大白菜碳酸酐酶基因的克隆与序列分析

以大白菜雄性不育系和保持系花蕾差异表达片段EST H9为信息探针,在GenBank数据库中进行同源EST序列检索,并对亲缘关系近的同源EST序列进行拼接,得到大白菜EST H9的5'-cDNA序列.根据拼接组装所得的5'-cDNA序列,进行3'-RACE引物的设计,经RACE扩增、测序,获得了大白菜α-碳酸酐酶3基因的cDNA全长序列并将其登录到GenBank(登录号为GU143061),命名为BrACA3.该cDNA全长998 bp,编码270个氨基酸.同源分析显示该cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥α-碳酸酐酶3一致性达78%.氨基酸序列分析表明,该蛋白具备跨膜功能,在第19和20个氨基酸之间存在一个信号肽序列,存在丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸磷酸化位点.在大白菜花蕾败育过程中α-碳酸酐酶3基因不表达,只在保持系B7的大花蕾时期表达.     

成人视网膜假定蛋白基因ARHP的克隆及生物信息学分析

从UniGene库中选取编号为BG2 2 2 62 4来自人鼻咽组织的表达序列标签 (EST )序列 ,联网到NCBI调用Blast服务器分析 ,发现该EST序列是一个代表新基因的未知序列 .利用Blast检索GenBank的nr数据库和EST数据库 ,构建EST重叠群 ,联网到NCBI的ORFfinder服务器 ,分析发现该EST重叠群具有完整的阅读框架 .分别在cDNA序列阅读框架的起始密码子和终止密码子的两侧设计引物 ,以人胎脑cDNA文库为模板 ,进行PCR扩增 ,测序确定该基因的cDNA全长序列 .该基因cDNA序列全长为 1672bp ,阅读框架位于第 3 0 4～ 1557位之间 ,编码由 417个氨基酸组成 ,分子质量为 46 58ku的蛋白质 ,其理论 pI为 4 2 1.将蛋白质序列通过NCBI的Blast服务器进行序列相似性分析 ,发现该基因编码的蛋白质和成年小鼠视网膜未知蛋白 (BAB3 2 2 14 )同源 .经与国际人类基因组命名委员会协商定名为成人视网膜假定蛋白 (adultretinahypotheticalprotein ,ARHP) ,GenBank登录号为AY174896.生物信息学分析表明 ,该蛋白质可能为一参与转录调控的核蛋白 .ARHP基因定位在染色体 5q3 5,跨越 3 5163bp ,含 4个外显子和 3个内含子 .在基因的 5′非翻译区有 2个CpG岛     

家蚕P450基因CYP18A1的克隆、序列分析及转录活性

蜕皮激素对昆虫生长、发育和繁殖有重要调控作用,尤其对蜕皮和变态过程。利用GenBank上登录的蜕皮激素C₂₆羟基化酶候选基因CYP18A1的氨基酸序列对家蚕Bombyx mori全基因组数据库进行BLASTP比对,发现了家蚕直向同源基因(ortholog),其完全编码序列经RT-PCR检测和克隆、测序验证后,再以此为信息探针检索家蚕表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,EST)数据库进行拼接延伸,获得了一条包括5′非翻译区在内的长度为1 737 bp的cDNA序列,验证结果也表明与电子克隆序列完全一致(GenBank登录号为EF421988,P450命名委员会将其命名为CYP18A1)。该基因的开放阅读框为1 623 bp,编码541个氨基酸,含有包括P450s特征结构域在内的所有昆虫P450基因的5个保守结构域,其推定的分子量为61.67 kD,等电点为 8.54。将该基因cDNA序列与家蚕基因组序列进行比对,结果表明该基因具有6个外显子,5个内含子,外显子／内含子边界符合经典的GT-AG规则。同源性分析也发现家蚕CYP18A1与其他昆虫的直向同源基因具有较高相似性。用RT-PCR方法对家蚕主要发育变态时期与组织进行检测,显示出该基因的转录表达不仅具有时空特异性,而且在表达时期上与已报道的蚕体内蜕皮激素含量变化有紧密的一致性。该研究进一步证实了CYP18A1基因与昆虫体内蜕皮激素代谢平衡相关联。     

珊瑚藻R-藻红蛋白rpeA和rpeB基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析(英文)

