无血清培养中小鼠神经母细胞瘤细胞老化的研究

本文报道应用倒置相差显微术和显微荧光光度术观察无血清培养条件对ＮＢＡ２细胞突起数目和细胞内脂褐素荧光值的影响,以建立神经细胞老化实验研究模型。结果发现：存在着随无血清培养天数的增加,细胞内脂褐素荧光值累积性增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）和培养５天后细胞突起数目渐次性减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）的趋势。结果表明：这一趋势与哺乳类动物和人类老化研究中的神经细胞内脂褐素含量随增龄而增加及神经细胞突起在衰老过程逐渐少消失的     

人胚肺二倍体细胞株KMB17凋亡模型的建立

细胞凋亡作为生命的基本现象之一受到科学界的广泛重视（Ｌｉｎｄａ等,１９９８）,对其机理和应用的研究已渗透到生命科学的各个领域,成为当今生命科学领域的研究热点。特别是以动物细胞为培养基质的医药生物技术领域尤显重要。因为动物细胞培养技术是现代生物技术研究...     

MiR-615在平行培养的神经干细胞与运动神经元的表达比较

目的探讨MiR-615在脊髓源性神经干细胞与运动神经元间的表达特征。方法通过免疫磁珠法分离纯化胚胎大鼠脊髓运动神经元;通过神经克隆球形成技术分离纯化胚胎大鼠脊髓源性神经干细胞。采用TaqMan miR-615Assay定量检测培养的脊髓源性神经干细胞与运动神经元中miR-615的表达差异。结果通过平行培养技术分别获得了纯化的脊髓源性神经干细胞与运动神经元。定量检测结果显示,miR-615在分离的运动神经元中较在脊髓源性神经干细胞中显著高表达。结论本文提示miR-615可能在神经干细胞定向分化为运动神经元过程中发挥重要的调节作用。     

GDNF对体外运动神经元和感觉神经元的影响

目的:探讨胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)对正常胎鼠脊髓运动神经元(SMN)和背根神经节神经元(DRG)生长活性的作用.方法:建立大鼠胚胎SMN和DRG单细胞培养体系,观察1 μg/L、10 μg/L、50 μg/L和100 μg/L GDNF对SMN和DRG存活及突起生长的影响.结果: GDNF组培养的SMN和DRG存活数目明显增加,神经元突起长度比对照组明显增长,且具有剂量依赖趋势.结论: GDNF对正常大鼠胚胎发育期运动神经元和感觉神经元具有神经营养作用.     

胶质源性神经营养因子对不同组织细胞的影响

GDNF来自于小胶质神经元,首先作为中脑多巴胺能神经元的复活因子被发现,可促进细胞存活,并有增加多巴胺神经元细胞大小及轴突长度的作用。GDNF通过与锚定蛋白细胞表面受体糖基磷脂酰肌醇的相互作用来调节细胞活性。GDNF家族a-1受体,通过跨膜酪氨酸受体或者神经元细胞黏附分子,来促进细胞存活,神经突生长,以及突触发育。后续的研究提示,无论未成年还是成体大脑,GDNF对多种神经细胞都有复活的作用,并与一些周围神经复活、迁移、分化相关。不同的脑缺血实验模型均证实了外源性GDNF对于病灶部位及全脑的神经保护作用,包括局部应用营养因子,利用病毒载体运载GDNF基因以及移植表达GDNF的细胞。近来研究还证实,GDNF不仅对多巴胺能神经元,中枢和周围神经系统的运动、感觉神经元,以及自主神经元有营养和保护作用,对于非神经系统也有不同调节作用。本文将重点讨论这些GDNF作用的不同策略以及机制。     

人源性神经营养素-6对大鼠面运动神经元逆行溃变的保护作用

目的:探讨人源性神经营养素-6对受损伤神经元的保护作用,为全面了解人源性NT-6的神经生物学特性以及为临床上退行性神经病变的治疗提供实验依据.方法:将健康成年SD大鼠随机分为两组,即不做任何处理的正常对照组和切断一侧面神经后引起面运动神经元逆行溃变的实验组;实验组又根据面肌内注射物的不同分为空白对照组、人源性NT-6实验组和生理盐水对照组.动物饲养两周后,取脑干切片,行尼氏染色和胆碱乙酰基转移酶免疫组化染色,观察人源性NT-6对逆行溃变的面运动神经元的保护作用.结果:与空白对照组和生理盐水对照组相比,NT-6实验组面神经核尼氏染色的强度值和面神经核内ChAT阳性神经元数目显著增加.结论:人源性NT-6对由于轴突损伤引起逆行溃变的神经元具有保护作用.     

