申克孢子丝菌毒力因子及宿主抗感染免疫的研究进展

申克孢子丝菌是一种重要的双相型真菌,其引起的孢子丝菌病是一种常见的侵袭性皮肤感染.研究该菌毒力因子及宿主对其抗感染免疫对于深入了解其致病性及防治该病具有重要意义.该文介绍了申克孢子丝菌毒力因子及宿主对其抗感染免疫方面的研究进展.     

羊肚菌多糖提取分离及生物活性研究进展*

羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)是一种珍稀食药用真菌,从羊肚菌中提取的多糖在抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂及免疫调节等方面具有良好的生物活性,在食品、药品和保健品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。羊肚菌多糖的有效提取是对其进行结构解析和生物活性研究的基础,不同的提取方式对羊肚菌多糖的结构和生物活性具有一定影响。羊肚菌多糖的结构特性如分子量、单糖组成、一级结构等,对其生物活性具有很大影响,因此研究羊肚菌多糖的结构对揭示其生物活性及作用机制具有重要意义。针对羊肚菌多糖进行综述,总结羊肚菌多糖提取分离、结构解析及生物活性的研究进展,分析羊肚菌多糖生物活性的作用机制,并对今后研究方向提出展望,以期为羊肚菌多糖的研究与开发提供理论基础。     

组蛋白乙酰化与卵母细胞及胚胎的体外发育

组蛋白乙酰化及去乙酰化是表观遗传修饰一个重要部分,其对哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和胚胎发育具有重要的调节作用。因此深入研究组蛋白乙酰化的发生机制,对于改善卵母细胞和早期胚胎的发育具有重要意义。对哺乳动物卵母细胞及胚胎发育过程中的组蛋白乙酰化动态修饰进行综述。     

干细胞及微小RNAs治疗肺纤维化的研究进展

肺纤维化是一种严重危害人类健康的呼吸系统常见并发症,是各种不同病因的肺间质疾病的最后共同结果。其严重影响人体呼吸功能,且随着病情和肺部损伤的加重,患者呼吸功能不断恶化,其发病率和死亡率逐年增加。干细胞作为一种具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞,近年研究发现其与微小RNAs在治疗肺部疾病中均具有重要作用,了解干细胞及微小RNAs与肺纤维化治疗之间的关系具有重要意义。本文将主要介绍几种干细胞及微小RNAs治疗肺纤维化的相关作用机制,此综述结果将为预防和治疗肺纤维化提供新的研究方向。     

苔藓植物在园林城市建设中的应用现状分析

苔藓植物是自然界重要组成部分,在城市绿化中具有重要功能:具有一定的观赏价值、有独特的造景功能、环境指示作用、吸水、保水功能等,但其在园林城市的建设中长期处于被忽略、甚至被排挤的边缘地位,应进一步加强对其的研究及开发利用。     

土壤线虫对气候变化的响应研究进展

全球变化对陆地生态系统功能具有重要而深远的影响。陆地生态系统地下部分具有重要的生态功能,其组成及结构对气候变化的响应将进一步减缓或加剧全球化进程。土壤线虫在各类生态系统中分布十分广泛,是地下食物网的重要组分,在维持土壤生物多样性及营养物质循环过程中发挥重要作用,其组成及结构对不同气候变化驱动因子的响应机制与模式不尽相同。增温及降水格局变化主要是通过改变线虫生境而直接影响其种群密度与结构,两者通常表现为正效应且作用效果随处理时间的延长而增强。CO2与大气氮沉降主要是通过影响地上植被,凋落物质量,土壤理化性质等间接过程影响土壤线虫。同时,不同的全球变化因子之间存在着复杂的交互作用,深入理解这些因子之间交互作用对线虫群落的影响模式与机制对于探讨未来气候变化情景下生态统生物多样性及养分循环过程具有重要的理论指导意义。     

白刺花的育苗造林技术及开发利用前景

白刺花 (Ｓｏｐｈｏｒａｄａｖｉｄｉｉ)是生态适应性很广的植物 ,具有很强的耐受性 ,是岩溶山区理想的水土保持 ,改良土壤 ,营造生物围栏及绿化造林的先锋树种。白刺花全身是宝 ,其叶、花、种子中富含多种氨基酸、维生素及矿质元素 ,具有多种较高的开发价值 ,是一个生态效益和     

利用基因工程改良植物类胡萝卜素的合成

类胡萝卜素(carotenoids)是植物体内存在的一类重要天然色素物质的总称,其生物功能广泛.类胡萝卜素是人类饮食结构中重要的组成部分,并且在医药、化妆品及食品与饲料工业等方面扮演着重要的角色.类胡萝卜素还是一些维生素合成的前体,具有多种保健功能,可以提高人体免疫力,并具有抗癌的功效.目前有大量关于提高植物体内类胡萝卜素含量及定向改变其种类的研究,对类胡萝卜素代谢途径及其调控的理解是这些研究的基础.主要阐述植物天然类胡萝卜素的生物合成及利用基因工程对类胡萝卜素改良的研究进展.     

长江流域中华鲟保育进展、存在问题及对策分析

中华鲟具有重要的保育及学术研究价值。长江流域环境恶化及一些建设阻断了其洄游路线,破坏了其繁殖生境。同时因其具有较高的营养和药用价值而被大肆捕捞,导致其资源遭到严重破坏。系统阐述了当前中华鲟保育的紧迫性和必要性,回顾了中华鲟保育的历史过程,分析了当前中华鲟保护面临的一些问题和危机,并提出了相应的保育策略。对保护和拯救这一濒危的“活化石”,恢复其资源及维护长江和近海生态平衡具有重要意义。     

单纯疱疹病毒2型疫苗的研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒2型(herpes simplex virus type 2,HSV-2)是人类疱疹病毒家族中α家族成员,可引起多年龄段的人群生殖器疱疹及其他疱疹疾病。由于该病毒具有复杂的基因结构及感染病理,其感染至今尚无有效的治疗方法。该病毒可抑制机体免疫系统,在神经细胞潜伏感染,具有重激活特性,因此,其疫苗的研制亦需要复杂的技术,且面临重重的挑战。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.