C, S. oneidensis MR-1 reduced 100 microM Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 20 min in the exponential growth phase, and the growth rate was not affected by the addition of chromate; it reduced chromate even faster at temperatures between 35 and 39 degrees C. At low temperatures (<25 degrees C), acidic (pH < 6.5), or alkaline (pH > 8.5) conditions, 100 microM Cr(VI) strongly inhibited growth and chromate reduction. The mini-bioreactor system enabled the rapid determination of these parameters reproducibly and easily by performing very few experiments. Besides its use for examining parameters of interest to environmental remediation, the device will also allow one to quickly assess parameters for optimal production of recombinant proteins or secondary metabolites.  相似文献   

13.
Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to enzymatic bio-transformation of 1-naphthol. The experiments were conducted in a closed system containing acetone and sodium acetate buffer, with laccase enzyme. Laccase enzyme used as catalyst was derived from Trametes versicolor (ATCC 200801). The enzymatic bio-transformation rate of 1-naphthol, based on measurements of initial dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption rate in the closed system, was optimized by the application of RSM. The independent variables, which had been found as the most effective variables on the initial DO consumption rate by screening experiments, were determined as medium temperature, pH and acetone content. A quadratic model was developed through RSM in terms of related independent variables to describe the DO consumption rate as the response. Based on contour plots and variance analysis, optimum operational conditions for maximizing initial DO consumption rate, while keeping acetone content at its minimum value, were 301 K of temperature, pH 6 and acetone content of 7% to obtain 9.17 x 10(-3) mM DO/min for initial oxidation rate.  相似文献   

14.
Continuous cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to exhibit oscillatory behavior in the oxidative region. Important findings of a series of experiments conducted to identify the causes for initiation of and the means for elimination of oscillations in these cultures are reported in this paper. These oscillations are seen to be connected to the growth kinetics of the microorganism and are induced at very low glucose concentrations and at dissolved oxygen (DO) levels that are neither high nor low (DO values between 20 and 78% air saturation at a dilution rate of 0.2 h(-1) and pH of 5.5 at 30 degrees C). The oscillatory behavior is encountered over a range of dilution rates (0.09-0.25 h(-1) at 30 degrees C for pH = 5.5 and DO = 50% air saturation). The oscillations can be eliminated by raising the DO level above a critical value or by lowering the DO level below a critical value.  相似文献   

15.
中国桃花水母属的修订(淡水水母目,笠水母科)   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
作者对我国的桃花水母属Craspedacusta的2亚种和2变种重新通过形态学观察,并与国内外已发表的Craspeda-custa属7种相比较,其刺丝囊疣的形状和排列及生殖腺的形状和颜色均存在明显的差异.故认为此2亚种和2变种应提升为种,即信阳桃花水母Craspedacusta xinyangensis He,1980,杭州桃花水母Craspedacusta hangzhouensis He,1980、乐山桃花水母Craspedacusta kiatingi Gaw and Kung,1939和宜昌桃花水母Craspedacusta kawaii(Oka,1907).本文将全世界11种桃花水母的形态特征作了比较并附以系统检索.  相似文献   

16.
Short-term effects of irradiance (0-1560 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)), temperature (10-25 degrees C), and salinity (40-160) on oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen consumption in a hypersaline mat (Salin-de-Giraud, France) were investigated with microsensors under controlled laboratory conditions. Dark O(2) consumption rates were mainly regulated by the mass transfer limitations imposed by the diffusive boundary layer. Areal rates of net photosynthesis increased with irradiance and saturated at irradiances >400 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1). At low irradiances, oxygen consumption increased more strongly with temperature than photosynthesis, whereas the opposite was observed at saturating irradiances. Net photosynthesis vs. irradiance curves were almost unaffected by decreasing salinity (100 to 40), whereas increasing salinities (100 to 160) led to a decrease of net photosynthesis at each irradiance. Dark O(2) consumption rates, maximal gross and net photosynthesis at light saturation were relatively constant over a broad salinity range (60-100) and decreased at salinities above the in situ salinity of 100. Within the range of natural variation, temperature was more important than salinity in regulating photosynthesis and oxygen consumption. At higher salinities the inhibitory impact of salinity on these processes and therefore the importance of salinity as a regulating environmental parameter increased, indicating that in more hypersaline systems, salinity has a stronger limiting effect on microbial activity.  相似文献   

17.
The intensity of adult diapause in Pyrrhocoris apterus was measured in two series of experiments as the duration of pre-oviposition period at a constant temperature of 25 degrees C after transfer from short (12L:12D) to long day conditions (18L:6D). Higher diapause intensity was induced with a thermoperiod than at constant temperatures. After the induction throughout larval instars 3-5 and during 4 weeks of adult life at short days and a thermoperiod of 25/15 degrees C the pre-oviposition period was 30+/-4 and 26+/-3 days. After induction at constant 25 degrees C the pre-oviposition period was 22+/-3 and 23+/-4 days, while after induction at constant 20 degrees C it was 17+/-4 and 19+/-4 days. Induction at a lower constant temperature of 20 degrees C was thus followed by a less intense diapause than the induction at a higher constant temperature of 25 degrees C. These counterintuitive results are discussed. The oxygen consumption rate measured at experimental temperatures prior to transfer from short to long days was higher at thermoperiodic conditions than at constant temperatures and it was similar at constant 20 and 25 degrees C. Thus, the oxygen consumption rate measured prior to the transfer was highest (indication of the least intense diapause) in the insects that showed later, after the transfer to long days, the longest pre-oviposition period (indication of the most intense diapause). Within the first two days after transfer to constant 25 degrees C, oxygen consumption rate measured at 25 degrees C decreased in the thermoperiodic insects, while it transiently increased in insects from constant 20 degrees C. Two days and later after the transfer, oxygen consumption rate was similar in all groups. Cold hardiness was not correlated with diapause intensity. The low lethal temperature in diapausing insects was correlated with the night temperature during diapause induction.  相似文献   

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