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1.
不同诱导因子对落叶松毛虫嗅觉和产卵选择的影响   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
试验测定了落叶松毛虫幼虫和成虫对茉莉酮、茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯3种挥发性信号化合物以及对剪叶损伤、昆虫取食、茉莉酸和水杨酸等诱导因子处理的兴安落叶松的行为反应.结果表明:在0.1%~10% V/V浓度下,茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯对幼虫有驱避作用;机械损伤、茉莉酮、茉莉酸、茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸甲酯均能诱导落叶松产生防御,明显减少了幼虫的取食选择.落叶松毛虫成虫对茉莉酮和水杨酸甲酯有明显的触角电位反应,且雌虫反应敏感性随浓度增加而增强.在诱导因子处理后的落叶松上,成虫产卵量明显减少.  相似文献   

2.
茉莉酸类在植物生长发育和对伤害反应中的作用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
江玲  周燮 《生命科学》1998,10(1):18-21
评述了茉莉酸及其甲酯对植物的衰老、卷须和某些贮藏器官的形成、芽鞘伸长和生物碱合成等过程的调节作用,以及在伤害反应中诱导植物防御基因表达的信号作用,茉莉酸及其甲酯作为新一类植物激素已成为当前的一个研究热点。  相似文献   

3.
外源茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯诱导植物抗虫作用及其机理   总被引:29,自引:4,他引:25       下载免费PDF全文
综述了茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmo nate, MJA)的分子结构和应用其诱导的植物抗虫作用及其机制。植物受外源茉莉酸或茉莉酸甲酯刺激后,一条反应途径是由硬脂酸途径激活防御基因,另一条途径是直接激活防御基因。防御基因激活后导致代谢途径重新配置,并可能诱导植物产生下列4种效应:(1)直接防御,即植物产生对害虫有毒的物质、抗营养和抗消化的酶类,或具驱避性和妨碍行为作用的化合物;(2)间接防御,即产生吸引天敌的挥发物;(3)不防御,即无防御反应;(4)负防御,即产生吸引害虫的挥发物。  相似文献   

4.
茉莉酸甲酯:一种重要的植物信号转导分子   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
作为一种信号转导分子,茉莉酸甲酯在植物生长发育、代谢调节、抗病、耐逆、防御相关基因的诱导表达等方面均起着重要的作用。由于茉莉酸甲酯所具有的上述多效性,其作用与机制受到人们的广泛关注。本文简要介绍了植物中茉莉酸甲酯信号转导作用的相关研究进展。  相似文献   

5.
昆虫取食诱导的植物防御反应   总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18  
秦秋菊  高希武 《昆虫学报》2005,48(1):125-134
植物被昆虫取食后可产生直接防御或间接防御。直接防御通过增加有毒的次生代谢产物或防御蛋白对昆虫生理代谢产生不利的影响,但对植物的消耗较大。间接防御通过释放挥发性化合物吸引天敌昆虫,并以此控制植食性昆虫。特异性的昆虫激发子(insect specific elicitors)能够诱导挥发性化合物的释放。多种信号途径参与昆虫取食诱导的植物防御反应,它们之间的相互作用协同或拮抗。了解昆虫取食诱导的植物防御反应,对于害虫综合治理策略的完善具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