转基因诱导永生化鸡细胞系的建立

传统上从鸡胚中分离病毒用于疫苗的生产常常不能满足需求,研究从体外培养的细胞中分离病毒的途径成为当前疫苗生产领域的迫切需要。本研究利用体细胞诱导重编程技术建立永生化细胞系,为应用于疫苗制备等研究和生产奠定基础。通过慢病毒载体转染转录调控因子(NANOG, LIN28和C-MYC)重编程鸡成纤维细胞,并稳定培养至100代,获得永生化的细胞,而后逐步去除细胞因子、血清等添加物,优化细胞系培养体系,并对细胞驯化实现悬浮生长,以获得单位体积最大密度的细胞。研究结果表明:通过转基因将NANOG,LIN28和C-MYC 3个因子整合入细胞中表达,细胞系对碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性反应,端粒逆转录酶(cTERT)基因在细胞系中显著上调,并稳定培养至100代,使得这些细胞具有自我更新特性和永生化的潜能。确定了培养基中的血清替代物KSR浓度为20%,并撤除了培养基中bFGF等生长因子,为细胞大规模培养应用提供了可能。永生细胞实现悬浮生长,细胞生长倍增时间为21.71 h,最大密度为1.3×106 cells/m L。因此,我们通过重编程技术建立了一株稳定的永生化细胞系,并且使它能在低浓度KSR中悬浮培养,这为疫苗制备等研究和生产提供科学依据。     

地塞米松对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后运动神经元的恢复作用

本实验使用120只Wistar系大鼠,采用定位、定量、定时的方法压挫坐骨神经后。给予治疗剂量的地塞米松,动态观察脊髓腰段伤侧前角运动神经元的SDH、AChE和ACP的酶组织化学及细胞超微结构的变化。结果提示,地塞米松对受伤害神经元具有稳定细胞酶活性和细胞超微结构的作用,可以减轻继发性损害,对神经元的恢复有积极作用。     

二相酶诱导剂D3T对运动神经元的保护作用

研究二相酶诱导剂3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione(D3T)对体外培养的运动神经元的保护作用。选用生后7天的SD乳鼠脊髓腰段切成薄片进行体外培养,正常培养1周后分组干预,对照组只加入正常培养液,THA组于培养液中加入谷氨酸转运体抑制剂threo-hydroxyaspartate(THA),D3T48h THA组于培养液中加入不同浓度的D3T,48h后同时给予THA和相应浓度的D3T。D3T THA组于培养液中同时给予THA和不同浓度的D3T。培养4周后观察运动神经元数量和超微结构变化。另外对培养1周后的脊髓薄片给予不同浓度的D3T,观察D3T干预48h后运动神经元数量与相应对照组之间的差异。结果显示D3T对THA引起的运动神经元的丢失有保护作用,且能够减轻THA引起运动神经元超微结构损害。由此认为,二相酶诱导剂D3T有望成为肌萎缩侧索硬化治疗的新切入点。     

无血清培养鹌鹑胚胎骨骼肌细胞的光镜与电镜观察

用无血清、无胚胎抽提液培养液（Ｅａｇｌｅ’ｓ,ＭＥＭ）培养孵育８ｄ的鹌鹑胚胎骨骼肌细胞,接种后圆形的生肌细胞可发育、分化形成线状的肌管,历时４—６ｄ。对培养７２ｈ肌细胞苏木精－伊红染色光镜照相和电镜观察证明肌细胞在本实验条件下能分化形成肌细胞特有的横纹结构和肌丝结构。     

无血清培养昆虫细胞(BTI-Tn-5B1-4)的适应过程

昆虫细胞培养是近年来迅速发展起来的动物细胞培养工程中的一个新领域。人们可以利用杆状病毒在昆虫细胞内的感染、复制,来大量生产昆虫病毒作为生物杀虫剂[1]。而昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达载体系统的建立,则可通过昆虫细胞的体外培养大量表达病毒携带的外源基因。实践证明,这…     

Growth and differentiation of epidermal cells from the rainbow trout established as explants and maintained in various media

Growth and a number of differentiated characteristics of cultured epidermal cells from the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were compared using two commercially available serum–free media, a dermal substrate/serum free kit and a serum–containing medium which had been previously optimized for epidermal cell culture. Each medium supported short term growth over 15 days. Only the medium supplied for dermal substrate culture supported longer growth periods. This medium was supplied for use with a collagen/stromal substrate but gave good cultures even without the substrate. Differentiation, measured by examining mucous cells, cytokeratins, epidermal growth factor receptor, gap junction status and ultrastructure showed that serum–free media gave quantitatively and qualitatively superior expression and short term retention of differentiation over serum–containing medium. Epithelial cell growth with expression of differentiated characteristics can be maintained in primary culture in serum–free medium for at least as long as in serum–containing medium. This provides a useful technique for use when serum presence in medium is undesirable or proves toxic to the specialized cell type under investigation.     

