创伤后巨噬细胞对T细胞白介素2及白介素2受体α基因表达的直…

以２５μｇ／ｍｌ的丝裂霉素Ｃ处理巨噬细胞３０ｍｉｎ,可阻断巨噬细胞白介素１（ＩＬ－１）、白介素６（ＩＬ－６）、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）及前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）的合成与分泌。创伤小鼠巨噬细胞经丝裂霉素Ｃ处理后,可明显抑制正常Ｔ细胞白介素２（ＩＬ－２）ｍＲＮＡ及ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）α ｍＲＮＡ水平,并增强Ｔｓ细胞的抑制活性。去除Ｔ细胞中Ｔｓ细胞可使巨噬细胞的抑制作用消失。表明创伤后巨噬细胞可通过     

丹参撮物F对幽门螺杆菌致敏小鼠的免疫调理作用研究

研究丹参提取物Ｆ（Ｄａｎ Ｓｈｅｎ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔ Ｆ,ＤＳＥ－Ｆ）对幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｅｌｉｃｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｐｙｌｏｒｉ,ＨＰ）致敏胃粘膜固有层淋巴细胞有无免疫调理作用。经口给予小鼠ＨＰ全菌破碎抗原与ＤＳＥ－Ｆ２周后,提取脾淋巴细胞和胃粘膜固有层Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＬＰＬ）,检测对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒活性和ＩＬ－２诱生能力的改变,结果显示ＤＳＥ－Ｆ与ＨＰ抗原协同能增强脾淋巴细胞和胃ＬＰＬ细胞的抗细胞的细胞毒性     

人参茎叶皂甙对创伤小鼠活化T细胞内磷脂酰肌醇代谢的影响

研究了人参茎叶皂甙（ＧＳＬ）对创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内磷脂酰肌醇代谢的影响。结果显示,ＧＳＬ体内应用（５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１）·ｄ￣（－１）,伤后０─３ｄ）对创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内三磷酸肌醇（ＩＰ＿３）、游离Ｃａ￣（２＋）、钙调素（ＣａＭ）、ＣａＭ依赖的蛋白激酶（ＣａＭ－Ｐｋ）、蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）水平的降低具有明显的逆转效应,并可明显降低创伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞、Ｔｓ细胞对各指标的抑制活性。ＧＳＬ（１．０─１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）在体外也可明显提高创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内ＩＰ＿３、Ｃａ￣（２＋）、ＣａＭ、ＣａＭ－ＰＫ及ＰＫＣ水平。上述结果表明,ＧＳＬ可逆转创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内磷脂酰肌醇代谢的降低。     

1,25—二羟维生素D3的免疫调节作用

１,２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３是维生素Ｄ３的形式,其生物效应是由１,２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３受体（ＶＤＲ）介导的。单核细胞、激活的淋巴细胞等免疫系统细胞均有ＶＤＲ的表达,１,２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３对免疫系统功能有重要调节作用,主要表现于：在分子水平上抑制白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）、γ－干扰素（ＩＮＦ－γ）及粒单系集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）等细胞因子的表达;细胞水平上调节免疫系统细胞的增殖分化及其免疫功能;在整体水平     

鼠伤寒杆菌主要外膜蛋白作为保护性抗原的研究

采用超声破碎,ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ─１００处理和Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒａｌ超细Ｓ─３００凝胶过滤技术提取了鼠伤寒杆菌的主要外膜蛋白（ＭＯＭＰｓ）。ＭＯＭＰｓ的脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）含量约为０．２％。经ＳＤＳ─ＰＡＧＥ图谱显示蛋白在３６─４１ＫＤ之间。ＭＯＭＰｓ能使小鼠产生典型的足垫肿胀（ＤＴＨ）及高水平的ＩＬ─２;可保护５００ＬＤ５０鼠伤寒杆菌及伤寒杆菌的攻击,其免疫保护率分别为９０％和３３．３％,用５０ｕｇＭＯＭＰｓ免疫的小鼠的Ｔ淋巴细胞经尾静脉注射给非免疫小鼠,可使后者得到被动免疫保护,其保护率为４２．９％。基于上述实验结果,本文认为鼠伤寒杆菌的ＭＯＭＰｓ是一良好的保护性抗原。     

小鼠2—细胞期经电融合后的早期胚胎发育

小鼠２－细胞期经电融合后的早期胚胎发育小鼠,电融合,细胞数,核型,四倍体胚胎小鼠２细胞期经电融合后的早期胚胎发育ＥＡＲＬＹＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＭＯＵＳＥＥＭＢＲＹＯＳＰＲＯＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＦＵＳＩＯＮＡＴ２ＣＥＬＬＳＴＡＧＥ关键...     