依据珊瑚藻 (CorallinaofficinalisL .)藻红蛋白rpeA和rpeB的DNA序列 (AF5 1 0 986 )设计引物 ,通过PCR RACE方法扩增得到rpeA和rpeB的cDNA序列 .序列分析表明 ,该序列采用多顺反子转录策略 ,全长 2 2 5 7bp(AF5 42 5 5 4) ,排布顺序为 5′UTR rpeB 间隔区 rpeA 3′UTR .5′非编码区 4 93bp ,rpeB基因 5 34bp ,基因间隔区 1 0 1bp ,rpeA基因 4 95bp ,3′非编码区 6 34bp .在rpeA和rpeB的基因起始密码子上游均存在类似原核核糖体结合的Shine Dalgarno (SD)序列 .在rpeA基因终止密码子下游 1 1 0bp处还存在着一个可能的开放阅读框架 .经检索GenBank发现 ,真核红藻藻红蛋白中尚无有关cDNA序列的报道     

转化的大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系差异表达基因的筛选研究

来源于转化的大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系的两株细胞,A1－5细胞与B4细胞相比表现出非常强的抗辐射性并伴随不同寻常强的G2延迟效应;用PCR选择性抑制消减杂交方法对这两株细胞进行差减,希望找到对A1－5细胞表现出的不同寻常的表型起关键作用的某一个或某一些基因。结果得到了160个差减转化子,逐个进行序列测定,并进行Dot blot杂交,共得到35个差异表达基因片段（EST）。通过对美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）的非冗余序列库（NT）、鼠EST库及人EST库的BLAST进行同源检索,发现其中21个代表了尚未登录的新基因,另外14个分别与已知基因高度同源。     

一个新的家蚕转录相关锌带蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

锌带蛋白(zinc ribbon protein )是锌指类蛋白的一种,它的Cys4 Zn(2+)结合位点由3个β₂片层折叠而成,而不是α螺旋结构。锌带结构与锌指结构同为转录因子结合核酸的结构域,锌带蛋白作为转录相关因子在调节基因表达活性等方面具有重要作用。在对家蚕 Bombyx mori蛹cDNA文库测序中,发现一个新的编码家蚕锌带蛋白基因的EST序列（GenBank 登录号DY230964）,以此序列为信息探针检索家蚕EST数据库,通过同源筛选,获得一个新的家蚕锌带蛋白基因cDNA全序列并经RT-PCR检测和克隆、测序验证,结果表明与电子克隆序列完全一致。我们将其命名为 BmZNRD1 (Zinc Ribbon Domain Containing 1)（GenBank登录号DQ432055）。该基因全长为675 bp,由363 bp的开放阅读框序列(ORF)、10 bp的5′端非翻译区序列(5′UTR)和302 bp 的3′端非编码区序列(3′ UTR)组成,其编码的120个氨基酸序列与其他真核生物间具有较高的同源性（达60%左右）,预测分子量为13.54 kD, 等电点为6.8。BmZNRD1编码的氨基酸序列是一种锌带蛋白,推测有2个功能结构域,分别是位于N-端的Cx₂Cx₁₄Cx₂C和C-端的Cx₂Cx₂₄Cx₂C,其中C-端保守氨基酸序列Cx₂Cx₆Yx₃QxRSADEx₂TxFx₂Cx₂C在生物进化中保守性很高,从酵母、果蝇、线虫到两栖类、哺乳类都有发现该结构域的存在,与酵母RNA聚合酶A亚单位9和转录相关蛋白有很高的相似性,推测其具有相同的功能。将BmZNRD1基因cDNA序列与家蚕基因组序列进行比对,结果表明该基因具有3个外显子,2个内含子,外显子/内含子边界符合经典的GT-AG规则。 关键词： 家蚕; 锌带蛋白基因; 电子克隆; 基因克隆; 序列分析     

