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1.
本文以危害昆虫标本的花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabile Ballion)幼虫为试验材料,选用法国进口的2.5%溴氰菊酯孔油剂型为原药,经稀释九种不同浓度药剂使用,试验结果以1∶250倍液药效果最佳,喷药后24小时死亡率达100%;并在昆虫标本室内进行实际防治应用,经一次喷药后,杀死原有的虫源,随后每年使用樟脑粉进行预防,四年多来现已控制了花斑皮蠹的发生与危害.  相似文献   

2.
为了评估桉树精油和α-蒎烯对白腹皮蠹Dermestes maculatus Degeer的杀虫作用,采用生测方法测定了不同剂量和不同处理时间下,其幼虫和成虫的死亡率。结果表明:用桉树精油及其活性成分α-蒎烯处理白腹皮蠹成虫和幼虫后,可显著影响其死亡率(P<0.001)。白腹皮蠹的反应因化学物种类、剂量和暴露时间不同而异。当剂量为32 μL/cm3的桉树精油处理白腹皮蠹幼虫72 h后,死亡率可超过90%。同样的剂量对其成虫熏蒸72 h后也表现高毒。在相同的剂量和相同的暴露时间下,α-蒎烯对白腹皮蠹的成虫和幼虫也表现高毒,且成虫的抗性比幼虫强。Probit检验结果表明桉树精油比α-蒎烯更有效。以上结果说明这些天然产物对白腹皮蠹种群的控制是很有用的。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了玉米面的水分含量(21.33%、19.35%、18.67%、13.64%、10.98%)对谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica Fabricius生长发育及产卵的影响。结果表明:玉米面的水分含量对谷蠹幼虫的发育历期影响显著,对卵和蛹的发育历期影响不显著;谷蠹卵的孵化率、幼虫和蛹的存活率在玉米面水分10.98%~19.35%的条件下增大,在玉米面水分21.33%条件下下降;谷蠹幼虫龄数也受到玉米面水分含量的影响,玉米面水分19.35%条件下幼虫龄数在3~5间变化,10.98%条件下幼虫龄数在3~8间变化;在试验的5种玉米面水分中,谷蠹只在19.35%和18.67%条件下才产卵,19.35%条件下日均产卵量和产卵期均大于18.67%条件下的相应值。  相似文献   

4.
本属已知23种、主要外寄生小蠹幼虫上,其次还寄生象甲、吉丁、窃蠹等幼虫,经济意义重要。其特征为触角的第3,或第3、4,或第3、4、5节的端部前缘向外方突起。我们在整理标本过程中发现此种,经研究认为是新种,记述如下:  相似文献   

5.
斯氏线虫对皮暗斑螟控制能力的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文报导了应用科学斯氏线虫属(Steinernema spp.)8个品系室内外控制木麻黄皮暗斑螟的试验结果。通过对8个线虫品系在不同温度下皮暗斑螟的侵染力测定,筛选出Steinernema feltima Agriotos及Steinernema feltima,Beijing为最佳品系,能寄生低、中、高龄幼虫及蛹,3-4天幼虫死亡率达100%;温度20~30℃不影响线虫对寄生的致死效果,只是致死速度不同,在25℃时侵染力最强;以100条侵染期线虫/害虫为最适剂量。林间以200条线虫/ml的Steinernema feltiae,Agriotos及Steinerneama feltiae,Beijing两品系线虫液喷洒虫巢,皮暗斑螟幼虫的平均致死率分别为72.0%、69.9%。  相似文献   

6.
于2005~2006年在辽宁省千山利用信息化学物质野外诱捕黄色梢小蠹Gryphalus fulvus、红松根小蠹Hylastes plumbeus、横坑切梢小蠹Tomicus minor及纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda成虫,结果显示:这4种小蠹在4月18日至8月10日期间都明显出现2次扬飞高峰。第1次扬飞高峰持续均为30d左右,第2次扬飞高峰期约为15d;黄色梢小蠹和红松根小蠹第1次扬飞高峰期在5月上中旬出现,第2次扬飞高峰期分别在7月中下旬和上中旬;横坑切梢小蠹与纵坑切梢小蠹的扬飞高峰期基本一致,第1次扬飞高峰期为4月下旬到5月上旬,第2次扬飞高峰在7月上中旬;结果同时还表明诱虫量第1次扬飞高峰一般都明显大于第2次,只是黄色梢小蠹在首次利用信息化学物质进行监测且密度较高时例外。  相似文献   

