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1.
于2000年丰、枯水期对契爷石水库的理化因子,浮游生物种类组成,细胞密度等进行了调查研究,并利用有关评价指数对该水库水体的营养水平进行了评价。结果表明,契爷石水库目前已进入富营养化状态,且枯水期较丰水期富营养化程度更为严重,另外,全年有机污染也比较严重。浮游植物丰水期以蓝藻、绿藻为主,枯水期以蓝藻、硅藻为主,该水库属于典型的蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻型水库,且有较高丰度的耐有机污染的裸藻所在。浮游动物以轮虫和桡足类为主,轮虫主要以耐有机、喜富营养的萼花臂尾轮虫(Rrachionus calyciflorus)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochearis)为主,挠足类主要以无节幼体,桡足幼体为主,成体很少,且主要以剑水蚤为主,喜寡营养的哲水蚤在该水库中没有出现,枝角类种类,数量都很少,多为广温型、嗜暖型种类,其中长额象鼻蚤(Bosmina longirostris)和微型裸腹蚤(Moina micrura)习居于富营养型水体中。  相似文献   

2.
胡韧  雷腊梅  韩博平 《生态学报》2008,28(10):4652-4664
新丰江水库是我国第四大的水库,也是广东省最大的水库和重要的水源地。于2004~2005年2月一次调查了新丰江水库水文、水质和浮游植物分布,分析了浮游植物群落季节动态特征。新丰江水库浮游植物生物量比较低,在0.037—1.497mg·L^-1之间变化。浮游植物种类较多,11次采样共检到158种。在丰度上,水库浮游植物主要以小环藻、蓝纤维藻、小球藻和纤维藻等优势种为主,而在生物量上则以微小多甲藻为优势。浮游植物组成随季节变化而不同,春季以硅藻、甲藻和绿藻为优势类群;夏季以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为优势类群;秋季蓝、绿藻减少而硅藻和甲藻增加。2004年的浮游植物季节性变化更为明显,有从硅藻-绿藻优势(2月和4月份),到蓝藻-绿藻优势(6月和8月份),到混合优势(10月份)和金藻优势(12月份)这样一个变化过程。2005年硅藻的相对丰度比2004年高出很多。两年浮游植物组成的差异与两年的降水量有关。水动力学对丰水期(6~8月份)浮游植物组成结构有较大影响,导致硅藻和绿藻相对丰度的增加。与温带贫营养型水库相比,新丰江水库的浮游植物群落具有春季和秋季种类多、夏季的蓝藻种类丰富的特点。从细胞大小分布上看,小于20μm浮游植物是生物量的主要贡献者,其次是大于45μm的浮游植物。在粒径小于20μm的浮游植物中,微小多甲藻是最主要的贡献者。浮游植物群落的大小分布受水动力学条件和营养盐浓度动态的影响。  相似文献   

3.
飞来峡水库蓄水初期营养状态及浮游生物分布特征   总被引:17,自引:5,他引:12  
于2000年丰水期和枯水期调查分析了新建河流型水库—飞来峡水库在蓄水初期的营养状态及浮游生物特征。结果表明:水库处于营养累积高峰期,已开始回落,但流域上游大量含磷废水使水库中磷含量继续上升,目前属于中营养型。共记录到浮游植物29种(属),以蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门种类较多,其中丰水期以蓝藻和绿藻为主,枯水期是硅藻占优势,除大坝附近外,浮游植物两个季节密度变化不大,为0.39×106cells·L-1。浮游动物53种(属),其中包括僧帽溞和透明薄皮溞两种嗜寒性种类,丰度为52ind.·L-1,枯水期高于丰水期,数量以轮虫和无节幼体为多。  相似文献   

4.
香溪河流域浮游植物调查与水质评价   总被引:54,自引:0,他引:54  
报道了1996年10月~1997年7月和2003年对香溪河流域浮游植物2周年的调查结果。数据显示,香溪河流域的浮游植物主要由硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻组成。1996-1997年硅藻的种类最多,绿藻次之,蓝藻居第3位;2003年绿藻的种类数跃居首位,硅藻次之,其它藻类亦有不同程度的变化。藻类的细胞密度表现出明显的季节变化.最高、最低值分别出现在夏季和冬季。应用Margalef多样性指数和Menkinick多样性指数对香溪河流域的水质进行评价的结果显示:2003年该流域的水质营养等级为中一富营养型,水环境质量较6年前有所下降。  相似文献   