Establishment and characterization of a novel in vitro angiogenesis model using a microvascular endothelial cell line, F-2C, cultured in chemically defined medium

Summary The behavior of vascular endothelial cells (EC) is an important factor in the processes involved in angiogenesis, but the regulatory mechanisms of angiogenesis, especially underlying the tubulogenesis by EC are not yet clear. Although a number of in vitro experimental models of tubulogenesis have been developed by use of cultured EC, most of those models are too complex to be easily handled and further, the culture media are usually supplemented with serum, creating problems in interpretation of experimental results. To generate a simple in vitro angiogenesis study model under serum-free culture conditions, we adapted a murine microvascular endothelial cell line, F-2, to a chemically defined medium, Cos Medium 001, and successfully established a subline of F-2, designated F-2C, which revealed a unique growth pattern. In Cos Medium 001, F-2C proliferates in a cobblestone pattern at an early growth stage, but, at a late growth stage, spontaneously differentiates to form three-dimensional honeycomblike tubular structures without the supplementation of any specific factors. The cell aggregation activity of F-2C in the presence of Ca²⁺ was much greater than that of F-2. The amount of subendothelial matrix deposited by F-2C was significantly higher than that by F-2, and increased prominently after the F-2C cells reached the differentiating stage of tubulogenesis. These findings indicate that F-2C is a new EC line in which tubulogenesis is spontaneously induced by the marked deposition of basement membrane analog to the subendothelial matrix and by the enhancement of presumable cadherin activity. We suggest that this cell line, F-2C, represents a simple and useful in vitro angiogenesis model.     

用无血清培养基在填充床生物反应器生产 rHuEPO

在填充床生物反应器用含５％ＦＢＳ的ＤＭＥＭ：Ｆ１２培养基培养产重组人促红细胞生成素（ｒＨｕＥＰＯ）的细胞Ｃ_２８～１０ｄ后,使用自制的无血清生产培养基（ＳＦＭｐ）生产ｒＨｕＥＰＯ。ＳＦＭｐ培养基既能维持细胞生长,又能生产ＥＰＯ,也便于纯化分离ｒＨｕＥＰＯ。使用填充床生物反应器培养细胞,能维持培养２０～２５ｄ,ｒＨｕＥＰＯ表达水平达１２～２８.４ｍｇ／Ｌ之间,反应器的产率达到７１.０ｍｇ／Ｌ／ｄ,比滚瓶的产率增加１２～１４倍。葡萄糖最高消耗量达到２１ｇ／Ｌ／ｄ,细胞培养密度最高达到３.０×１０^７／ｍｌ以上,每次可收无血清培养上清８０～８７Ｌ。由于细胞被固定在聚酯片上,培养上清中脱落细胞很少。观察了反应器的乳酸和氨的含量,其结果表明乳酸和氨含量分别低于３.５ｇ／Ｌ和５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,不影响产物的表达。经过多批培养和生长ｒＨｕＥＰＯ的结果表明,自行配制的ＳＦＭｐ培养基在该反应器能有效地维持细胞生长和生产ｒＨｕＥＰＯ。     

无血清培养HAb18细胞的生长代谢与抗体分泌特征

通过逐步降低血清浓度,HPLC氨基酸分析及正交实验筛选研制了HAb18杂交瘤细胞的无血清培养基。对在该无血清培养条件下的细胞进行了计数,对培养上清液进行了葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、乳酸和氨浓度以及抗体分泌量和抗原结合活性测定,并对动力学参数进行了分析,结果表明HAb18细胞在无血清培养条件下达到的最大细胞密度和抗体分泌量分别为0.91×106个/ml和43.8mg/L;细胞比生长速率较在有血清条件下稍有下降,而抗体合成速率提高(0.0207/h比0.0218/h,0.387pg/cell/h比0.218pg/cell/h,P<0.01)。无血清培养时葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺消耗无明显变化,但乳酸浓度降低,氨浓度升高;此外,分泌抗体的抗原结合活性增加。研究无血清培养条件下的HAb18细胞生长代谢和抗体分泌特征可为建立HAb18无血清悬浮流加培养工艺打下基础。     