7.
Bt棉叶对棉铃虫抗虫性的时空变化及气象因素的影响   总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9  
用叶片喂饲法,测定了转Bt基因棉不同叶位、不同生长时期的叶片对棉铃虫初孵幼虫抗虫性的时空变化,同时测定了大田和室内不同气象条件下生长的侧枝和苗期叶片对棉铃虫抗虫性的影响。结果表明:转Bt基因棉R19-137株系主茎第2~10叶的抗虫性最高,初孵幼虫处理5天后的平均死亡率为97.0%~100%,为害级别在1.0~1.1级;第11~16叶的抗虫性明显下降,平均死亡率为35.6%~67.6%,存活幼虫以2龄为主。7月下旬、8月下旬测定了不同部位侧枝叶片的抗虫性,平均死亡率分别为30.9%~44.9%和10.0%~30.0%,抗虫效果进一步下降。试验结果还表明,在室内外不同气候条件下生长的Bt棉叶片的抗虫性有显著差异。讨论了Bt棉抗虫性时空变化的可能原因与Bt棉推广中气候条件的重要性。  相似文献   

8.
以含Bt杀虫蛋白基因(单基因)烟草和常规烟草为对照,系统测定了含Bt与豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)蛋白基因(双基因)的抗虫烟草对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)不同龄期幼虫的杀虫活性.结果表明:1~3龄幼虫取食转双基因烟草3d后死亡率为80.5%~99.3%,取食6d后死亡率达100%,均显著高于转单基因烟草。2龄幼虫取食转基因烟草3d后转至正常饲料,转双基因烟草对幼虫死亡率、存活虫体重、化蛹率和化蛹时间等生长发育的影响,均显著高于转单基因烟草。  相似文献   

9.
不同温湿度下球孢白僵菌对小猿叶甲的致病力   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文在室内研究了分离自小猿叶甲的一株球孢白僵菌(SCAU-BB01D)在不同温度和湿度条件下对小猿叶甲成虫和2龄幼虫的致病力。结果显示温度和相对湿度对白僵菌的致病力有显著影响。在17℃和29℃,小猿叶甲成虫和2龄幼虫的死亡率显著低于其他温度; 在23℃下,成虫接菌后第14天的累计死亡率达到最高为95.60%; 在23℃和26℃下,2龄幼虫接菌后第10天达到最高累计死亡率96%。随着相对湿度的提高,球孢白僵菌对小猿叶甲的致病力显著增加,当相对湿度从50%增加至100%时, 成虫第14天的累计死亡率从55.70%增加到88.80%,2龄幼虫第10天的累计死亡率从62.00%增加到96.00%。机率值分析结果表明,在17、20、23、26和29℃温度下,白僵菌对小猿叶甲成虫和2龄幼虫的LT50分别为 13.63、10.27、8.05、8.87、12.41天和 6.06、5.72、4.90、4.86、6.73天。随着相对湿度的升高,球孢白僵菌对小猿叶甲的致死中时(LT50)呈缩短的趋势,当相对湿度为50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%时,成虫和2龄幼虫的LT50分别为12.97、10.97、10.13、9.79、9.14、8.29天和7.68、6.92、5.76、5.57、5.48、4.82天。由实验结果可以得知,23~26℃是球孢白僵菌感染小猿叶甲最适宜的温度范围,环境湿度越高越有利于病原菌侵染,当相对湿度大于90%时,最有利于球孢白僵菌对小猿叶甲的感染。  相似文献   