5.
鹤地水库浮游生物与富营养化特征分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
林桂花  韩博平 《生态科学》2002,21(3):208-212
于2000年丰水期和枯水期调查分析了鹤地水库的营养状态及浮游生物特征.结果表明鹤地水库营养盐含量很高,综合营养状态指数评价为中-富营养化水平.浮游植物丰水期和枯水期的细胞密度分别为1 950.5~3 509.7×104 cells@L-1和130.5~231.3×104 cells@L-1,蓝藻中的微囊藻和席藻数量占细胞总数的83%以上.在丰水期和枯水期,浮游植物的群落结构均为蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻型,优势种为微囊藻和席藻.次优势种由丰水期蓝藻中的粘球藻,颤藻,绿藻中的衣藻,和硅藻中的颗粒直链藻等转变为枯水期的蓝藻门的水华束丝藻和硅藻门的颗粒直链藻等富营养化指示种.鹤地水库的浮游动物种类不多,但数量很高.丰水期的无节幼体和桡足幼体数量很多,但从优势种类来说,轮虫以曲腿龟甲轮虫,纵长异尾轮虫,剪形臂尾轮虫为主,枝角类的优势种为长额象鼻蚤;枯水期时无节幼体的数量最多,桡足幼体数量急剧下降,优势种类则转变为枝角类的长额象鼻蚤和桡足类的广布中剑水蚤.两个水期浮游动物的优势种类均是以耐污种和广布性种类为主.  相似文献   

6.
东小磨虾池及其沿岸浮游植物群落物种多样性   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
1991年6~9月东小磨虾池及其沿岸浮游植物群落中出现过的浮游植物门类有硅藻、甲藻、蓝藻、绿藻、金藻和裸藻等,种类在94种以上,以硅藻为主,达59种。其中国内以前未记录过的海洋种类4种。虾池与沿岸的浮游植物群落物种多样性之间存在着一些差异。ShannonWeaner多样性指数的范围在0.12~3.17  相似文献   

7.
广东省公平水库与星湖生态特征的对比分析   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
在采样和测定分析的基础上,对营养盐水平和水深较为接近的公平水库和星湖的生态特征进行对比分析。结果表明,公平水库和星湖的生态特征差异显著,其主要原因是两者水动力过程的不同。公平水库水力滞留时间是星湖的1/2,水柱全年混合较好,而星湖在夏季则有明显分层现象。公平水库总氮、总磷浓度的最高值出现在丰水期的7月,枯水期明显低于丰水期,营养盐主要来源于外源.而星湖主要受内源循环的控制,总氮和总磷浓度的最高值出现在丰水期刚开始的4月,7月总氮、总磷浓度有所下降,在分层现象消失的10月,总磷浓度明显升高。公平水库水滞留时间短,水位波动较大。不利于蓝藻形成优势,其浮游植物的群落结构类型表现为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,星湖水滞留时间长,水体相对稳定,为蓝藻占优势提供了条件,浮游植物群落结构类型表现为蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻型。  相似文献   

8.
广东省典型水库浮游植物组成与分布特征   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
胡韧  林秋奇  王朝晖  韩博平 《生态学报》2002,22(11):1939-1944
在2000年的丰水期(6—7月份)和枯水期(11—12月份)分别对广东省19个大中型水库的浮游植物进行采样调查。一共发现有7门89属142种的藻类。其中绿藻84种,硅藻25种,蓝藻19种,裸藻9种,甲藻和金藻各两种以及隐藻1种。水库的主要优势种为蓝藻或硅藻。藻类的细胞密度和叶绿素含量从水库上游到水库下游依次降低。丰水期的藻类丰度要高于枯水期。绝大多数水库在丰水期优势种为蓝藻,而在枯水期的优势种为硅藻。人为导致的水量增减会对季节性变化造成影响。从空间分布上看,每西和珠江三角洲地区主要优势种为蓝藻,而每东地区和东江、韩江流域的主要优势种为绿藻,北江流域的各种类组成比较均匀。  相似文献   

