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植物逆境胁迫抗性的功能基因组研究策略 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物对逆境胁迫抗性的功能基因组研究主要是寻找胁迫抗性位点在相关物种基因组中的保守位置,发现胁迫反应中的高度保守序列,确定植物胁迫反应的调控机理,进而得到植物对逆境胁迫抗性的关键代谢途径和其中的关键调控因子,为进一步选择用于改良植物对逆境胁迫抗性的关键基因奠定基础。本文从主要模式植物(苔藓类植物、复苏植物、盐土植物和甜土植物)、主要技术策略(基因的差异表达分析、基因表达序列标签、cDNA芯片技术。基因表达序列分析和基因敲除和突变体筛选分析)和生物信息学方法(数据分析的生物信息学方法设计到序列比较、比较基因组学、电子克隆)等三个方面对国内外植物逆境胁迫抗性的功能基因组研究策略作了全面综述。 相似文献
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本文综述了转录后基因沉默的特点、发生机制和传导途径,及其作为一种抗病毒防卫机制,在植物基因调控表达、改良植物抗病性和植物功能基因组学等方面的应用和进展。 相似文献
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转录后基因沉默与植物抗病毒防卫机制 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
介绍了转录后基因沉默及其作为植物一种抗病毒防卫机制的最新研究进展,并进一步探讨了植物与病毒互作及共进货过程、基因沉默及其诱导技术在植物基因调控表达、改良植物抗病性和植物功能基因组学等研究领域的应用前景。 相似文献
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植物功能基因组学的研究策略 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物基因组学是一门研究植物基因组内基因与遗传信息是如何有机结合并如何决定其功能的一门科学。随着植物基因组计划的顺利进行 ,植物基因组学的研究已从结构基因组学转向功能基因组学。近年来 ,多采用高通量 (highthroughput,HTP)序列分析技术、大规模实验技术及计算机统计分析技术研究植物基因组功能。概述了植物功能基因组学的最新进展。 相似文献
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基于直向同源序列的比较基因组学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
直向同源序列在不同的物种中具有相近甚至相同的功能、相似的调控途径, 扮演相似甚至相同的角色, 而且, 绝大多数核心生物功能就是由相当数量的直向同源基因所承担, 它是基因组序列的功能注释与分析中最可靠的选择, 其特殊的生物学特性决定: 利用直向同源序列开展比较基因组学研究, 必将为探测不同生物在进化过程中重要功能基因的出现、表达和丢失提供线索。文章从直向同源基因的基本特性、直向同源序列与比较基因组学的关系、应用直向同源序列开展比较基因组学相关研究方法、现状等展开综述。关键词: 直向同源; 比较基因组学; 生物学特性; 数据库 相似文献
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《植物生理与分子生物学学报》2002,(2)
“植物分子遗传国家重点实验室”成立于 1 986年 ,依托于中国科学院上海植物生理研究所 ,主要从事植物分子遗传和基因工程的基础研究 ,重点集中于植物功能基因组学、重要生物学功能的分子机理与遗传控制等。本着“开放、流动、联合、竞争”的建设方针 ,实验室在过去的 1 5年中热情向国内外开放 ,已经支持了多项合作研究课题并取得了良好的成果 ,现继续面向全国接受开放课题基金的申请。 实验室的主要研究方向为 :( 1 )植物功能基因组学研究。水稻等模式植物突变群体的构建与分析、植物基因表达调控机理及表达调控元件的功能基因组学研究… 相似文献
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三维基因组学是一门研究基因组三维空间结构与功能的新兴学科,主要研究基因组序列在细胞核内的三维空间构象,及其对DNA复制、DNA重组、基因表达调控等生物过程的生物学效应。自染色质构象捕获技术 (3C)出现后,三维基因组学相关研究领域飞速发展。借助于3C及其衍生技术、Hi-C和ChIA-PET等技术,科学家能对各类物种的三维基因组进行更为深入的研究,从而揭示微生物、植物和动物基因组的空间构象、染色质的相互作用模式、转录调控以及不同生物学性状的形成机制;挖掘与生命活动和疾病相关的关键基因和信号通路;推动农业科学、生命科学和医学等领域的快速发展。文中就三维基因组学研究进展作一综述,主要阐述三维基因组学的概念和研究技术的发展及其在农业科学、生命科学和医学等领域的应用,尤其是肿瘤领域所取得的阶段性研究成果。 相似文献
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pSAT RNA interference vectors: a modular series for multiple gene down-regulation in plants 下载免费PDF全文
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for functional gene analysis, which has been successfully used to down-regulate the levels of specific target genes, enabling loss-of-function studies in living cells. Hairpin (hp) RNA expression cassettes are typically constructed on binary plasmids and delivered into plant cells by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Realizing the importance of RNAi for basic plant research, various vectors have been developed for RNAi-mediated gene silencing, allowing the silencing of single target genes in plant cells. To further expand the collection of available tools for functional genomics in plant species, we constructed a set of modular vectors suitable for hpRNA expression under various constitutive promoters. Our system allows simple cloning of the target gene sequences into two distinct multicloning sites and its modular design provides a straightforward route for replacement of the expression cassette's regulatory elements. More importantly, our system was designed to facilitate the assembly of several hpRNA expression cassettes on a single plasmid, thereby enabling the simultaneous suppression of several target genes from a single vector. We tested the functionality of our new vector system by silencing overexpressed marker genes (green fluorescent protein, DsRed2, and nptII) in transgenic plants. Various combinations of hpRNA expression cassettes were assembled in binary plasmids; all showed strong down-regulation of the reporter genes in transgenic plants. Furthermore, assembly of all three hpRNA expression cassettes, combined with a fourth cassette for the expression of a selectable marker, resulted in down-regulation of all three different marker genes in transgenic plants. This vector system provides an important addition to the plant molecular biologist's toolbox, which will significantly facilitate the use of RNAi technology for analyses of multiple gene function in plant cells. 相似文献
