蒺藜皂苷对大鼠动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

观察从全草中所提蒺藜总皂苷(tribu saponin from Tribulus terrestris,STT)对大鼠动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)形成的影响,从而探讨其对AS的治疗作用.应用高脂饲料饮食配合注射维生素D3建立SD大鼠AS模型,并设立正常组、模型组、辛伐他汀组和蒺藜皂苷低、中、高三个剂量组.实验8周后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠体重、肝脏重量;检测血清丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及血脂生化指标和肝脏总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平;苏木素伊红(HE)染色观察主动脉组织、肝组织形态学变化.结果显示,与模型组相比,蒺藜皂苷三个剂量组能够降低大鼠肝脏TC水平(P<0.01～P<0.05),而低、中剂量的蒺藜皂苷可以显著降低肝脏TG水平(P<0.01～P<0.05);低、高剂量的蒺藜皂苷能够提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C,P<0.01);三个蒺藜皂苷剂量均能降低血清 MDA水平(P< 0.01),并且高剂量的蒺藜皂苷能够降低血清T-AOC(P<0.05);同时观察到蒺藜皂苷不同程度的改善了主动脉及肝组织病理损伤.提示蒺藜皂苷具有一定的抗动脉硬化形成的作用.     

松萝调节结肠菌群抗动脉粥样硬化研究CSCD

目的 研究松萝通过调节结肠菌群的失调,改善动脉粥样硬化(AS)病理状态的作用机制,为松萝醇提物抗AS提供新的实验基础。方法 将48只SD大鼠随机等量分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组以及松萝醇提物低、中、高剂量组。高脂饲料联合腹腔注射VD_(3)建立AS大鼠模型。用阳性药物辛伐他汀及低、中、高剂量的松萝醇提物对AS模型大鼠干预治疗,4周后,运用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,计算动脉粥样硬化指数(AI),通过HE染色检测大鼠主动脉病理形态,采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术检测结肠菌群数量。结果 松萝醇提物能显著改善模型大鼠主动脉的斑块沉积,显著降低TC、TG、LDL-C水平和AI及升高HDL-C水平(均P<0.05)。基于16S rDNA测序技术分析,松萝醇提物的干预治疗可以下调结肠菌群中致病菌毛螺旋菌属和志贺菌属的相对丰度,上调益生菌拟杆菌属的相对丰度。其中,中剂量松萝醇提物对AS导致的肠道菌群失调有显著调节作用。结论 松萝对AS具有良好的治疗效果,其作用机制可能与改善肠道菌群结构紊乱,促进AS模型大鼠的脂质代谢有关。     

CXCL8对小鼠动脉粥样硬化发生发展的影响及其分子机制研究

目的:探讨趋化因子8(CXCL8)对小鼠动脉粥样硬化(AS)发生发展的影响及其可能机制。方法:40只雄性Apo E-/-小鼠随机分为AS组和CXCL8抑制剂(G31P)组,每组各20只,另选取20只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠作为对照组。AS组小鼠予高脂饲料喂养12周,G31P组小鼠予高脂饲料喂养12周的同时皮下注射G31P(注射剂量为500μg/kg),对照组的小鼠予普通饲料喂养12周。ELISA法检测小鼠血清中的甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)水平,实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测小鼠主动脉组织中CXCL8及基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)mRNA的表达量,Western-blot法检测主动脉CXCL8及MMP9蛋白表达量。结果:高脂饮食喂养12周后,AS组小鼠血清中的TG、LDL-C、TC水平均高于G31P组,而HDL-C水平明显低于G31P组(P0.05);G31P组小鼠血清中的TG、LDL-C、TC水平均高于对照组,HDL-C水平低于对照组(P0.05)。AS组小鼠主动脉组织中的CXCL8、MMP9的m RNA表达量及蛋白表达量高于G31P组(P0.05),G31P组小鼠主动脉组织中的的CXCL8、MMP9的m RNA表达量及蛋白表达量高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:CXCL8在AS小鼠主动脉组织中呈高表达,CXCL8可能通过影响MMP9的表达在一定程度上参与了AS的发生发展,抑制CXCL8的表达或可延缓AS的发生发展。     

