湖北省及周边地区625例头癣病原菌分析

目的分析湖北省及周边地区2011～2018年头癣患者病原菌菌种及临床特征的分布情况。方法回顾性分析2011～2018年武汉市第一医院皮肤科门诊及住院部诊断为头癣的625例患者的基本信息及真菌学资料。结果 625例患者中,男性:252例(40.32%),女性:373例(59.68%),发病年龄1个月～84岁。培养阳性:507例(81.24%)培养阴性:118例(18.76%)。致病菌以紫色毛癣菌为主(49.90%),其余依次为:犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、铁锈色小孢子菌、许兰毛癣菌。培养阳性的患者中,成人共有80例(15.78%)。发病人群集中在0～12岁(82.65%),临床上以黑点癣为主(57.99%),依次为白癣、脓癣,黄癣少见。结论湖北省及周边地区头癣患者年龄集中在0～12岁,以紫色毛癣菌引起的黑点癣最常见。     

331例头癣临床流行病学特征分析CSCD

目的分析无锡及周边地区2001—2020年头癣患者病原菌种类及流行病学特点。方法回顾性分析2001—2020年无锡市第二人民医院皮肤科门诊临床诊断符合头癣,且真菌培养阳性的331例患者的检测结果,结合患者性别、年龄等基本信息进行分析。结果331例患者中,男性183例(55.29%),女性148例(44.71%),发病年龄2个月~81岁。成人(≥18岁)头癣39例,男性7例(17.95%),女性32例(82.06%);儿童头癣292例,男童177例(60.6%),女童115例(39.4%)。成人头癣各年龄段散发,儿童头癣年龄段主要集中在5~11岁,176例(61.11%)。头癣致病菌以犬小孢子菌为主(228例,68.88%),其余依次为:紫色毛癣菌(27例,8.16%)、红色毛癣菌(25例,7.55%)、断发毛癣菌(23例,6.95%)、须癣毛癣菌(22例,6.65%)、石膏样小孢子菌(6例,1.81%)。临床分型以白癣为主247例(74.62%),其余依次为脓癣55例(16.62%),黑点癣28例(8.46%),未见黄癣。结论无锡及周边地区头癣患者年龄集中在5~11岁,以亲动物性犬小孢子菌引起的白癣最常见。     

儿童头癣33例临床分析

目的 观察姜堰地区儿童头癣流行病学、传播方式、病原菌及治疗结果.方法 对我科2006年8月～ 2013年5月诊治的33例儿童头癣病例进行总结分析.结果 33例儿童头癣中白癣24例、黑癣5例、脓癣4例;男19例、女14例;犬小孢子菌22例、紫色毛癣菌2例、须癣毛癣菌3例、断发毛癣菌3例、红色毛癣菌1例、石膏样小孢子菌2例.患者中有动物接触史的占42.42％ （14/33）.经口服特比萘芬或伊曲康唑6～8周,每日用硫磺皂洗头,局部外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏均取得满意疗效.8周时治愈率分别为87.50％和88.24％,真菌清除率分别为100％和94.12％.结论 近年来本病增多的原因与喂养猫、犬等宠物有关,主要病原菌是亲动物的犬小孢子菌,经综合治疗,疗效满意.     

杭州部分地区头癣73例类型及病原菌分析

目的 了解近2年来杭州部分地区头癣类型及其病原菌分布情况。方法 采用回顾性方法对2003年5月～2005年4月在杭州市第三人民医院皮肤科门诊诊治的头癣患者进行分析。结果 73例头癣患者中白癣41例（56．16％）、黑癣23例（31．5％）、脓癣9例（12．33％）,未发现黄癣。51例行真菌培养。主要病原菌为犬小孢子菌22例（43．14％）、紫色毛癣菌17例（33．33％）、须癣毛癣菌8例（15．69％）、断发毛癣菌4例（7．84％）。结论 杭州地区头癣患者中白癣发病率占首位,犬小孢子菌为主要致病菌。     

广州地区70例儿童头癣病原学分析

目的 了解6a来广州地区头癣类型及病原菌分布特点.方法 采用病例回顾性分析,对2007年7月～2013年9月来广州市中山大学附属第三医院皮肤科门诊就诊的头癣患儿（平均为6.0±3.6岁）真菌直接镜检、培养及分离鉴定的结果进行分析.结果 70例头癣患儿真菌镜检阳性为69例,阳性率为99％,真菌培养阳性为47例,阳性率为81％.白癣为52例,占74％.病原菌包括犬小孢子菌19例（40％）、须癣毛癣菌13例（28％）、紫色毛癣菌5例（11％）,石膏样小孢子菌3例（6％）,其他病原菌为7例（15％）.其中,4～7岁的头癣患儿为35例,占50％.结论 儿童头癣的主要临床类型为白癣.致病菌以亲动物性犬小孢子菌为主.患儿的主要年龄段为4～7岁.     

我国大陆近年儿童头癣流行情况的回顾分析

目的 了解我国近年来头癣的流行情况.方法 采用回顾性方法 分析对2000年1月～2010年11月发表的中文或英文有关我国头癣报道的文章进行汇总分析.结果 共汇总文章50余篇,分析病例23 258例,其中男12 745例,女10513例,男女比例1.21:1.按照临床分型,有临床类型资料的有7 684例,其中白癣5 506例,占71.16%,居首位.除新疆南部外,犬小孢子菌仍是头癣的主要致病菌(67.99%),其次为紫色毛癣菌(8.51%)和须癣毛癣菌(8.14%).新疆南部以紫色毛癣菌为主(49.19%),其次为许兰毛癣菌和铁锈色小孢子菌(33.90%和12.60%).结论 我国头癣病原菌变迁缓慢,犬小孢子菌仍是我国主要致病菌,但是亲人性的紫色毛癣菌在东部比例较高,需进行长期监测.     

946例头癣病因及发病趋势分析

目的 了解我国华东地区近18年头癣趋势及病原菌分布情况.方法 采用回顾性分析方法 对1993年1月～2010年12月在我院皮肤科门诊诊治的华东地区的头癣患者进行分析.结果 946例头癣患者,男410例,女536例;年龄20d～93岁;784例真菌培养阳性患者中,白癣473例、黑癣216例、脓癣94例、黄癣1例.主要病原菌为羊毛状小孢子菌470株、紫色毛癣菌154株、断发毛癣菌81株.其中,培养出亲人性皮肤癣菌(紫色毛癣菌32例、断发毛癣菌12例、红色毛癣菌8例)的头癣患者与各种动物有密切接触史.本研究显示头癣发病率2001年达高峰之后逐渐下降,但于2010年又出现新的上升趋势.结论 我国华东地区头癣患者中自癣发病率占首位,其主要致病菌为羊毛状小孢子菌.培养出亲人性皮肤癣菌的头癣患者与各种动物有密切接触,提示亲人性皮肤癣菌在人与动物之间有互相传染的现象.2010年新的上升趋势值得我们关注.     

脓癣的发病情况和病原菌变迁:上海地区19年的回顾性研究

目的了解近19年间上海地区脓癣的发病情况、病原菌及其变迁。方法选取头皮屑及头发真菌直接镜检阳性和(或)真菌培养为皮肤癣菌者,记录其临床表现、感染方式及动物接触史等。结果头癣患者1 009例,其中男性437例,女性572例;年龄20 d～93岁,平均10.44岁;脓癣114例(11.30%),其中男性44例,女性70例。年龄20 d～68岁,平均10.60岁,5～10岁最多见(45.61%),其次为5岁以下儿童(31.58%)。感染方式:发内型48例,发外型66例。真菌培养阳性的脓癣95例,其中犬小孢子菌29例(30.53%)、紫色毛癣菌21例(22.11%)、须癣毛癣菌19例(20.00%)、红色毛癣菌15例(15.79%)、断发毛癣菌7例(7.37%)、石膏样小孢子菌4例(4.21%)。脓癣的发病呈上升趋势,须癣毛癣菌脓癣尤为显著。结论上海地区脓癣主要发生于10岁以内儿童,犬小孢子菌是最常见的致病菌,发外型感染较发内型多见。     

阴囊皮肤癣菌病患者临床及 真菌学分析

目的探讨阴囊皮肤癣菌病患者的致病菌、临床特征、易感因素及治疗转归等相关因素。方法回顾性分析2007-2017年广州市中山大学附属第三医院经真菌学检查确诊的24例阴囊癣病例,分析患者一般资料、临床特征、发病相关因素、合并其他部位浅部真菌病情况、病原菌及治疗转归等情况。结果 24例阴囊癣患者均为青少年,平均年龄19.6岁,平均病程2.9个月。患者分离皮肤癣菌24株,其中石膏样小孢子菌15株(62.50%)、红色毛癣菌7株(29.17%)和絮状表皮癣菌2株(8.33%)。石膏样小孢子菌主要引起阴囊单纯性感染,临床表现为特征性的白色伪膜样斑片,而红色毛癣菌多引起阴囊及其他部位皮肤癣菌病。结论阴囊癣多见于青少年,石膏样小孢子菌为主要病原菌,其临床表现具有一定特征性。     

126例面癣临床因素及病原菌分析

目的探讨面癣的致病菌种、临床特点及发病相关因素。方法对126例面癣患者进行真菌分离培养鉴定及流行病学分析。结果面癣见于各年龄段,以11～30岁最多见。患病动物接触史、合并其他部位浅部真菌病史及糖皮质类固醇激素类药物外用史是面癣发病的重要危险因素。分离出皮肤癣菌108株,包括红色毛癣菌63株（58．3％）、犬小孢子菌25株（23．1％）、须癣毛癣菌18株（16．7％）和石膏样小孢子菌2株（1．9％）。结论面癣的发病没有年龄差异,患者可见于各个年龄阶段;面癣的常见致病真菌绝大多数为红色毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌,其发病可能与患者自体接种或接触患病动物相关。面癣容易被误诊,及时进行真菌镜检和培养是降低面癣误诊率的关键。     

Race and Racism in America and in Anthropology

Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview . Audrey Smedley
Anthropology and Race . Eugenia Shanklin     

Degradation and conversion of somatostatin in normal and diabetic rats in vivo and in vitro

Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the portal and jugular veins of streptozotocin diabetic rats was compared with that in normal control rats. In the diabetic group, somatostatin levels in the portal (p less than 0.05) and jugular (p less than 0.01) veins were both elevated compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the degree of elevation was greater in the jugular vein than in the portal vein. To further investigate the role of the liver in the clearance of somatostatin-28 in vivo, 2 micrograms of somatostatin-28 was administered as a bolus into the external jugular vein of intact and functionally hepatectomized rats. The mean half-time of somatostatin-28 was significantly longer in intact diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.05). The functional hepatectomy did not cause a significant difference in the half-time in diabetic rats but made it longer in control rats. These results suggest that the longer half-time of somatostatin-28 in diabetic rats in vivo is due to its slower hepatic clearance. The hepatic clearance of somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 was further studied in vitro using a recirculating liver perfusion method. The hepatic clearance of 1.2 nM of either somatostatin-28 or somatostatin-14 was significantly lower in diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.01). This indicates that elevated plasma somatostatin levels in diabetic rats are caused at least in part by decreased hepatic clearance of somatostatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

MPD and DNA Bending in Crystals and in Solution

Bending of 15 to 24° is observed within crystal structures ofB-DNA duplexes, is strongly sequence-dependent, and exhibits no correlation with the concentration of MPD (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) in the crystallizing solution. Two types of bends are observed: facultative bends or flexible hinges at junctions between regions of G·C and A·T base-pairs, and a persistent and almost obligatory bend at the center of the sequence R-G-C-Y. Only A-tracts are characteristically straight and unbent in every crystal structure examined to date. A detailed examination of normal vector plots for individual strands of a double helix provides an explanation, in terms of the stacking properties of guanine and adenine bases. The effect of high MPD concentrations, in both solution and crystal, is to decrease local bending somewhat without removing it altogether. MPD gel retardation experiments provide no basis for choosing among the three models that seek to explain macroscopic curvature of DNA by means of microscopic bending: junction bending, bent A-tracts, or bent general- sequence DNA. Crystallographic data on the straightness of A-tracts, the bendability of non-A sequences, and the identity of inclination angles in A-tract and non-A-tractB-DNA support only the general-sequence bending model. The pre-melting transition observed in A-tract DNA probably represents a relaxation of stiff adenine stacks to a flexible conformation more typical of general-sequence DNA.     

Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in wheat and by-products in Argentina

The deoxynivalenol and nivalenol contamination in wheat and by-products obtained through milling was analized by Trucksess method slightly modified in the proportion of acetonitrile—water (3:1). Only one sample of wheat showed deoxynivalenol contamination, 1,200μg/kg. No samples obtained in different stages of the milling were contaminated with deoxynivalenol or nivalenol. In the commercial wheat flours the levels found ranged between 400 and 800μg/kg, as follows: 400μ/kg, 5 samples; 800jug/kg, 1 sample.     

Obestatin and ghrelin in obese and in pregnant women

We identified, through qPCR, receptor mRNA for a number of gut peptides in female human omental fat: the incretins, GIP and GLP-1, the orexigenic peptides PYY-Y1 and -Y2 and ghrelin, and the anorexigenic peptide obestatin. Four cohorts of women were examined: lean controls (BMI<23), obese (BMI>41), obese diabetic and term pregnant women. Human fat expressed receptor mRNAs for all six peptides. Pregnant women expressed roughly three times as much orphan GPR-39 receptor, a proposed obestatin receptor, than other women and less than half as much of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a). An immunoblot probed with a GPR-39 selective antibody yielded a single band corresponding to the correct molecular weight (52 kDa) for the proposed obestatin receptor. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry of human fat employing the same antibody indicated the receptor protein was localized to the adipocyte cell membrane. The concentration of obestatin circulating in blood was measured in the same cohort of women and was significantly lower in obese and obese diabetic women compared to control.