6.
 茉莉酸是环境胁迫下植物产生防御反应的重要信号物质, 但它发挥生理作用的时间和浓度效应以及该效应在叶片和根系中差异性并不清楚。该文以‘高油115’玉米(Zea mays)为材料, 采用4种浓度(1、2.5、5和10 mmol·L–1)的外源茉莉酸溶液涂施玉米幼苗叶片, 在3~48 h的不同时间内跟踪测定叶片和根系中的直接防御物质(丁布和总酚)含量及其合成调控基因(Bx1、Bx9和PAL)、直接防御蛋白调控基因(PR-1、PR-2a和MPI)和间接防御物质挥发物调控基因(FPS和TPS)表达的动态变化。结果表明, 外源茉莉酸处理对玉米叶和根系的化学防御反应具有显著的时间和浓度效应。茉莉酸处理玉米叶片后3~6 h就能诱导叶片中Bx9和PAL基因的表达, 使得丁布和总酚的含量显著增加, 且与处理浓度有呈正比的趋势, 随后诱导作用逐渐减弱; 茉莉酸处理还能明显诱导叶片中PR-2a和MPI基因的表达, 诱导作用分别持续到24和48 h; 在处理后3~6 h内, 高浓度茉莉酸处理对挥发物调控基因FPS表达起诱导作用, 而低浓度茉莉酸则对TPS基因的表达起诱导作用。此外, 茉莉酸处理玉米叶片还能间接影响到根系的防御反应, 但大部分检测指标表明间接诱导作用主要出现在处理后期(24~48 h)。例如, 在处理后48 h, 茉莉酸能系统增加根系中直接防御物质丁布和总酚的含量, 增强根系中防御相关基因PR-2a、MPI、FPS和TPS的表达, 并有随茉莉酸处理浓度的增加而增强的趋势。可见, 外源茉莉酸叶片涂施玉米幼苗对根系的间接诱导作用不如对叶片的直接诱导作用强; 叶片启动防御反应的时间较根系早; 随着处理浓度的增加, 茉莉酸对叶片和根系中防御反应的诱导作用有增强的趋势。  相似文献   

7.
茉莉酸生物合成的调控及其信号通路   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
茉莉酸类化合物作为一种细胞信号分子,在植物的生长发育、机械损伤、代谢调节及诱导防御相关基因表达等方面起着重要的作用。本文概述了茉莉酸的生物合成调控以及人们目前对茉莉酸信号通路的认识,并对该研究领域存在的问题及今后可能的研究方向进行展望。  相似文献   

8.
植物的环境信号分子茉莉酸及其生物学功能   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李梦莎  阎秀峰 《生态学报》2014,34(23):6779-6788
茉莉酸信号分子参与植物生长发育众多生理过程的调控,尤其是作为环境信号分子能有效地介导植物对生物及非生物胁迫的防御反应。迄今已知具有信号分子生理功能的至少包括茉莉酸(jasmonic acid,JA)以及茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,Me JA)和茉莉酸-异亮氨酸复合物(jasmonoyl-isoleucine,JA-Ile)等茉莉酸衍生物,统称为茉莉酸类化合物(jasmonates,JAs)。从环境信号分子角度介绍了茉莉酸信号的启动(环境信号感知与转导、茉莉酸类化合物合成)、传递(局部传递、维管束传输、空气传播)和生物学功能(茉莉酸信号受体、调控的转录因子、参与的生物学过程)。  相似文献   

9.
茉莉酸作用的分子生物学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
吴劲松  种康 《植物学报》2002,19(2):164-170
茉莉酸及其衍生物茉莉酸甲酯等统称为茉莉酸盐,是广泛存在于植物中的一种生长调节物质,在植物细胞中起着非常重要的作用。介绍了茉莉酸生物合成过程中关键酶基因的克隆、表达及调控,并对茉莉酸的一些突变体进行了分析,结果 显示茉莉酸在发育及防御尤其是在雄性不育及抗病虫害方面起着非常重要的作用,同时综述了茉莉酸信号转导的最新成果。  相似文献   

10.
 植物和昆虫在长期的相互作用过程中形成了复杂的防御体系。近年来, 人们发现植物在受到外界伤害后, 它们邻近的健康植物能够感受到威胁来临, 并积极表达抗性基因和产生防御物质。这种现象被称为“植物-植物相互交流”。一系列的相关研究表明: 绿叶挥发物和萜烯类物质是受伤害植物对邻近健康植物发送的主要信号, 邻近的健康植物在接收到这些挥发性有机化合物信号后, 直接防御和间接防御能力都能够迅速提升。人们猜测植物挥发性有机化合物“启动”了邻近健康植物的多种防御反应, 使它们在面临真正威胁时迅速做出防御反应。然而, 植物-植物交流的分子机制至今尚不清楚。我们运用拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)全基因组芯片技术和突变体材料, 对植物-植物交流的分子机理进行了探讨。结果发现: 有效的挥发性有机化合物并不限于绿叶挥发物和萜烯类物质, 且挥发性有机化合物的种类和节律能够相互配合, 从而达到最佳效果; 邻近健康植物的乙烯信号途径在植物-植物交流过程中是不可或缺的, 茉莉酸信号起到了辅助和信号放大的作用。  相似文献   