升血汤促进小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

利用多种免疫学方法研究了中药升血汤对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果证明,升血汤对正常小鼠的细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能确有明显的促进作用。表现为,非特异地（多克隆）增强Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞对丝裂原的增殖反应;特异地增强Ｔ细胞对异型抗原的ＭＬＲ、ＤＴＨ反应;特异地增强小鼠对ＳＲＢＣ的抗体反应;明显增强小鼠脾细胞产生ＩＬＤ２的能力。     

Egr-1基因调控序列连接OSM cDNA表达质粒的构建及其在黑色素瘤细胞中的表达

ＯＳＭ是一种对黑色素瘤细胞显示抑制作用的细胞因子．为进行ＯＳＭ针对黑色素瘤的基因－放射治疗研究,构建了小鼠Ｅｇｒ－１基因调控序列引导入ＯＳＭｃＤＮＡ真核表达质粒（ｐＥＯ）,ｐＥＯ质粒转染小鼠Ｂ－１６黑色素瘤细胞,经Ｇ４１８和抗人ＯＳＭ抗体的筛选,获得了稳定表达ＯＳＭ的克隆细胞（ｐＥＯ－１细胞）,ＯＳＭ表达量可达５．９７ｎｇ每１０５细胞天,分子量为３２ｋＤ．ｐＥＯ－１细胞用一定浓度Ｈ２Ｏ２处理后ＯＳＭ表达量可提高６２％,表明ｐＥＯ重组质粒可在氧自由基的刺激作用下增强ＯＳＭ表达     

小鼠胸树突状细胞系自发分泌多种类型细胞因子

建成小鼠胸腺基质细胞系，命名为ＭＴＳＣ４，经鉴定分析认为是ＤＣ来源。在无外来刺激条件下，ＭＴＳＣ４细胞可自发分泌多种类型细胞因子，已检测到的有ＩＬ－１，ＩＬ－６，ＩＬ－７，ＣＳＦ，ＩＦＮ及趋化因子（ＣＦ）等。其中ＩＬ－６，ＩＦＮ为较高水平分泌量，ＩＬ－１、ＣＦ为中等水平，ＩＬ－７、ＣＳＦ为较低水平分泌量。ＭＴＳＣ４不能自发分泌ＩＬ－３及ＴＮＦａ。ＭＴＳＣ４的建立有利于分析胸腺选择特别是阴性选择的机     

1，25－二羟维生素D_3的免疫调节作用

１,２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３是维生素Ｄ３的激素形式,其生物效应是由１,２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３受体（ＶＤＲ）介导的。单核细胞、激活的淋巴细胞等免疫系统细胞均有ＶＤＲ的表达,１,２５（ＯＨ）２Ｄ３对免疫系统功能有重要调节作用,主要表现于：在分子水平上抑制白细胞介素２（ＩＬ２）、γ－干扰素（ＩＮＦ－γ）及粒单系集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）等细胞因子的表达;在细胞水平上调节免疫系统细胞的增殖分化及其免疫功能;在整体水平上可以减少实验性自身免疫性疾病的发病率并改善病情,并能延长实验性移植器官的存活时间。     

创伤小鼠血清,巨噬细胞,Ts细胞对反抑制T细胞的影响

研究了创伤小鼠反抑制T细胞(Tcs)比例、功能的变化及创伤血清、巨噬细胞、抑制性T细胞(Ts)对正常小鼠Tcs细胞的影响。结果表明,创伤小鼠脾细胞中VVL~ 细胞百分率于伤后一过性减少,Tcs细胞在T淋转、IL-2、IL-2R检测系统中的反抑制活性均明显受抑;创伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞、Ts细胞在体外对正常Tcs细胞反抑制活性(T淋转、IL-2、IL-2R检测系统)均具有不同程度的抑制作用,创伤后4天小鼠血清在体内对正常小鼠脾脏VVL~ 细胞百分率无明显影响,但可明显降低正常小鼠Tcs细胞的反抑制活性。表明创伤可致Tcs细胞比例及功能发生改变,创伤后血清、巨噬细胞、Ts细胞参与介导了Tcs细胞功能的受抑过程。     

IL-4-transduced tumor cell vaccine induces immunoregulatory type 2 CD8 T lymphocytes that cure lung metastases upon adoptive transfer.