9.
亚热带大型水库——新丰江水库的浮游生物群落特征   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
于2000年丰水期和枯水期,调查了新丰江水库的浮游生物群落结构,新丰江水库处于贫营养状态,浮游生物密度和生物量均较低。浮游植物34种,丰水期以蓝、绿藻为主,分别占总数量的31.7%和36.8%,蓝藻、绿藻细胞微小,chl.a量未占优势;枯水期硅藻为优势种群,占63.9%,浮游生物22种,丰水期轮虫为主,占65.3%,枯水期桡足类占81%,丰水期动物密度较高,但丰水期以轮虫如螺形龟甲轮虫为主,枯水期以无节幼体,桡足幼体及广布中剑水蚤居多,因此枯水期生物量高于丰水期。  相似文献   

10.
太平湖水库的浮游藻类与营养型评价   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
研究了太平湖水库的浮游藻类与营养类型。共发现藻类175种。绿藻门的种类最多(87种),占种类总数的50%。硅藻和蓝藻次之(分别为34和33种),各占19.4%和18.8%。其它5门藻合计21种,仅占种类总数的11.8%。根据营养型分析结果,太平湖目前水质优良,属中营养型水体;但是藻类的优势种类和总氮含量两项指标已达富营养水平,而且微囊藻(Microcystis)水体较多出现,表明该水体已有向富营养化发展的趋势。含磷量较低(总磷0.012mg/L)是浮游藻类进一步大量繁殖的限制因子。为防止水质恶化,除了应控制含氮化合物的污染外,限制磷的输入尤为重要。  相似文献   

11.
The limnology of Mazvikadei Reservoir, northern Zimbabwe, was investigated in 2015 to determine whether it had changed since filling in 1990. The reservoir is characterised by low algal biomass, low nutrients (i.e. N and P) and high water clarity/transparency. Fifty-four species of phytoplankton were recorded, comprising Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Desmids, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta. Chlorophyta numerically dominated in the hot dry season, whereas Bacillariophyta, Desmids, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta dominated in the cool dry season. Species richness was highest at the onset of the cool dry season, in response to high nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton abundance and composition were significantly correlated with temperature, nitrates and total nitrogen. Nineteen zooplankton species were recorded, including Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera. Overall, Cladocera were numerically dominant and became most abundant during the cool dry season. Rotifers and copepods dominated during the hot dry season. The zooplankton abundance was correlated with reactive phosphorus and phytoplankton abundance. The trophic state of Mazvikadei Reservoir seems to have stabilised and to have assumed the physico-chemical characteristics and plankton community typical of an oligotrophic lake.  相似文献   

12.
In order to test the hypothesis that zooplankton biomass distribution (total and taxonomic groups) was influenced by the nutrient concentration and primary productivity distribution in three tropical reservoirs, subsurface samples were taken in the fluvial, transitional and lacustrine regions of three reservoirs (oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic) in southern Brazil (Paraná State) in March and September 2002. Zooplankton biomass ranged from 0.04 to 264.47 mg DW m−3. Higher biomass values were observed for cladocerans (73.60%; 0.01–259.86 mg DW m−3), followed by copepods (22.05%; 0.01–69.69 mg DW m−3) and rotifers (4.35%; 0.01–11.52 mg DW m−3). In general, the total zooplankton, rotifer, cladoceran and copepod biomass, and chlorophyll-a and total nutrient concentrations showed a similar longitudinal distribution within the reservoirs. Total zooplankton, rotifer and cladoceran biomass were related to the chlorophyll-a concentration, and zooplankton biomass was related to the total phosphorus distribution. This may have been due to the significant multicolinearity between the chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus concentrations. Cyanobacteria influenced the taxonomic group biomass results by interfering with the filter feeding in larger zooplankton species, which favoured the dominance of smaller species. As regards the longitudinal distribution of copepod biomass, cyanobacteria biomass determined the displacement of the microcrustaceans to the fluvial region of Iraí Reservoir. Our results supported the hypothesis formulated and the primary productivity was the major predictor of the zooplankton biomass distribution in the reservoirs. Handling editor: S. Dodson  相似文献   

