用一个简单快速的RT-PCR技术筛选白细胞介素-6作用相关基因

为了研究白细胞介素-6(IL-6)作用相关基因以及一些可能受IL-6调控的基因,利用一个简单快速的以PCR为基础的方案,检测了IL-6处理和未处理的Sko007细胞中基因表达的差异,克隆并鉴定了差异表达基因的cDNA片段.首先用6-mer寡核苷酸引物进行反转录从而最大限度地将mRNA编码区序列生成cDNA;然后用2或3个较长的随机引物进行PCR扩增,并以不同引物组合重复PCR增扩;扩增产物在2%琼脂糖凝胶上电泳分离,回收差异片段并直接用于克隆、测序及进一步分析.在此研究中,获得了3个表达序列标签(EST),其中一个为新的基因片段,反向RNA杂交有力证实了它们与IL-6作用的相关性.进一步的生物信息学分析表明,新基因片段STRF17在多种组织中表达.     

植物DNA短序列测序新技术诞生

<正>在以往的研究中,针对短测序片段进行的比较基因组分析,多数都需要有事先组装好的DNA序列作为参照,这在一定程度上制约了这类数据在生物信息学研究方面的发展。近日,中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园生态进化组教授Cannon带领其组员发明了一种新的研究方法,即不用事先组装,通过分析检测数据中是否存在达到某种"复杂度"的基因片段和出现频次,来探讨一定数量目标基因组中的序列差异。     

科学出版社生命科学分社新书推介 2010-08

<正>生物序列分析(生物信息学数据分析丛书)〔英〕R.Durbin,S.Eddy,A.Krogh,G.Mitchison编著王俊郭一然单杲主     

佛手低温胁迫相关基因的差异表达

佛手(Citrus medica L.var.sarcodactylis Swingle)是药用及观赏价值都很高的经济植物,但它对低温反应敏感,容易发生冻害现象.因此,了解其冷敏感机制对提高抗寒性起着重要的作用.以佛手为试材,-4℃低温处理24 h后,采用mRNA差异显示技术(DDRT-PCR)和半定量RT-PCR技术,分析和鉴定与冷敏感相关的差异表达基因.DDRT结果获得差异片段121个,经生物信息学分析,差异表达序列中有33条为功能已知序列,88条为未知序列(其中5条具有开放性阅读框);半定量结果获得34个阳性基因片段,其中上调基因片段29个,下调基因片段5个.除了3个基因功能未知外,其余基因主要涉及植物防御/应激反应,细胞壁的修饰,信号转导,代谢,氨基酸转运,氧化损伤,转录和蛋白质的合成,其中与植物防御/应激反应和光合作用有关的基因可能是造成佛手寒敏感的主要原因.     

钩端螺旋体赖型017鞭毛钩相关蛋白K基因的克隆及序列分析

在以抑制消减杂交比较强毒株赖型钩端螺旋体017株和无毒株双曲钩体Patoc　I株　的基因组差异时,获得了一系列仅存在于强毒株而无毒株缺如的差异片段.选取差异片段AF325810设计特异性引物,以赖型钩端螺旋体017株基因组DNA为模板,进行巢式PCR扩增,PCR纯化产物T载体克隆,选取阳性克隆测序,进一步进行生物信息学分析,以获得强毒株赖型钩端螺旋体017株特有的毒力相关基因,DOT BLOT显示其在钩端螺旋体各株间有不同分布PCR扩增得到了产物为2kb大小的DNA片段,序列分析结果显示得到了问号钩端螺旋体赖型017株的鞭毛钩相关蛋白K基因的上游序列,为进一步探索钩端螺旋体的致病机制奠定了基础.     

猪肌肉组织差异表达ESTs的克隆与分析

中国地方猪种与引进瘦肉型猪种在肌肉生长和猪肉品质性状上表现出明显的差异. 为了研究中外猪种这种表型差异的原因, 寻找可能与猪生长或肉质性状相关的基因, 本研究应用银染mRNA差异显示技术, 对广东地方品种蓝塘猪和大白猪成年的眼肌组织mRNA进行比较分析, 并运用生物信息学技术对新发现的1条表达序列标签(ESTsp3)进行了深入的分析. 结果表明: (i) 采用30种引物对组合检测到蓝塘猪和大白猪眼肌组织近2000条cDNA片段, 分离得到在两品种中存在差异表达的6个猪肌肉组织ESTs, 对差异片段进行克隆测序, 所有序列被GenBank收录. (ii) 用电子延伸的方法得到了ESTsp3的一段786 bp序列, 经ORF分析预测其中含有一个83 aa的完整开放阅读框架, 并用RT-PCR方法对延伸序列进行了验证. 电子表达谱分析表明ESTsp3在人的不同生长时期及绝大部分组织器官(如软组织、皮肤、骨骼肌和肾等)均有表达, 但存在表达量的差异.     

