"蚍蜉"非"匹夫"

你们好,我是《化石》这本书的小读,叫张野青,家住牛庄高中家属楼,在牛庄镇南关小学六年级一班读书,我觉得这本书很好。但我在2004年第一期上发现了错误,在《曾霸世界的巨鬣狗》这篇章中有一句话：‘与大象相争如匹夫撼树’中的‘匹夫’两字写错了,应该是‘蚍蜉’两字,这两字是当大蚂蚁讲的,意思是比喻力量很小而想动摇强大的事物,自不量力。这些也是我从字典中得到的,我想是原错了,应该改正。     

"蛛丝马迹"之"马"

“蛛丝马迹”是人人皆知的成语 ,一般辞典的解释 ,“马迹”就是马经过后留下的痕迹或马脚印。蛛丝马迹比喻事情留下来的隐约可寻的痕迹和线索。可是 ,仔细推敲后发现 ,这样的解释是很难成立的。从事理来说 ,蛛丝是很不明显的 ,那么与之并列的马迹也应该是很不明显的 ,可是 ,作为家畜的马是个庞然大物 ,除了在水泥 ,柏油路上 ,它留下的脚印与痕迹应该是很明显的。蜘蛛的丝与高头大马的迹 ,可以说是风马牛不相及的 ,是很难放在一起相提并论的。从结构来说 ,很明显 ,这一成语中 ,“蛛丝”与“马迹”是并列的结构 ,“蛛丝”就是蛛的丝 ,是偏正关…     

浅析"综合征"与"症"

生物学试验教材,常提到几种遗传病,如指甲髌骨综合征、苯丙酮尿症、21-三体综合征、特纳氏综合征(即性腺发育不良)等。对于“综合征”与“症”．许多学生很难弄懂,为帮助学生理解,现解析如下：     

"脚气"是"脚气病"吗?

问 :“脚气”是“脚气病”吗 ?答 :足癣俗称“脚气”。“脚气”是因霉菌感染足部而引起的一种传染性皮肤病 ,多见于成年人 ,病程缓慢 ,有不同程度的搔痒。“脚气”的发生部位多在足趾缝或足底 ,这是由于趾间缝隙小 ,汗液蒸发较差 ,适于霉菌的繁殖。主要有水疱型、鳞屑型、趾间糜烂型和增厚型 4种类型。“脚气病”是人体缺乏维生素 B1而起的一种疾病。主要症状是四肢无力 ,肌肉疼痛萎缩 ,皮肤逐渐失去感觉 ,麻痹和麻木 ,从脚部开始向心脏发展 ,心脏扩大 ,呼吸困难严重者甚至死亡。所以 ,“脚气”与“脚气病”是两种不同的疾病。“脚气”是“…     

对"扩散"和"渗透"的讨论

自由扩散和协助扩散都是可自由运动的微粒通过热运动而发生的2种过膜扩散．生物体内的渗透是自由水通过生物膜的协助扩散。     

"概率"与"比例"问题的辨析

首先看下面2个问题： [问题1]基因型为AaBbCc的雄性个体（Aa、Bb和Cc3对等位基因均独立遗传）所产生的精子中，基因型为ABC的精子所占的比例为____。     

试论"描述"与"概述"的区别

在本市举办的一次初中生物学教师新教材培训会上,一位教师提出了这样一个问题：“《全日制义务教育生物课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《课程标准》)中的两个知识性目标动词——‘描述’与‘概述’的区别是什么?”《课程标准》中的知识性目标动词共计37个,“描述”与“概述”只是其中的两个。但在《课程标     

"差异显著"还是"有统计学意义"

统计分析中常用P>0．05(或0．01,下同),P<0．05作为统计结论的依据。过去我们认为如果P<0．05,则表示两组“差异显著”,“差异具有显著性”,或“差别有显著意义”。如果P>0．05,则认为“差异不显著”,“差异无显著性”．或“差别无显著意义”。但是,现在关于统计结论的表述国内外都有所变化:1)在P<0．05时,统计结论应是“有统计学意义”,或“拒绝无效假设H0(μ1=μ2),接受备选假设H1(μ1≠μ2)”;2)在P>0．05时,则应是“无统计学意义”,或“不拒绝无效假设H0”,注意此时不提及备选假设H1(因为不拒绝H0不等于接受H0,对H0可以说:拒绝或不拒绝;而对H1只能说:接受H1),除此之外的其他说法均不妥当。这就是说,P>0．05难以给出确切的统计结论。     

细胞外的"组"和"组学"

总的说来,细胞是蛋白质组研究的热点。除了血浆,细胞外的蛋白质几乎是被遗忘了。然而,细胞外的蛋白质形成了细胞外基质,它们是细胞功能所必需的。在某些情况中,细胞外基质能对细胞产生许多效应。除了基质蛋白质组,细胞外还有很多“组”。糖组是细胞外的另一个组。在许多生理和病理过程中,细胞外基质中的蛋白质和糖被降解。被降解的产物是化合物,它们是降解物组的对象。现在一个大的组——人类蛋白质组——正在启动。在这个大的组中,细胞外基质应该被捡起,并从冷点转化为热点。     

鹦鹉蓝蓝:因"爱"生"害"

“蓝蓝”是一只来自南美洲的雄性紫蓝金刚鹦鹉。别看它头不大,却很会动脑子,经常耍些小聪明。比如,有时候它刚刚从地上捡了游客投喂的食物,看见饲养员或志愿者来了,就会马上把食物藏到舌头下面,装出若无其事的样子,对着人点头哈腰地打招呼。等人不看它时,它再飞到笼子里你够不着的地方吃起来,因为它知道捡拾游客投喂的食物会挨批评。为了它的健康和安全,我们经常要从蓝蓝的嘴里把它不该吃或不能多吃的东西抠出来。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.