海带多糖对实验性动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂和NO及NOS的影响

探讨海带多糖(LJP)对实验性动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠血脂和NO及NOS的影响。采用高脂饲料+维生素D3(VD3)饲养方法建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型,12周造模成功后,将大鼠随机分为6组,每组10只,分别为正常组、模型组、辛伐他汀对照组及海带多糖低剂量(250 mg·kg-1·d-1)、中剂量(500 mg·kg-1·d-1)、高剂量(1 000 mg·kg-1·d-1)治疗组。海带多糖治疗组在给药8周后,制备主动脉冰冻切片,HE染色观察主动脉病理组织学变化。颈动脉取血测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量;分别测定血清与主动脉中的一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平。结果显示,与模型组比较,HE染色观察发现LJP治疗组能抑制内膜与中膜平滑肌增生,减少主动脉内皮脂质沉积与胆固醇的结晶;与模型组比较,高剂量LJP可明显降低大鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平,同时LJP也会明显提高HDL-C水平(p0.05),中剂量LJP能够降低大鼠血清中TG水平,同时LJP也会明显提高HDL-C水平(p0.05),高、中剂量的LJP均可提高模型大鼠血清和主动脉中NO和NOS水平(p0.05)。LJP可改善动脉粥样硬化(AS)大鼠血脂水平,对AS形成以及发展具有一定的治疗效果,其可能是机制是通过调节血脂水平,提高NO和NOS的水平,稳定AS斑块,从而有效地抑制AS疾病的发生和发展。     

高脂诱导五指山小型猪动脉粥样硬化模型的建立及Lp-PLA_2的表达调控

目的高脂诱导建立五指山小型猪动脉粥样硬化(AS)模型,观察脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A_2(Lp-PLA_2)在AS模型血浆和斑块中的表达变化。方法将10只五指山小型猪随机分为正常对照(Ctr)组4只饲喂普通饲料、AS模型(AS model)组6只饲喂高脂饲料,连续造模24周。造模24周时,空腹取前腔静脉血测定总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、Lp-PLA_2活性和成分的变化,并取主动脉进行油红O染色以及取腹主动脉血管行HE染色和IL-6免疫组化染色,观察血管脂质沉积和斑块病理以及IL-6蛋白表达变化。采用RT-PCR和Western Blot法观察腹主动脉组织中Lp-PLA_2mRNA和蛋白的表达情况。结果与正常对照组比,AS模型组体重、体质量指数(BMI)、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、CRP、Lp-PLA_2活性和成分均显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),同时主动脉脂质沉积明显(P0.01)和AS斑块形成,腹主动脉组织中Lp-PLA_2mRNA和蛋白表达以及IL-6蛋白表达均显著升高(P0.05)。结论长期高脂饮食24周能诱发五指山小型猪AS,且Lp-PLA_2在参与血管炎症和AS斑块形成中发挥了关键作用。     

HFJ大鼠与Wistar大鼠用于动脉粥样硬化造模的比较研究

目的通过高脂喂养和免疫损伤结合的方法,建立HFJ近交系大鼠和Wistar封闭群大鼠动脉粥样硬化动物模型并进行比较分析。方法选择HFJ近交系和Wistar封闭群大鼠,分别随机分为模型组和正常组,正常组给予基础饲料饲喂,模型组给予高脂饲料饲喂,并采用牛血清白蛋白(40mg/kg)和卵清白蛋白(2.5mg/kg)进行免疫损伤,并辅以维生素D3(25万U/kg)灌胃,饲养90d后测定血脂水平、血液生化指标、观察病理变化和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)免疫组化情况。结果 (1)HFJ和Wistar大鼠正常组相比较,前者TG、TC和LDL-C水平高于后者(P<0.05),HFJ大鼠模型组LDL-C含量明显高于Wistar大鼠(P<0.05);(2)心肌损伤指标,HFJ和Wistar大鼠模型组均较正常组心肌激酶(CK)、心肌激酶同工酶(CK-Mb)明显升高;(3)HE染色发现与Wistar大鼠模型组相比,HFJ近交系大鼠斑块形成更为明显,明显处于动脉粥样硬化病理Ⅲ期,可见纤维帽形成,纤维帽下具有典型的胆固醇结晶裂隙和泡沫细胞,中层平滑肌排列紊乱;(4)免疫组化法测定主动脉弓VEGF蛋白的表达,HFJ大鼠模型组较Wistar大鼠表达升高(P<0.05)。结论成功建立了HFJ大鼠动脉粥样硬化疾病动物模型,与Wistar大鼠相比HFJ大鼠模型特点更为显著,可为动脉粥样硬化研究提供一新的实验动物品系。     