鼻咽癌恶性转化基因Tx中3.0kb片段序列分析

从中国人鼻咽癌细胞株 CNE2中克隆分离出的恶性转化基因 Tx,其基因长度为 1 6kb.在对其中 2 .8kb片段测序的基础上 ,对其中 Xho /Eco R 长度约 3.0 kb的片段 ( Tx3.0 )进一步进行了测序 ,并利用生物信息学技术分析认为 ,Tx3.0与人类免疫球蛋白 kappa( Igκ)轻链基因高度同源 ,并直接映射于 J区 .Tx3.0中除有编码免疫球蛋白 kappa链的 J2、J3、J4及 J5基因片段外 ,在各个片段间不仅有 TATA box、CAAT box和 Poly A等经典的调控序列 ,还有 NF- IL6的反应元件、某些转录因子的识别序列、以及核基质结合序列等 .据此以及 2 .8kb序列的分析结果 ,对 Tx3.0下游 1 .0 kb片段序列进行了预测 .对 Tx3.0基因片段的研究为进一步研究 Tx基因在鼻咽癌发病中的作用 ,提供了重要信息 .     

树干毕赤酵母(Pichia Stipitis)木糖还原酶(xyl1)基因克隆与序列分析

根据木糖还原酶基因序列相似的特点,设计一对引物获得Pichia stipitis CICC1960的一段基因片段,此片段长度为957bp,共编码318个氨基酸.利用生物信息学软件对该序列进行了同源性分析、氨基酸组成分析、疏水性分析、磷酸化位点预测、CDS 分析及二、三级结构预测.结果表明该片段为Pichia stipitis CICC1960木糖还原酶基因序列.     

生物信息学辅助定位及延伸辐射诱导未知表达序列标签

研究辐射诱导的基因表达调控对于认识细胞对辐射损伤的应激反应有重要意义.在低剂量辐射诱导新基因RIG1表达序列标签(expression sequence tag,EST)片段的基础上,通过非克隆cDNA文库和RACE(rapidamplification of cDNA end)技术获得了其3′末端.依据实验得到的这两段EST序列所提供的信息,通过生物信息学分析将RIG1基因初步定位在20号染色体.对20号染色体RIG1区基因组序列进行外显子扫描,发现预测的外显子正好与实验得到的EST相吻合.利用预测的外显子设计特异引物,成功地克隆了RIG1基因全长序列.同时,对20号染色体RIG1区的生物信息学分析表明,在RIG1基因的上游存在启动子区,从而确定了RIG1基因的基因组序列.因此,通过生物信息学辅助设计实验,快捷地定位及延伸了未知EST片段RIG1,基本完成了RIG1的全基因、基因组序列及染色体定位研究.     

生物信息学辅助定位及延伸辐射诱导未知表达序列标签

研究辐射诱导的基因表达调控对于认识细胞对辐射损伤的应激反应有重要意义.在低剂量辐射诱导新基因RIG1表达序列标签(expression sequence tag,EST)片段的基础上,通过非克隆cDNA文库和RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA end)技术获得了其3′末端.依据实验得到的这两段EST序列所提供的信息,通过生物信息学分析将RIG1基因初步定位在20号染色体.对20号染色体RIG1区基因组序列进行外显子扫描,发现预测的外显子正好与实验得到的EST相吻合.利用预测的外显子设计特异引物,成功地克隆了RIG1基因全长序列.同时,对20号染色体RIG1区的生物信息学分析表明,在RIG1基因的上游存在启动子区,从而确定了RIG1基因的基因组序列.因此,通过生物信息学辅助设计实验,快捷地定位及延伸了未知EST片段RIG1,基本完成了RIG1的全基因、基因组序列及染色体定位研究.     

基于Internet网生物信息资源特定基因同源新基因克隆策略

随着人类基因组计划的基本完成,各类生物信息学数据库和软件层出不穷,利用Internet网上生物信息资源克隆新基因的策略也得到新的发展。作者在简单介绍网上生物信息资源以及新基因克隆策略的同时,着重对基于EST数据库和基因组数据库特定基因的同源新基因克隆策略进行了详细阐述。     

Hybridization-based antibody cDNA recovery for the production of recombinant antibodies identified by repertoire sequencing

High-throughput sequencing of the antibody repertoire is enabling a thorough analysis of B cell diversity and clonal selection, which may improve the novel antibody discovery process. Theoretically, an adequate bioinformatic analysis could allow identification of candidate antigen-specific antibodies, requiring their recombinant production for experimental validation of their specificity. Gene synthesis is commonly used for the generation of recombinant antibodies identified in silico. Novel strategies that bypass gene synthesis could offer more accessible antibody identification and validation alternatives. We developed a hybridization-based recovery strategy that targets the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3) for the enrichment of cDNA of candidate antigen-specific antibody sequences. Ten clonal groups of interest were identified through bioinformatic analysis of the heavy chain antibody repertoire of mice immunized with hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). cDNA from eight of the targeted clonal groups was recovered efficiently, leading to the generation of recombinant antibodies. One representative heavy chain sequence from each clonal group recovered was paired with previously reported anti-HEL light chains to generate full antibodies, later tested for HEL-binding capacity. The recovery process proposed represents a simple and scalable molecular strategy that could enhance antibody identification and specificity assessment, enabling a more cost-efficient generation of recombinant antibodies.     