10.
通过对内蒙古阿尔山地区落叶松八齿小蠹Ipssubelongatus Motschulsky天敌的种类调查,目前共发现落叶松八齿小蠹天敌包括捕食性天敌红胸郭公虫Thanasimus substriatus Gebler,寄生性天敌暗绿截尾金小蜂Tomicobia seitneri(Ruschka)、长蠹刻鞭茧蜂Coeloides bostrichorum Giraud以及螨类、微生物。分析了天敌的自然控制作用,红胸郭公虫对落叶松八齿小蠹成虫的日均捕食率为3.1%±0.77%(落叶松八齿小蠹成虫20头和红胸郭公虫成虫1头,室外12~24℃),日最大捕食量为10.7头(1头红胸郭公虫成虫与20、40、60和80头、100头落叶松八齿小蠹成虫,室内17~25℃);暗绿截尾金小蜂对落叶松八齿小蠹幼虫的寄生率为20.5%,对其蛹的寄生率为13.7%;长蠹刻鞭茧蜂对其幼虫的寄生率为6.5%;螨类对其成虫的寄生率为20.2%;而微生物对落叶松八齿小蠹幼虫的寄生率为4.3%,对蛹的寄生率为5.4%,对成虫的寄生率为2.1%。暗绿截尾金小蜂是落叶松八齿小蠹最有利用价值的天敌昆虫。  相似文献   

11.
为研究桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham自然种群过冷却能力的变化动态,从生理生化水平上探讨桃小食心虫幼虫耐寒机制,测定了桃小食心虫幼虫在越冬前后不同月份的过冷却点、体内含水量、脂肪、蛋白和糖原的含量。结果表明:桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的过冷却点(super-cooling point, SCP)和结冰点(freezing point, FP)随越冬期温度降低而逐渐降低, 并在冬季过后随温度升高而逐渐升高,其中在3月份时最低,分别为-14.89℃和-9.95℃,显著低于其它月份。幼虫体内含水量、总蛋白含量、糖原含量在越冬前后变化趋势与SCP变化相似并且各自又有不同的特点,但在2月份时都达最低,分别为44.83%、32.44μg/mg、1.95μg/mg。幼虫体内的总脂肪含量由越冬初期(2008-10)的29.04%逐渐降低至越冬后期(2009-06)的15.56%。结果说明桃小食心虫幼虫越冬过程中体内水分、总蛋白、糖原等生化物质含量的变化与其抗寒能力存在一定的联系,显示了其对冬季温度变化的生态适应。  相似文献   

12.
《Journal of Asia》2022,25(2):101880
Bioassays to evaluate the mortality, virulence and reproduction potentials of four indigenous EPN strains, S-PQ16, S-BM12, H-KT3987 and H-CB3452 on insect larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) revealed the highest mortality rates of two insect larvae at the highest inoculation dose of 100 IJs to range from 89 to 100 percent and 94.3–100 percent at 48 h after inoculation, respectively. Virulence was high for all nematode strains, with LC50 values between 29.6 and 47.3 IJs/insect host. The highest IJ yields were different between nematode strains and insect host, from 66.8 × 103 IJs (S-PQ16) to 118.6 × 103 IJs (H-KT3987) on T. molitor, and from 54.2 × 103 IJs (S-BM12) to 163.3 × 103 IJs (H-KT3987) on G. mellonella. The culturing cost in terms of food expenditure for rearing insect larvae varied between insect larvae and nematode strains, from 6.76 to 26.63 USD per billion IJs for nematode strains cultured on T. molitor larvae and from 3.54 to 7.81 USD per billion IJs for nematode strains cultured on G. mellonella larvae. The full cost for a nematode product of 2.5 × 109 IJs per hectare, produced through in vivo mass culturing, of the most efficient nematode strain, H-KT3987, was 191.3 USD, slightly cheaper than 199.4 USD for the same nematode product produced through in vitro mass culturing.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract.  The results of a phylogenetic analysis of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) based on the morphology of immature stages are presented and implications for the classification of the family are discussed. The monophyly of (( Orphilus ) + (Dermestidae) + (Endecatomidae (Bostrichidae + Anobiidae))) is strongly supported. Dermestidae, excluding Orphilus Erichson, forms a monophyletic group. The phylogenetic position of the Orphilinae remains enigmatic. The hypothesized relationships of the remaining dermestid subfamilies are (Thorictinae (Dermestinae (Attageninae (Megatominae + Trinodinae)))). Phylogenetically informative morphological characters of larvae and pupae are illustrated and described. Character state transformations implied by the phylogenetic hypothesis are discussed. New morphological observations are provided, including the first records of the presence of gastric caeca in the larva of Dermestes L., and the first report of the number of Malpighian tubules and the number of abdominal ganglia in Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, Anobiidae, Nosodendridae and Derodontidae. The form of the mandibular base is described for the first time for Thylodriini Beal and Trinodini Beal. The fossil record and distribution of extant Dermestidae are discussed in the light of the phylogenetic hypothesis. The origin of the family is hypothesized to be in the Late Cretaceous.  相似文献   