11.
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are commonly emitted from plants after herbivore attack1,2. These HIPVs are mainly regulated by the defensive plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its volatile derivative methyl jasmonate (MeJA)3,4,5. Over the past 3 decades researchers have documented that HIPVs can repel or attract herbivores, attract the natural enemies of herbivores, and in some cases they can induce or prime plant defenses prior to herbivore attack. In a recent paper6, I reported that feeding by gypsy moth caterpillars, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage induce the emissions of volatiles from blueberry plants, albeit differently. In addition, blueberry branches respond to HIPVs emitted from neighboring branches of the same plant by increasing the levels of JA and resistance to herbivores (i.e., direct plant defenses), and by priming volatile emissions (i.e., indirect plant defenses). Similar findings have been reported recently for sagebrush7, poplar8, and lima beans9..Here, I describe a push-pull method for collecting blueberry volatiles induced by herbivore (gypsy moth) feeding, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage. The volatile collection unit consists of a 4 L volatile collection chamber, a 2-piece guillotine, an air delivery system that purifies incoming air, and a vacuum system connected to a trap filled with Super-Q adsorbent to collect volatiles5,6,10. Volatiles collected in Super-Q traps are eluted with dichloromethane and then separated and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC). This volatile collection method was used n my study6 to investigate the volatile response of undamaged branches to exposure to volatiles from herbivore-damaged branches within blueberry plants. These methods are described here. Briefly, undamaged blueberry branches are exposed to HIPVs from neighboring branches within the same plant. Using the same techniques described above, volatiles emitted from branches after exposure to HIPVs are collected and analyzed.  相似文献   

12.
13.
吕要斌  刘树生 《昆虫学报》2004,47(2):206-212
茉莉酸是植物体内重要的伤信号分子,向植物施用外源茉莉酸后, 可诱导植物产生各种防卫反应, 如挥发物组成发生改变等, 进而影响植食性昆虫及其天敌。该文报道用不同浓度外源茉莉酸处理白菜和甘蓝后,诱导植物反应所产生的挥发物对菜蛾绒茧蜂搜索及寄生选择行为的影响。外源茉莉酸处理白菜和甘蓝后,处理植株的挥发物对菜蛾绒茧蜂的引诱力增强;与在对照植株上相比,该蜂对经茉莉酸处理后白菜植株上的小菜蛾幼虫的寄生数显著要高。表明茉莉酸处理白菜及甘蓝后,植物诱导反应导致其挥发物的作用发生变化,进而可提高该蜂的搜索和寄生效率。  相似文献   

14.
15.
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was identified as an airborne signal involved in mediating interplant defense response communications over a decade ago. However, how MeJA activates plant defense systems and what becomes of the compound after it has done so has, thus far, remained unknown. To investigate this, Achyranthes bidentata plants were exposed to deuterated methyl jasmonate (d2MeJA) followed by absolute quantification of metabolic products of d2MeJA, and emissions of volatile organic compound (VOC) as defensive markers. We found that d2MeJA was metabolized mainly into deuterated jasmonic acid (d2JA) and jasmonoyl isoleucine (d2JA-Ile), and to a much lesser extent, deuterated jasmonoyl leucine (d2JA-Leu). Increases in d2JA-Ile/Leu and also endogenous JA-Ile/Leu were tightly co-related with, and significantly influenced the pattern and amount of, VOC emissions. The amount of accumulated d2JA-IIe was 13.1-fold higher than d2JA-Leu, whereas the amounts of JA-IIe and JA-Leu accumulated were almost identical. This study demonstrates that exogenous MeJA activates defensive systems (such as VOC emissions) in receiver plants by essentially converting itself into JA and JA-IIe and initiating a signal transduction leading to VOC emissions and induction of endogenous JA-IIe and JA-Leu, which in turn cause further amplification of VOC emissions.  相似文献   