Vaccinations with tumor cells engineered to produce IL-4 prolonged survival and cured 30% of mice bearing pulmonary metastases, an effect abrogated by in vivo depletion of T cells. Vaccination induced type 2 T cell polarization in both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte subsets. We focused on the antitumor activity exerted by type 2 CD8+ T cells (Tc2) activated by IL-4 tumor cell vaccination. Tc2 lymphocytes lacked in vitro tumor cytotoxicity, but released IL-4 upon stimulation with tumor cells, as shown by limiting dilution analysis of the frequencies of tumor-specific pCTL and of CD8 cells producing the cytokine. In vivo fresh purified CD8+ T lymphocytes from IL-4-vaccinated mice eliminated 80-100% of lung metastases when transferred into tumor-bearing mice. CD8+ lymphocytes from IL-4-vaccinated IFN-gamma knockout (KO), but not from IL-4 KO, mice cured lung metastases, thus indicating that IL-4 produced by Tc2 cells was instrumental for tumor rejection. The antitumor effect of adoptively transferred Tc2 lymphocytes needed host CD8 T cells and AsGM1 leukocyte populations, and partially granulocytes. These data indicate that Tc2 CD8+ T cells exert immunoregulatory functions and induce tumor rejection through the cooperation of bystander lymphoid effector cells. Tumor eradication is thus not restricted to a type 1 response, but can also be mediated by a type 2 biased T cell response.     

Altered interleukin production during Friend leukemia virus infection

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice, infected 14 to 28 days earlier with Friend leukemia virus (FLV), were shown to be inhibited in their ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) when stimulated with mitogen. Likewise, these spleen cell populations failed to respond following mitogenic stimulation or exogenous addition of recombinant IL-2. By contrast, the FLV-infected spleen cell populations produced normal levels of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and thymocytes from FLV-infected mice responded normally to addition of exogenous IL-1. This suggests that FLV infection selectively affects the ability of spleen cells to produce cytokines. Spleen cell populations enriched for T lymphocytes and depleted of tumor cells by density gradient centrifugation in Ficoll were unable to produce IL-2. This indicates that the failure to detect IL-2 in cells from FLV-infected mice was not due to a dilution of T lymphocytes by tumor cells but was a functional inability to produce IL-2. Furthermore, enriched T lymphocytes from FLV-infected mice failed to respond blastogenically to exogenous IL-2. Additional studies indicate that tumor cells, but not macrophages or T lymphocytes from FLV-infected spleens, suppressed the blastogenic response to mitogens and IL-2 production by normal splenic T lymphocytes.     

酸枣仁总皂甙对缺氧－再给氧心肌细胞的保护作用

按Laarse＇s方法建立培养心肌细胞缺氧-再给氧(A-R)模型,缺糖缺氧60min,再给氧30min.结果发现,缺氧组心肌细胞MDA含量增加,SOD活性降低,细胞膜脂质流动性下降,再给氧组上述改变加剧.酸枣仁总皂忒(ZS)能剂量依赖性地显著降低心肌细胞MDA含量,提高SOD活性,增加细胞膜脂质流动性,证明ZS有明显抗心肌细胞缺氧-再给氧损伤作用.     

Programmed cell death of T lymphocytes during acute viral infection: a mechanism for virus-induced immune deficiency.

Acute viral infections induce immune deficiencies, as shown by unresponsiveness to mitogens and unrelated antigens. T lymphocytes isolated from mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) were found in this study to undergo activation-induced apoptosis upon signalling through the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex. Kinetic studies demonstrated that this sensitivity to apoptosis directly correlated with the induction of immune deficiency, as measured by impaired proliferation in response to anti-CD3 antibody or to concanavalin A. Cell cycling in interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone stimulated proliferation of LCMV-induced T cells without inducing apoptosis, but preculturing of T cells from acutely infected mice in IL-2 accelerated apoptosis upon subsequent TcR-CD3 cross-linking. T lymphocytes isolated from mice after the acute infection were less responsive to IL-2, but those T cells, presumably memory T cells, responding to IL-2 were primed in each case to die a rapid apoptotic death upon TcR-CD3 cross-linking. These results indicate that virus infection-induced unresponsiveness to T-cell mitogens is due to apoptosis of the activated lymphocytes and suggest that the sensitization of memory cells by IL-2 induced during infection will cause them to die upon antigen recognition, thereby impairing specific responses to nonviral antigens.     