14.
Overwintering freeze-tolerant larvae of Chilo suppressalis can survive at -25 degrees C, but non-diapausing larvae cannot. We reported earlier that to prevent intracellular freezing, which causes death in overwintering larvae of the Saigoku ecotype distributed in southwestern Japan, water leaves and glycerol enters fat body cells through water channels during freezing. However, it is still unclear how diapause and low-temperature exposure are related to the acquisition of freeze tolerance. We compared the extent of tissue damage, accumulation of glycerol, and transport of glycerol and water in fat body tissues between cold-acclimated and non-acclimated non-diapausing and diapausing larvae. The tissue from cold-acclimated diapausing larvae could survive only when frozen in Grace's insect medium with 0.25 M glycerol at -20 degrees C. The protection provided by glycerol was offset by mercuric chloride, which is a water-channel inhibitor. Fat body tissue isolated from non-acclimated diapausing larvae was injured by freezing even though glycerol was added to the medium, but the level of freezing injury was significantly lower than in non-diapausing larvae. Radiotracer assays in cold-acclimated diapausing larvae showed that during freezing, water left the cells into the medium and glycerol entered the cells from the medium at the same time. Therefore, in Saigoku ecotype larvae of the rice stem borer, both diapause and cold-acclimation are essential to accumulate glycerol and activate aquaporin for the avoidance of freezing injury.  相似文献   

15.
A comparative bioassay (choice or non-choice) was developed to evaluate the efficacy of different species of fruit trees as alternative host plants on the morphological and biological aspects of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and also the latent effect of feeding the larvae on pupal and adult stages. Highly significant differences exist between averages of larval body weight of R. ferrugineus larvae fed on fruit trees. The lowest average of larval weight occurred in the larvae fed on the pieces of sour orange, mandarin followed by olive and lime trees. A small increase in body weight appeared in larvae fed on mango, fig and guava in comparison with those fed on date palm trees (control). The larval mortality reached the highest percentages (100%) by obligatory feeding of R. ferrugineus insects on olive, lime, sour orange and mandarin followed by mango (97%) and guava (96%) compared with control (0%), respectively. The latent effect of obligatory feeding on the larvae of R. ferrugineus was highly decreased during pupation (4%, 4% and 8%) when the insect fed on mango, guava and fig, compared with 100% pupation in the case of larvae fed on ornamental palm or date palm, respectively. Most pupae resulting from the treated larvae by R. ferrugineus failed in adult emergence especially those insects fed on olive, lime, sour orange and mandarin trees compared to untreated insects (95.6–96.2%), respectively. Data also proved that if an insect is forced to feed on a non-preferred host plant, this results in death of the insect often during the larval stage, a decrease of pupation or failure of adult emergence. These results led to the conclusion that mango, fig, and guava trees are believed to be vulnerable hosts for red weevil attack. The lowest percentage of food consumption appeared in those larvae fed on mandarin, sour orange, lime and olive trees compared with those fed on palm. The present results emphasise the need to test the efficiency of the compounds extracted from these host plants if it is considered as an insecticide or an alternative host protectant for management of the red palm weevil R. ferrugineus.  相似文献   