13.
1. We investigated the effect of trophic status on the organic matter budget in freshwater ecosystems. During leaf litter breakdown, the relative contribution of the functional groups and the quantity/quality of organic matter available to higher trophic levels are expected to be modified by the anthropogenic release of nutrients. 2. Carbon budgets were established during the breakdown of alder leaves enclosed in coarse mesh bags and submerged in six streams: two oligotrophic, one mesotrophic, two eutrophic and one hypertrophic streams. Nitrate concentrations were 4.5–6.7 mg L−1 and the trophic status of each stream was defined by the soluble reactive phosphorus concentration ranging from 3.4 (oligotrophic) to 89 μg L−1 (hypertrophic). An ammonium gradient paralleled the phosphate gradient with mean concentrations ranging from 1.4 to 560 μg L−1 NH4‐N. The corresponding unionised ammonia concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 19 μg L−1 NH3‐N over the six streams. 3. The dominant shredder taxa were different in the oligo‐, meso‐ and eutrophic streams. No shredders were observed in the hypertrophic stream. These changes may be accounted for by the gradual increase in the concentration of ammonia over the six streams. The shredder biomass dramatically decreased in eu‐ and hypertrophic streams compared with oligo‐ and mesotrophic. 4. Fungal biomass increased threefold from the most oligotrophic to the less eutrophic stream and decreased in the most eutrophic and the hypertrophic. Bacterial biomass increased twofold from the most oligotrophic to the hypertrophic stream. Along the trophic gradient, the microbial CO2 production followed that of microbial biomass whereas the microbial fine particulate organic matter and net dissolved organic carbon (DOC) did not consistently vary. These results indicate that the microorganisms utilised the substrate and the DOC differently in streams of various trophic statuses. 5. In streams receiving various anthropogenic inputs, the relative contribution of the functional groups to leaf mass loss varied extensively as a result of stimulation and the deleterious effects of dissolved inorganic compounds. The quality/quantity of the organic matter produced by microorganisms slightly varied, as they use DOC from stream water instead of the substrate they decompose in streams of higher trophic status.  相似文献   

14.
Budding and prosthecate bacteria were enumerated in spring and summer by viable counting procedures in several freshwater habitats in Australia including oligotrophic lakes, a mesotrophic lake, and eutrophic ponds.Caulobacter spp. were the most numerous type encountered. They were present in the highest concentrations (exceeding 1000/ml) in the mesotrophic lake during the summer. Their proportion to total viable heterotrophic bacteria was also highest (35.1 to 37.7) in this habitat. From 17 to 330/mlCaulobacter spp. were counted in the eutrophic habitats where their proportion to total viable numbers was less than 1.0%. In the oligotrophic lakes they varied from 5 to 23/ml and comprised greater than 5% of the total viable count.Hyphomicrobium- like bacteria were also numerous in the mesotrophic lake and in one oligotrophic lake during the summer sampling period.Ancalomicrobium spp. occurred in high concentrations (130/ml) in the mesotrophic lake. Budding bacteria of thePlanctomyces-Pasteuria group were most numerous in the eutrophic habitats where as many as 240/ml were counted; their proportion to total heterotrophs remained relatively constant regardless of trophic state, however. A similar pattern was observed withProsthecobacter spp.  相似文献   

15.
湖北四湖泊营养类型与轮虫群落的关系   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
对湖北梁子湖水系不同营养类型(中营养型、富营养型)4个湖泊中轮虫的群落结构和物种多样性进行了周年研究,分析比较了不同营养类型湖泊的轮虫种类组成、分布、优势种组成、密度、生物量和多样性指数。结果表明:轮虫的种类数、物种多样性与营养水平呈负相关关系,轮虫密度大体上随营养水平提高而增大,富营养化引起轮虫空间异质性降低,受污染湖泊与非污染湖泊轮虫种类数、寡污性种类数及分布差异尤为明显。用多样性指数评价湖泊营养状态与TLIc方法一致。  相似文献   

16.
杨威  孙雨琛  张婷婷  刘琪  黄悦  葛茜  邓道贵 《生态学报》2020,40(14):4874-4882
2017年3月到2018年2月研究了临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化。临涣湖共记录浮游甲壳动物13种,其中枝角类8属8种,桡足类5属5种。短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)等小型富营养种类是温暖季节的优势种,而近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)是冬季的优势种。盔形溞(Daphnia galeata)等大型种类仅在少数月份中被观察到。临涣湖浮游甲壳动物的年平均密度和生物量分别为28.3个/L和0.33 mg/L。营养状态指数(TSI_M)的年平均值为62.6。浮游甲壳动物的Shannon指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数的年平均值分别为0.86、0.74和0.49,且3种多样性指数均具有显著的季节差异。营养盐水平、营养状态指数和物种多样性指数均表明,临涣湖水体处于富营养化状态。冗余分析结果表明,水温、总磷浓度和叶绿素a浓度是影响临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化的上行效应因子。鲢、鳙鱼的捕食压力是临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构小型化的下行效应因子。  相似文献   