血脂康胶囊对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂及C反应蛋白的影响

目的:探讨血脂康胶囊对动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂及血清C反应蛋白的影响.方法:健康成年大鼠24只,随机分成假手术组(Sham组,n=8),动脉粥样梗化模型组(AS组,n=8),血脂康治疗组(XZK组,n=8).4w后,测定血液流变学参数,用自动生化分析仪测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清CRP水平.结果:与Sham组相比,AS组和XZK治疗组大鼠全血的切粘度、血清的TC、TG、LDL-C、CRP水平升高(均P＜0.05);与AS组比较,XZK治疗组大鼠全血的切粘度、血清的TC、TG、LDL-C、CRP水平降低(均P＜0.05).结论:血脂康胶囊能降低动脉粥样硬化大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C,可能机制之一是通过降低血清C反应蛋白的水平.     

冠状动脉粥样硬化大鼠实验动物模型的改进与评价

目的通过对文献报道的动脉粥样硬化大鼠造模方法的改进,建立一种适合进行心血管疾病研究的冠状动脉粥样硬化Wistar大鼠模型。方法将40只大鼠随机分为对照组与模型组,对照组15只,模型组25只。模型组高脂饲料喂养配合前3个月,每月按15万U/kg每月腹腔注射维生素D3一次,对照组喂养普通饲料,造模时长150 d。实验结束后通过对血管内皮、脂代谢、炎症浸润几个方面对模型大鼠进行考察。结果证实模型组大鼠较对照组血清LDL-C、CHO、TG水平明显升高,HDL-C/LDL-C、NO/ET-1值明显降低;AI值显著增高;血清NO、ET-1、ox-LDL、AngⅡ、sICAM-1表达明显增高;HE染色显示：模型组大鼠冠状动脉出现血栓、内皮破坏、粥样斑块形成,血管壁钙化情况;心肌纤维组织增生,炎细胞浸润,心肌轻度变性;主动脉出现动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,而对照组无病变产生。结论本方法能够提供一种稳定的、复制性好的用于冠状动脉粥样硬化实验研究的大鼠模型。     

普罗布考对动脉粥样硬化大鼠平滑肌细胞凋亡及p53和Fas蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨普罗布考防治动脉粥样硬化（AS）的机制。方法选用雄性大鼠,复制大鼠AS模型,随机分为动脉粥样硬化模型组、普罗布考组和正常对照组。大鼠造模成功后给予普罗布考治疗,6周后处死大鼠,采用流式细胞术检测平滑肌细胞凋亡率及凋亡相关基因p53和Fas蛋白的表达。结果模型组大鼠血管平滑肌细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,p53和Fas蛋白的表达增强（P％0．05）,主动脉壁可肉眼观测典型斑块。普罗布考组大鼠平滑肌细胞的凋亡率明显低于模型组（P〈0．05）,p53和Fas蛋白表达下调（P〈0．05）,主动脉斑块面积较模型组减小明显。结论普罗布考通过调节p53和Fas蛋白表达来调节AS大鼠平滑肌细胞的凋亡。     

瑞舒伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠早期动脉粥样硬化形成的影响

目的:观察他汀类调脂药物瑞舒伐他汀(Rosuvastatin)对2型糖尿病(type2diabetesmellitus,T2DM)大鼠早期动脉粥样硬化形成的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法:将45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、2型糖尿病组(DM组)、2型糖尿病瑞舒伐他汀治疗组(DR组),每组15只。以喂高糖高脂饮食方法建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型,DM组、DR组给予高糖高脂饮食1个月后腹腔注射25mg/kg链脲佐菌素;NC组给予普通饮食,注射枸橼酸缓冲液作为对照。在此基础上,DR组给予瑞舒伐他汀5mg/(kg.d)灌胃,NC组、DM组给予生理盐水灌胃。16周后测定各组大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平与稳态血糖(BG)、稳态胰岛素(PGI)浓度,用免疫组化法检测主动脉血管壁白细胞分化抗原40(clusterofdifferentiation 40,CD40)及基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、激活蛋白-1(activator protein-1,AP-1)的表达水平。结果:DM组、DR组TC、TG、LDL-C与BG水平较NC组均显著升高(F=33.71~426....     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。