16.
Evidence is presented for the existence of a Venturia homologue of hemomucin, a surface mucin that was recently described in Drosophila. Venturia hemomucin is part of the mucinous layer on the egg and larval surface of the parasitoid. Venturia hemomucin forms a complex with lipophorin and other host hemolymph components, that is similar to a hemomucin-lipophorin complex which is part of the coagulation reaction. The possible formation of a specific layer against the host defence system is discussed for eggs and larvae that develop inside another insect.  相似文献   

17.
细菌冰核提高印度谷螟过冷却点的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)是一种不耐结冰的昆虫,在冬季它通过降低过冷却 点以避免结冰。现已查明,冰核活性细菌能显著提高植物的过冷却点,导致许多作物在较高 的温度下发生霜冻害。本文也证明细菌冰核能显著提高印度谷螟虫的过冷却点。对照的平均过冷却点是-17.6℃;分别用0.1g和1g细菌冰核与1kg面粉混合后进行处理,平均过冷却点分别比对照提高了12.8℃和13.6℃。研究结果支持这样的观点:细菌冰核有可能成为一种在冬季使用的、杀灭不耐结冰害虫的生物制剂。  相似文献   

18.
The surface layers of the cuticle, the hypodermal membranes and the muscle membranes of the adult, the in utero larvae and the infective-stage larvae of the nematode Trichinella spiralis have been studied by means of the freeze-fracturing technique. The surface of the cuticle of both adults and larvae fractures in ways different from membranes of internal cells. The surface coat on top of the epicuticle is probably the layer that changes antigenically. Reticulate ridges, with associated particles, on the E face of the outer hypodermal membrane of the adult are probably sites of attachment of the hypodermis to the cuticle. Longitudinally arranged ridges, with associated particles, of the outer hypodermal membrane are probably points of attachment to the cuticle in the in utero and infective larvae. Rectilinear arrays of particles are present on the P face of the inner hypodermal membrane and the P face of the muscle membrane adjacent to the hypodermis of adults and larvae and probably play a role in adhesion of the muscle membrane to the hypodermis. Particle-free areas of membrane lie external to the Z bundles of the muscle cell and are similar to the sites of attachment of Z lines in insect muscles.  相似文献   

19.
《Cryobiology》2016,72(3):518-521
We describe a new cryogenic 3D printing technology for freezing hydrogels, with a potential impact to tissue engineering. We show that complex frozen hydrogel structures can be generated when the 3D object is printed immersed in a liquid coolant (liquid nitrogen), whose upper surface is maintained at the same level as the highest deposited layer of the object. This novel approach ensures that the process of freezing is controlled precisely, and that already printed frozen layers remain at a constant temperature. We describe the device and present results which illustrate the potential of the new technology.  相似文献   

20.
Mechanisms of cryoprotection in freezing tolerant animal systems   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
J G Baust 《Cryobiology》1973,10(3):197-205
The theoretical mechanisms of freezing protection afforded by the natural occurrence of glycerol in an adult, freezing-tolerant insect have been considered in light of recent findings. While unequivocal identification of the specific site or sites of action of glycerol is yet obscured in a maze of interactions, it is apparent that a multicellular system (organism) that naturally possesses glycerol in high, nonlethal concentrations, that can maintain activity in the presence of tissue ice, that can survive frequent and prolonged freeze-thaw encounters, and finally, that can regulate cryoprotectant levels in the presence of changing environmental conditions should be a major focus of future studies.The carabid beetle, Pterostichus brevicornis has been found to regulate glycerol levels in response to fluctuating ambient temperatures even while frozen. Hemolymph freezing points and whole-body supercooling points correlated well with changes in glycerol. Freezing and supercooling points decreased 0.9 ° C per 4 g/100 ml increase in glycerol.An interpretation of the data accumulated on insect studies and integrated with data from other multicellular systems supports the theory that a single site of freezing concept as applied to considerations of cryoprotection and cryoinjury may not be realistic. Each level of events occurring during the freezing process in glycerolated and nonglycerolated animal systems has been discussed. There appears little room for speculative separation and isolation of the site of action for the events of freezing (and thawing) represent a continuum with changes in each parameter directly dependent upon the entire sequence.  相似文献   

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