新基因功能研究的策略与方法

开展新基因功能研究在当前生物医学研究中变得日益重要.基因功能的研究策略主要包括新基因的生物信息学及体内表达规律分析、功能获得与功能失活策略研究、基因编码产物相互作用蛋白的研究.同时,结合近年来国内外的一些新进展,对与各种策略相关的一些技术方法也进行了介绍.     

Genomic approaches in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria allow fishing for virulence genes

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is an economically important pathogen of pepper and tomato and has been established as a model organism to study bacterial infection strategies. In the last two decades, intensive genetic and molecular analyses led to the isolation of many genes that play a role in the intimate molecular relationship with the host plant. Essential for pathogenicity is a type III protein secretion system, which delivers bacterial effector proteins into the host cell. Currently, the genome of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria is being sequenced. The availability of genomic sequence information will pave the way for the identification of new bacterial virulence factors by bioinformatic approaches. In this article, we will present preliminary data from the genomic sequence analysis and describe recent and novel studies to identify bacterial type III effector genes.     

Hybridization-based antibody cDNA recovery for the production of recombinant antibodies identified by repertoire sequencing

High-throughput sequencing of the antibody repertoire is enabling a thorough analysis of B cell diversity and clonal selection, which may improve the novel antibody discovery process. Theoretically, an adequate bioinformatic analysis could allow identification of candidate antigen-specific antibodies, requiring their recombinant production for experimental validation of their specificity. Gene synthesis is commonly used for the generation of recombinant antibodies identified in silico. Novel strategies that bypass gene synthesis could offer more accessible antibody identification and validation alternatives. We developed a hybridization-based recovery strategy that targets the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3) for the enrichment of cDNA of candidate antigen-specific antibody sequences. Ten clonal groups of interest were identified through bioinformatic analysis of the heavy chain antibody repertoire of mice immunized with hen egg white lysozyme (HEL). cDNA from eight of the targeted clonal groups was recovered efficiently, leading to the generation of recombinant antibodies. One representative heavy chain sequence from each clonal group recovered was paired with previously reported anti-HEL light chains to generate full antibodies, later tested for HEL-binding capacity. The recovery process proposed represents a simple and scalable molecular strategy that could enhance antibody identification and specificity assessment, enabling a more cost-efficient generation of recombinant antibodies.     

High-throughput phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa membrane transport genes

The deluge of data generated by genome sequencing has led to an increasing reliance on bioinformatic predictions, since the traditional experimental approach of characterizing gene function one at a time cannot possibly keep pace with the sequence-based discovery of novel genes. We have utilized Biolog phenotype MicroArrays to identify phenotypes of gene knockout mutants in the opportunistic pathogen and versatile soil bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a relatively high-throughput fashion. Seventy-eight P. aeruginosa mutants defective in predicted sugar and amino acid membrane transporter genes were screened and clear phenotypes were identified for 27 of these. In all cases, these phenotypes were confirmed by independent growth assays on minimal media. Using qRT-PCR, we demonstrate that the expression levels of 11 of these transporter genes were induced from 4- to 90-fold by their substrates identified via phenotype analysis. Overall, the experimental data showed the bioinformatic predictions to be largely correct in 22 out of 27 cases, and led to the identification of novel transporter genes and a potentially new histamine catabolic pathway. Thus, rapid phenotype identification assays are an invaluable tool for confirming and extending bioinformatic predictions.     

定位于染色体9p21-22的一个新基因UBAP1的克隆测序及在鼻咽癌中的表达分析

 在染色体 9p2 1 2 2鼻咽癌杂合性丢失 (lossofheterozygosity,LOH)高频区 ,应用EST介导的定位 侯选克隆策略 ,用RT PCR及Northern杂交检测了 2 2个表达序列标记 (expressedsequencetag ,EST)在鼻咽癌细胞株HNE1和原代培养的正常鼻咽上皮细胞中的表达差异 ,并对其中一个在鼻咽癌细胞株HNE1中表达下调的EST检测了在鼻咽癌活检组织中的表达 .用生物信息学方法获得其全长cDNA序列 ,GenBank登录号AF2 2 2 0 4 3.该基因cDNA全长 2 70 1bp ,其开放阅读框 (openreadingframe ,ORF)编码一个含 50 2个氨基酸、分子量为 55kD的碱性蛋白质 ,在蛋白羧基端含有 2个连续的重要UBA功能域 (ubiquitinassociateddomain) ,属于遍在蛋白相关蛋白家族的一个新成员 ,经国际人类基因命名委员会同意 ,将其命名为UBAP1 (ubiquitinassociatedprotein 1 ) .Northern表达分析显示UBAP1在所检测的人组织中广泛表达 ,但在人的心脏、骨骼肌及肝脏中的表达较强 .UBAP1基因在63 2 % ( 1 2 1 9)的鼻咽癌活检组织中表达下调 .UBAP1基因作为一个遍在蛋白相关蛋白家族的新成员 ,结合其在 9p的重要定位信息 ,有必要进一步研究其表达下调参与鼻咽癌发生发展的可能机制 .