17.
Phytoplankton, submerged macrophytes, zoobenthos and zooplankton communities were studied concurrently in three lochs which progressively increased in trophic state. The phytoplankton showed a change in dominance from Bacillariophyceae (Pennales) and Desmidaceae in the mesotrophic Loch of the Lowes to Bacillariophyceae (Pennales) and Cyanobacteria in eutrophic Balgavies Loch and to Bacillariophyceae (Centrales) and Chlorophyceae in hypertrophic Forfar Loch. The Nygaard Compound phytoplankton quotient rose from 1.2 in the Lowes to 12 in Forfar. There was a decrease in number of species of submerged macrophytes, and in depth of colonisation from 5 m in the Lowes to 2 m in Forfar which was proportional to the decrease in mean transparency. Macrophyte biomass, however, increased in proportion to the concentration of total phosphorus in the lochs. There was a decrease in species of littoral zoobenthos, but an increase in density of profundal benthos from the Lowes to Forfar. Zooplankton also showed an increase in density with enrichment, accompanied by changes in dominance. Calanoida were dominant in the Lowes; Cladocera in Balgavies and Cyclopoda in Forfar. The importance of these differences in understanding the effects of progressive enrichment and to the management of the lochs is discussed.  相似文献   

18.
We tested the hypotheses that the ciliate assemblages in moderately eutrophic lake are controlled by the effective crustacean predation, and the high abundances of planktonic ciliates in highly eutrophic and turbid lake are due to insufficient regulation by crustacean zooplankton. A food tracer method coupled with natural assemblage of microciliates labeled with fluorescent microparticles was used to measure the cladoceran and copepod predation rates on planktonic ciliates and to estimate the carbon flow between the ciliate–crustacean trophic links. The results revealed that the microciliates (15–40 μm) were consumed by all dominant cladoceran and copepod species in both the lakes studied, mainly by Chydorus sphaericus and cyclopoid copepods in Lake Võrtsjärv, and by Daphnia spp. and Bosmina spp. in Lake Peipsi. The grazing loss in moderately eutrophic Peipsi indicated strong top-down control of ciliates mainly by cladocerans. The extraordinary abundant population of planktonic ciliates having a predominant role in the food web in highly eutrophic and turbid Võrtsjärv is explained by the measured low crustacean predation rates on ciliates. The estimated carbon flow from the ciliates to crustaceans suggest that in eutrophic lakes majority of the organic matter channeled via metazooplankton to higher trophic levels may originate from the microbial loop.  相似文献   

19.
Intensity of organic matter degradation, assessed by the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) activity, was studied in microplankton, zooplankton, chironomid larvae as the dominant group of the macrobenthos, and sediment in mountain lakes of different trophic levels in summer months. The highest ETS activities per unit of surface were observed in sediments. Significantly lower activities were observed in microplankton, and lower still in zooplankton, and chironomids. The total ETS activity m–2 was higher in eutrophic lakes (Jezero na Planini pri Jezeru and Krnsko jezero) than in oligotrophic ones (Zgornje Kriko jezero, Spodnje Kriko jezero, Jezero v Ledvicah). The contributions of communities investigated to total ETS activity m–2 differed between lakes of different trophic level. Estimation of respiratory carbon loss through different components revealed that the most of the organic matter was oxidized in sediments of mountain lakes. The respiratory carbon losses were higher through zooplankton than through microplankton in all lakes. Carbon losses through plankton components and sediments were significantly lower in oligotrophic than in eutrophic lakes. The contribution of respiratory carbon loss through chironomids to total carbon loss m–2 was higher in oligotrophic than in eutrophic lakes. Therefore, it seems that contributions of microplankton and zooplankton to mineralization processes increase, and contributions of chironomids and sediment surface decrease with increasing trophic level of the lakes.  相似文献   

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