T cells expanded in presence of IL-15 exhibit increased antioxidant capacity and innate effector molecules

Persistence of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during an immunological response is critical for successfully controlling a viral infection or tumor growth. Various cytokines are known to play an important part in regulating the immune response. The IL-2 family of cytokines that includes IL-2 and IL-15 are known to function as growth and survival factors for antigen-experienced T cells. IL-2 and IL-15 possess similar properties, including the ability to induce T cell proliferation. Whereas long-term IL-2 exposure has been shown to promote apoptosis and limit CD8(+) memory T cell survival and proliferation, it is widely believed that IL-15 can inhibit apoptosis and helps maintain a memory CD8(+) T-cell population. However, mechanisms for superior outcomes for IL-15 as compared to IL-2 are still under investigation. Our data shows that human T cells cultured in the presence of IL-15 exhibit increased expression of anti-oxidant molecules glutathione reductase (GSR), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNDR1), peroxiredoxin (PRDX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). An increased expression of cell-surface thiols, intracellular glutathione, and thioredoxins was also noted in IL-15 cultured T cells. Additionally, IL-15 cultured T cells showed an increase in cytolytic effector molecules. Apart from increased level of Granzyme A and Granzyme B, IL-15 cultured T cells exhibited increased accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as compared to IL-2 cultured T cells. Overall, this study suggests that T cells cultured in IL-15 show increased persistence not only due to levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, but also due to increased anti-oxidant levels, which is complimented by increased cytolytic effector functions.     

Persistence, immune specificity, and functional ability of murine mutant ras epitope-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes following in vivo adoptive transfer.

Adoptive T-cell transfer has been shown to be a potentially effective strategy for cellular immunotherapy in some murine models of disease. However, several issues remain unresolved regarding some of the basic features involved in effective adoptive transfer, such as the influence of specific peptide antigen (Ag) boost after T-cell transfer, the addition of IL-2 post-T-cell transfer, the trafficking of transferred T cells to lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues, and the functional stability of recoverable CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. We investigated several of these parameters, particularly as they relate to the persistence and maintenance of effector functions of murine CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T lymphocytes after adoptive cellular transfer into partially gamma-irradiated syngeneic hosts. Our laboratory previously identified murine (H-2(d)) immunogenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell peptide epitopes reflecting codon 12 ras mutations as tumor-specific Ag. Therefore, the model system chosen here employed epitope-specific MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) T cells and MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells produced from previously immunized BALB/c mice. Between 2 and 7 days after T-cell transfer, recipient mice received various combinations of peptide boosts and/or IL-2 treatments. At different times after the T-cell transfer, spleen and lung tissues were analyzed phenotypically to monitor the persistence of the immune T cells and functionally (via proliferation or cytotoxicity assays) to assess the maintenance of peptide specificity. The results showed that immune donor T lymphocytes (uncultured immune T cells or cloned T cells) were recoverable from the spleens and lungs of recipient mice after transfer. The recovery of Ag-specific T-cell responses was greatest from recipient mice that received peptide boosts and IL-2 treatment. However, mice that received a peptide boost without IL-2 treatment responded nearly as well, which suggested that including a peptide boost after T-cell transfer was more obligatory than exogenous IL-2 treatment to sustain adoptively transferred T cells in vivo. Ag-specific T-cell responses were weak in mice that either received IL-2 alone or did not receive the cognate peptide boost after T-cell transfer. The T-cell clones were also monitored by flow cytometry or RT-PCR based on expression of the T-cell receptor Vbeta-chain, which was previously characterized. Ag-specific T cells were recovered from both spleens and lungs of recipient mice, demonstrating that the T-cell clones could localize to both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. This study demonstrates that both uncultured and in vitro-cloned T lymphocytes can migrate to lymphoid tissues and nonlymphoid (e.g., lung) tissues in recipient hosts and that their functional activities can be maintained at these sites after transfer, if they are exposed to peptide Ag in vivo.