16.
To create a metabolic sink in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, we generated transgenic Nicotiana attenuata lines ectopically expressing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) jasmonic acid O-methyltransferase (35S-jmt) and additionally silenced in other lines the N. attenuata methyl jasmonate esterase (35S-jmt/ir-mje) to reduce the deesterification of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Basal jasmonate levels did not differ between transgenic and wild-type plants; however, after wounding and elicitation with Manduca sexta oral secretions, the bursts of JA, jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and their metabolites that are normally observed in the lamina, midvein, and petiole of elicited wild-type leaves were largely absent in both transformants but replaced by a burst of endogenous MeJA that accounted for almost half of the total elicited jasmonate pools. In these plants, MeJA became a metabolic sink that affected the jasmonate metabolic network and its spread to systemic leaves, with major effects on 12-oxo-phytodieonic acid, JA, and hydroxy-JA in petioles and on JA-Ile in laminas. Alterations in the size of jasmonate pools were most obvious in systemic tissues, especially petioles. Expression of threonine deaminase and trypsin proteinase inhibitor, two JA-inducible defense genes, was strongly decreased in both transgenic lines without influencing the expression of JA biosynthesis genes that were uncoupled from the wounding and elicitation with M. sexta oral secretions-elicited JA-Ile gradient in elicited leaves. Taken together, this study provides support for a central role of the vasculature in the propagation of jasmonates and new insights into the versatile spatiotemporal characteristics of the jasmonate metabolic network.  相似文献   

17.
Insect herbivores from different feeding guilds induce different signaling pathways in plants. In this study, we examined the effects of salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defenses on performance of insect herbivores from two different feeding guilds: cell-content feeders, soybean thrips and phloem feeders, soybean aphids. We used a combination of RT-qPCR analysis and elicitor-induced plant resistance to determine induction of SA and JA signaling pathways and the impact on herbivore performance. In the early interaction between the host plant and the two herbivores, SA and JA signaling seems to occur simultaneously. But overall, soybean thrips induced JA-related marker genes, whereas soybean aphids increased SA and ABA-related marker genes over a 24-h period. Populations of both soybean thrips and soybean aphids were reduced (47 and 25 %, respectively) in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-pretreated soybean plants. SA treatment has no effect on either herbivore performance. A combination pretreatment of SA and MeJA did not impact soybean thrips population but reduced soybean aphid numbers which was comparable with MeJA treatment. Our data suggest that SA–JA antagonism could be responsible for the effect of hormone pretreatment on thrips performance, but not on aphid performance. By linking plant defense gene expression and elicitor-induced resistance, we were able to pinpoint the role for JA signaling pathway in resistance to two herbivores from different feeding guilds.  相似文献   

18.
茉莉酸及其信号传导研究进展   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
朱家红  彭世清 《西北植物学报》2006,26(10):2166-2172
茉莉酸及其衍生物茉莉酸甲酯等统称为茉莉酸盐,是广泛存在于植物中的一种生长调节物质,在植物细胞中起着非常重要的作用.茉莉酸作为信号分子广泛参与调节植物的生长发育和胁迫响应过程.本文主要就茉莉酸的生物合成、茉莉酸的信号传导途径和调控机制、茉莉酸的信号传导途径与乙烯、脱落酸、水杨酸和一氧化氮信号传导途径的相互关系进行了综述.  相似文献   

19.
Jasmonates are signaling molecules involved in induced systemic resistance, wounding and stress responses of plants. We have previously demonstrated that jasmonates can induce nod genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum when measured by beta-galactosidase activity. In order to test whether jasmonates can effectively induce the production and secretion of Nod factors (lipo-chitooligosaccharides, LCOs) from B. japonicum, we induced two B. japonicum strains, 532C and USDA3, with jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and genistein (Ge). As genistein is well characterized as an inducer of nod genes it was used a positive control. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of LCOs isolated following treatment with jasmonates or genistein showed that both JA and MeJA effectively induced nod genes and caused production of LCOs from bacterial cultures. JA and MeJA are more efficacious inducers of LCO production than genistein. Genistein plus JA or MeJA resulted in greater LCO production than either alone. A soybean root hair deformation assay showed that jasmonate induced LCOs were as effective as those induced by genistein. This is the first report that jasmonates induce Nod factor production by B. japonicum. This report establishes the role of jasmonates as a new class of signaling molecules in the Bradyrhizobium-soybean symbiosis.  相似文献   

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