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Functional genomics of wood quality and properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genomics promises to enrich the investigations of biology and biochemistry. Current advancements in genomics have major implications for genetic improvement in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and for our understanding of cell growth, development, differentiation, and communication. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of plant genomics in recent years, and the area continues to 相似文献
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Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that accomplish transposition via an RNA intermediate that is reverse transcribed before integration into a new location within the host genome. They are ubiquitous in eukaryotic organisms and constitute a major portion of the nuclear genome (often more than half of the total DNA) in plants. Furthermore, they are dispersed as interspersed repetitive sequences throughout most of the length of all host chromosomes. These unique properties of retrotransposons have been exploited as genetic tools for plant genome analysis. Major applications are in determining phylogeny and genetic diversity and in the functional analyses of genes in plants. Here, recent advances in molecular markers, gene tagging and functional genomics technologies using plant retrotransposons are described. 相似文献
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This article reviews the advances in molecular genetics that have led to the identification of genes and markers associated with meat quality in pig. The development of a considerable number of annotated livestock genome sequences represents an incredibly rich source of information that can be used to identify candidate genes responsible for complex traits and quantitative trait loci effects. In pig, the huge amount of information emerging from the study of the genome has helped in the acquisition of new knowledge concerning biological systems and it is opening new opportunities for the genetic selection of this specie. Among the new fields of genomics recently developed, functional genomics and proteomics that allow considering many genes and proteins at the same time are very useful tools for a better understanding of the function and regulation of genes, and how these participate in complex networks controlling the phenotypic characteristics of a trait. In particular, global gene expression profiling at the mRNA and protein level can provide a better understanding of gene regulation that underlies biological functions and physiology related to the delivery of a better pig meat quality. Moreover, the possibility to realize an integrated approach of genomics and proteomics with bioinformatics tools is essential to obtain a complete exploitation of the available molecular genetics information. The development of this knowledge will benefit scientists, industry and breeders considering that the efficiency and accuracy of the traditional pig selection schemes will be improved by the implementation of molecular data into breeding programs. 相似文献
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小麦的比较基因组学和功能基因组学 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
小麦是异源多倍体植物,具有大的染色体组,并且基因组中重复序列所占比例较高,这些特征限制了小麦基因组研究的进展。比较基因组学方法为运用模式植物进行小麦基因组学研究提供了一个操作平台。功能基因组学的研究集中于基因组中转录表达的部分,基因功能的确定是功能基因组学研究的主要内容。对比较基因组学在小麦基因组研究中的应用和小麦功能基因组学的研究内容和方法进行了综述。 相似文献