脊髓性肌萎缩症患者尿液细胞模型的建立

脊髓性肌萎缩症(Spinal muscular atrophy, SMA)大多数在儿童或婴幼儿期发病,表现为进行性、对称性的肢体无力和肌肉萎缩,迄今尚无有效的治疗方法,是婴幼儿最常见的致死性遗传病之一。患者来源的细胞系是该病研究的重要工具,但依赖于肌肉或皮肤活检等创伤性手术的成纤维细胞培养较难被患者及家属接受。文章收集SMA患者及健康对照的新鲜尿液,进行离心、尿液沉渣培养,观察尿液细胞的生长状况,用酶联免疫吸附实验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)分析患者尿液细胞中SMN(Survival of motor neuron)蛋白的表达量,应用免疫荧光染色观察SMN蛋白在细胞内的定位。共建立了11例SMA患者和14例健康对照的尿液细胞系,尿液细胞体外增殖旺盛,细胞形态及生长速度较稳定。患者来源的尿液细胞SMN1(Survival of motor neuron 1) 基因缺失突变、SMN蛋白表达量降低,荧光染色提示SMN蛋白在胞浆和胞核中均有定位。尿液细胞培养步骤简单、无创伤性、患儿及其家属的依从性好,是获取和保存病人来源标本的有效方法,在脊髓性肌萎缩症发病机制研究和临床应用方面具有较好的应用价值。     

The effects of selenium deficiency on differentiation, degradation, dand cell lysis of L8 rat skeletal muscle cells

We investigated the effects of selenium (Se) deficiency on differentiation, protein degradation, and cell lysis in cultured skeletal muscle cells, using L8 rat skeletal muscle cells cultured in serum-free (SF) medium to induce differentiation and to maintain myotubes. Creatine kinase activity was reduced (p < 0.05) by approximately 15% without Se supplementation for 96 h. Confluent myoblasts were treated with SF media with four different levels of vitamin E (0,10, 35, and 100 μM) in the absence and presence of Se (0 and 0.25 μM, respectively). After 96 h, vitamin E at a high dose (100 μM) was effective in the prevention of the decrease of differentiation caused by Se deficiency (p < 0.05). Following differentiation, the effects of three Se concentrations (0, 0.25, and 2.5 μM) on degradation of proteins as assessed by release of³H-labeled free amino acids secreted into the media were studied. Selenium supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) total protein degradation. However, Se deficiency increased (p < 0.05) lactate dehydrogenase released from lyzed dead cells. The results indicate that Se is required to maintain an optimal rate of muscle cell differentiation and health of myotube cultures.     

Nephrocystins and MKS proteins interact with IFT particle and facilitate transport of selected ciliary cargos

Cilia are required for the development and function of many organs. Efficient transport of protein cargo along ciliary axoneme is necessary to sustain these processes. Despite its importance, the mode of interaction between the intraflagellar ciliary transport (IFT) mechanism and its cargo proteins remains poorly understood. Our studies demonstrate that IFT particle components, and a Meckel-Gruber syndrome 1 (MKS1)-related, B9 domain protein, B9d2, bind each other and contribute to the ciliary localization of Inversin (Nephrocystin 2). B9d2, Inversin, and Nephrocystin 5 support, in turn, the transport of a cargo protein, Opsin, but not another photoreceptor ciliary transmembrane protein, Peripherin. Interestingly, the components of this mechanism also contribute to the formation of planar cell polarity in mechanosensory epithelia. These studies reveal a molecular mechanism that mediates the transport of selected ciliary cargos and is of fundamental importance for the differentiation and survival of sensory cells.     

Application of aurintricarboxylic acid for the adherence of mouse P19 neurons and primary hippocampal neurons to noncoated surface in serum‐free culture

Dissociated primary neuron culture has been the most widely used model systems for neuroscience research. Most of these primary neurons are cultured on adhesion matrix‐coated surface to provide a proper environment for cell anchorage under serum‐free conditions. In this study, we provide an alternative technique to promote the adhesions of these neurons using aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), a nonpeptide compound, without surface manipulations. We first demonstrated that ATA could promote Chinese hamster ovary cell attachment and proliferation in serum‐free medium in a dosage‐dependent manner. We later showed that ATA significantly enhanced the attachment of the retinoic acid differentiated P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma (P19) neurons, with an optimal concentration around 30 μg/mL. A similar result was seen in primary hippocampal neurons, with an optimal ATA concentration around 15 μg/mL. Further morphological assessments revealed that the average neurite length and neuronal polarization were almost identical to that obtained using a conventional method with poly‐L ‐lysine surface. The advantages of using the ATA treatment technique for immunochemical analysis are discussed. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012