小鼠睾丸特异表达基因TSEG-1的克隆及序列分析

从表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags, ESTs)数据库ZooDDD中获得小鼠正常睾丸表达的EST, 通过dbEST数据库检索出与其高度同源的EST序列, 构建EST叠加群(contigs), Biolign软件拼接, GeneScan软件预测contigs对应的基因组序列中的外显子、内含子; 针对开放阅读框设计引物序列, 采用RT-PCR从小鼠睾丸组织中克隆新基因的cDNA, 分析该基因在小鼠各脏器中的mRNA表达, 并对测序结果进行生物信息学分析。结果表明: 在小鼠X染色体的1 668~2 011 kb间克隆出一新基因TSEG-1, 全长为510 bp, 开放阅读框为336 bp, 编码111氨基酸, 分子量12.84258 kDa, 等电点11.4000。RT-PCR证实该基因开放阅读框正确, 在小鼠睾丸组织中特异性表达, 且与小鼠其他cDNA 无同源性, 获得GenBank 登录号EU079024。功能区分析发现TSEG-1蛋白可能为一种跨膜蛋白, 跨膜区位于第41~61氨基酸残基。TSEG-1基因与人类睾丸特异性组蛋白2a变异体基因有较高同源性, 在TSEG-1基因5′-端非编码侧翼预测发现存在1个启动子区域, 范围为680 bp。 TSEG-1蛋白可能有4个抗原性位点, 2个特异性蛋白激酶的磷酸化位点, 其亚细胞定位可能位于线粒体。小鼠睾丸特异性基因TSEG-1的克隆为进一步研究其生物学功能和表达调控奠定了基础。     

胃癌相关cDNA片段的快速克隆和表达分析

利用差异显示PCR技术获得的一条在胃癌和正常组织有差异表达的表达序列标签(EST)-W123(GenBank登录号为AF150631),通过与GenBank的dbest库进行电子杂交,选取了与其同源度高的若干EST,在它们共有的保守序列设计了用于扩增的寡聚核苷酸引物,利用cDNA末端快速扩增PCR（RACE）技术得到了7条带有polyA尾的3′EST,进行序列分析后,发现它们均是代表新基因或不同剪接体的EST,且具有共同的保守序列,已登录GenBank.采用RNA印迹对目的序列进行初步鉴定,并进行了这些基因的组织分布分析.RACE技术和生物信息学相结合,具有快速、高效的特点,有助于疾病相关基因的克隆.     

人类生精相关基因TSARG4的cDNA克隆

为了探索精子生成的分子机制 ,从人精子外部致密纤维蛋白相关基因SPAG4(spermantigen 4)和小鼠精母细胞中表达的AK0 0 62 2 5基因出发 ,找到两个人类EST ,BG72 0 5 64和AI70 0 45 4,其中BG72 0 5 64在人睾丸中表达。运用“间隙填充法”填平这两个EST之间的间隙 ,从人睾丸文库中快速克隆了同源于SPAG4和AK0 0 62 2 5基因的人类TSARG4基因 (testisandspermatogenesisrelatedgene 4) (GenBank登录号为AF40 13 5 0 ) ,并用RT PCR对该基因阅读框进行验证。TSARG4基因全长 12 5 2bp ,开放阅读框为 94～ 12 3 3bp ,定位于 2 0q11.2 ,推定编码 3 79个氨基酸 ,预计分子量为 43 0 81.45 ,等电点为 8.61,该基因与小鼠精母细胞基因AK0 0 62 2 5编码的氨基酸序列同源性 74% ,与人类SPAG4基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性 45 %。RT PCR表明人类TSARG4基因在多个组织中均有表达 ,而同源的小鼠AK0 0 62 2 5基因仅在睾丸中表达     

棉花nodulin—like基因及其启动子的结构特征和遗传表达

用同尾酶反向PCR技术(Ⅱ-PCR)和快速分离目的基因cDNA　5'未知序列方法(RICUP)首次从陆地棉品种Y18　(Gossypium　arboreum　L.　Y18)中分离到nodulin-like基因的全长cDNA、DNA和启动子序列。结果表明,该基因全长为2　353　bp,具有5个内含子和6个外显子。cDNA全长1　480　bp,含有一个1　125　bp的ORF结构,编码375个氨基酸,在GenBank　nr数据库中没有与之同源的基因序列,在EST数据库中仅有一条733　bp的亚洲棉纤维EST序列(GenBank登录号:BF271235)与之有92%的同源性。Nodulin-like基因的启动子全长1　969　bp,启动子区域具有Initiator、TATA　box、CAAT-like　box和富含AT序列等启动子特征序列。Southern　blot结果表明:该基因在棉花基因组中有一个拷贝。Northern　blot结果表明:该基因在棉花的蕾、花、纤维和铃壳等生殖器官中呈优势表达。本研究有望为改良棉花生殖器官的农艺性状提供靶基因,并为解决目前转基因抗虫棉“前期抗虫性强、后期抗虫性弱”这一生产实际问题提供有效的表达调控元件。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation