链霉菌Streptomyces sp. M-Z18转化前体L-赖氨酸合成ε-聚赖氨酸的研究

目的:考察不同细胞培养方式对Streptomyces sp. M-Z18转化前体L-赖氨酸合成ε-聚赖氨酸过程的影响。方法:利用两阶段细胞培养和发酵过程流加方式,建立了两阶段细胞培养转化前体L-赖氨酸合成ε-聚赖氨酸以及转化前体L-赖氨酸耦合甘油发酵生产ε-聚赖氨酸的策略。结果:(1)两阶段细胞培养转化前体L-赖氨酸合成ε-聚赖氨酸策略实现ε-PL积累15 g/L, 转化L-赖氨酸3 g/L;(2)转化前体L-赖氨酸耦合甘油发酵生产ε-聚赖氨酸策略使得ε-PL产量达到33.76 g/L,单位菌体的合成能力提高37.8%,转化L-赖氨酸4 g/L。这表明,上述两种方式下前体L-赖氨酸都能够被Streptomyces sp. M-Z18转化合成ε-聚赖氨酸,但转化效率还有待进一步提高。意义:揭示了Streptomyces sp. M-Z18合成ε-聚赖氨酸的限速步骤在于初级代谢产物L-赖氨酸的合成,这为后续利用代谢工程手段改造菌株提供了方向。     

具有酶活力高、专一性强的L-赖氨酸脱羧酶菌种的选育

L—赖氨酸脱羧酶是尸胺杆菌产生的胞内酶。用于L—赖氨酸的含量分析。其作用原理是每个分子的L—赖氨酸在其脱羧酶的作用下放出一分子的CO_2,产生的CO_2可通过检压法测定其含量。该法操作简单、结果准确。在生产上具有重要的应用价值。     

甜菜糖蜜发酵生产L—赖氨酸通过鉴定

甘肃省科学院生物工程中心承担的“甜菜糖蜜发酵生产L—赖氨酸课题于7月27日在兰州通过鉴定。M1083菌株是适合于甜菜糖蜜为碳源的高丝氨酸、亮氨酸双重缺陷兼AEC抗性的L—赖氨酸产生菌。     

生物基塑料单体5-氨基戊酸的生物合成新途径

5-氨基戊酸(5-aminovalanoic acid,5AVA)可作为新型塑料尼龙5和尼龙56的前体,是合成聚酰亚胺的有前途的平台化合物。目前5-氨基戊酸的生物合成法普遍产率较低且合成过程复杂,成本高。为实现5AVA的绿色生物合成,本研究通过组合表达来自日本白腹鲭(Scomber japonicas)的L-赖氨酸α-氧化酶、来自乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)的α-酮酸脱羧酶和来自大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的醛脱氢酶,在大肠杆菌中建立了一条以L-赖氨酸为原料,以2-酮-6-氨基己酸盐为中间产物生物合成5AVA的途径。在葡萄糖浓度为55 g/L,赖氨酸盐酸盐40 g/L的初始条件下,最终消耗158 g/L的葡萄糖和144 g/L的赖氨酸盐酸盐,补料分批发酵产生了57.52 g/L的5AVA,摩尔得率为0.62 mol/mol。与文献报道的以2-酮-6-氨基己酸盐为中间产物的5AVA生物合成途径相比,本文报道的新途径无需使用乙醇和双氧水,且5AVA产量进一步提高。     

L—赖氨酸高产菌株选育的研究

L-赖氨酸产生菌钝齿棒杆菌（Corynebacteriumcrenatum）N30－25菌株经紫外线诱变处理,分别在含有不同浓度的七叶苷的培养基上进行筛选,经摇瓶多次复筛获得了3株高产变异菌株。对这3株菌在相同发酵条件下进行发酵生产L－赖氨酸,与出发菌株比较,产量提高了22－31％,经过3次传代,产生L－赖氨酸能力仍很稳定。     

L-赖氨酸离子交换树脂的筛选

本文介绍一种从 L-赖氨酸发酵液中提取 L-赖氨酸的离子交换树脂——SR—1—3树脂。它对 L—赖氨酸的交换容量比国内普遍使用的732树脂提高25%左右。洗脱高峰集中,强度大,可望代替732树脂应用于 L-赖氨酸生产。     

L-赖氨酸发酵的研究钝齿棒状杆菌PI-3-2的L-赖氨酸发酵中间生产试验

1978年我们完成了北京棒状杆菌AS 1.563发酵生产L-赖氨酸研究的扩大试验。为进一步提高L-赖氨酸产率和糖原料的转化率,采用钝齿棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium crenatum)PI-3-2进行了L-赖氨酸发酵中间生产的研究,现报道如下。     

L-赖氨酸·L-谷氨酸盐制备工艺的研究

本文研究了L -赖氨酸·L -谷氨酸盐制备过程中脱盐、复合、结晶等工艺对产品的收率和质量的影响。研究了工艺过程的控制方法 ,为此产品的工业化生产提供了重要的参数     

MTT比色法检测赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响

采用噻唑蓝比色法检测赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的影响。赖氨酸和蛋氨酸在培养基中的添加浓度分别为0、0.05、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2、6.4、12.8、25.6mmol/L和0、0.025、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2、6.4、12.8mmol/L;培养期为24、48和72h。结果表明,赖氨酸在0.8-1.6mmol/L、蛋氨酸在0.4-0.8mmol/L浓度范围内对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖的促进作用最明显且在48h时增殖作用最强(P0.0001)。     

L-赖氨酸高产菌的选育及发酵培养基的优化

目的:获得L-赖氨酸高产菌及得到最优的发酵培养基.方法:以黄色短杆菌(Brebvibacterium flavum)XQ-8为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯(DES)、亚硝基胍(NTG)逐级诱变处理,在发酵培养基中添加乙酸和乙醇,在发酵过程中添加吐温-80和二甲基亚砜.结果:获得一株L-赖氨酸高产菌XQ-89(SGгVal-),摇瓶发酵72h赖氨酸产量达到77g/L,对乙酸、吐温-80和玉米浆三因素利用响应面分析法(Response Surface Methodology)对其添加量进行优化.当乙酸、吐温-80及玉米浆的添加量分别为0.32%、0.66%、1.5%时赖氨酸达到94g/L,比优化前提高22.1%.结论:筛选的(SGгVal-)标记是有利于L-赖氨酸的积累,添加乙酸和吐温-80对提高L-赖氨酸的产量是有效的.     

天冬氨酸家族主要氨基酸高产菌株的选育策略

L-苏氨酸与L-赖氨酸是L-天冬氨酸家族氨基酸(AFAAs)中的重要成员,近年来由于其在食品、化妆品、动物饲料添加剂等方面的广泛应用而备受关注,市场需求逐年上升。运用代谢工程手段构建高产菌,可有效地提高L-苏氨酸和L-赖氨酸的生产水平。本文详述了L-苏氨酸与L-赖氨酸的合成途径、调控机制以及两种氨基酸高产菌株的构建策略。     

Near infrared spectroscopy in fermentation and quality control for amino acid production

The application of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for in-process and quality control of fermentative production of L-lysine and L-threonine in industrial scale is presented. NIRS is a helpful tool for predicting optical density, ammonia, L-threonine and L-lysine in fermentation broth. For dry and solid product, Biolys^®60, NIRS is suitable to give a quick estimation of L-lysine and water content.     

微生物发酵法生产L-赖氨酸的研究进展

微生物发酵法是目前生产L-赖氨酸最主要的方法。L-赖氨酸生物合成存在两个完全不同的途径：二氨基庚二酸途径和a-氨基己二酸途径;分别由不同的酶进行调节,控制L-赖氨酸的合成。笔者概述了L-赖氨酸生产方法、生物合成途径以及合成中关键性酶的调节作用和国内外L-赖氨酸生产菌育种方法的研究进展。     

高产赖氨酸菌的选育与应用

赖氨酸是人体和哺乳动物的必需氨基酸,必须从食物中补充。赖氨酸具有重要的营养生理功能,在医药、食品和饲料工业中应用广泛。本文综述赖氨酸的生理功能、应用与生产、赖氨酸在细菌中的生物合成与调控、高产赖氨酸生产菌株的育种方法及应用。目前高产L-赖氨酸的菌株选育技术主要包括诱变技术、基因重组和基因敲除技术等。改良现有菌种和发掘、筛选新的菌种,利用微生物发酵法大量生产L-赖氨酸,具有广阔的市场前景。     

Optimisation of L-lysine production byCorynebacterium sp in fed-batch cultures

Summary The influence of initial concentration of glucose from 60 to 233 g/l on the production of L-lysine byCorynebacterium sp was studied first in batch culture. The maximum conversion rate into L-lysine was obtained at 165 g/l and the best specific production rate for L-lysine was observed at 65 g/l of glucose. In fed-batch fermentations, better conversion and the specific production rates were obtained. Maintaining of a high glucose concentration in the fed-batch technique allowed a 54% increase of the L-lysine production compared to the batch culture.     

Characterization of a unique mutant lysE gene, originating from Corynebacterium glutamicum, encoding a product that induces L-lysine production in Methylophilus methylotrophus

lysE24 is an allele of lysE encoding an L-lysine exporter of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The mutant gene is able to induce L-lysine production in Methylophilus methylotrophus. Although lysE24 has a mutation in the middle of lysE that results in chain termination, the entire lysE locus, including the region downstream of the short open reading frame, is necessary for L-lysine production. We propose that separate polypeptides are synthesized from the lysE24 locus due to reinitiation of translation utilizing an existing start codon beyond the site of the frameshift, and present evidence that translational coupling is required to form the functional lysE24 product. In addition, expression of lysE24 induces L-lysine production in another methylotroph, Methylobacillus glycogenes. These data suggest that the lysE24 product is a split protein and that this curious feature might be a structure necessary for its functioning in certain obligate gram-negative methylotrophs.     

Disruption of metF increased L-lysine production by Methylophilus methylotrophus from methanol

Methionine auxotrophic mutants of Methylophilus methylotrophus AS1 expressing a mutant form of dapA (dapA24) encoding a dihydrodipicolinate synthase desensitized from feedback inhibition by L-lysine, and mutated lysE (lysE24) encoding the L-lysine exporter from Corynebacterium glutamicum 2256, produced higher amounts of L-lysine from methanol as sole carbon source than did other amino acid auxotrophic mutants. Especially, the M. methylotrophus 102 strain, carrying both dapA24 and lysE24, produced L-lysine in more than 1.5 times amounts higher than the parent. A single-base substitution was identified in this auxotroph in codon-329 of the open reading frame of metF, encoding 5,10-methylene-tetra-hydrofolate reductase. We constructed a metF disruptant mutant carrying both dapA24 and lysE24, and confirmed increases in L-lysine production. This is the first report to the effect that metF deficient increased L-lysine production in methylotroph.     

A novel gnd mutation leading to increased L-lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum

Toward more efficient L-lysine production, we have been challenging genome-based strain breeding by the approach of assembling only relevant mutations in a single wild-type background. Following the creation of a new L-lysine producer Corynebacterium glutamicum AHP-3 that carried three useful mutations (lysC311, hom59, and pyc458) on the relevant downstream pathways, we shifted our target to the pentose phosphate pathway. Comparative genomic analysis for the pathway between a classically derived L-lysine producer and its parental wild-type identified several mutations. Among these mutations, a Ser-361-->Phe mutation in the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene (gnd) was defined as a useful mutation for L-lysine production. Introduction of the gnd mutation into strain AHP-3 by allelic replacement led to approximately 15% increased L-lysine production. Enzymatic analysis revealed that the mutant enzyme was less sensitive than the wild-type enzyme to allosteric inhibition by intracellular metabolites, such as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, ATP, and NADPH, which were known to inhibit this enzyme. Isotope-based metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that the gnd mutation resulted in 8% increased carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway during L-lysine production. These results indicate that the gnd mutation is responsible for diminished allosteric regulation and contributes to redirection of more carbon to the pentose phosphate pathway that was identified as the primary source for NADPH essential for L-lysine biosynthesis, thereby leading to improved product formation.