青岛松雀鹰迁徙的初步观察

松雀鹰Accipiter virgatus是青岛迁徙猛禽的优势种。1988—1989年春秋两季在青岛东郊浮山(36°01′N,120°04′E)设置鸟类环志与猛禽迁徙观察点。观察点南临黄海,西侧青岛市区,东、北两侧是连绵的崂山山脉,也是猛禽的迁徙路线。主要观察猛禽的种类、性别、数量、高度、气候与物候状况等。1观察结果1.1春季的迁徙松雀鹰春季迁经本地最早见于4月初,1988与1989两年差异很大。六月上旬迁完。持续迁徙时间近2个月,较其它猛禽到达早、持续日期长、种群数量大、环志的数量也多。据两年的观察,四月上、中旬各有一个明显迁徙高峰,高峰持续1—2天;五…     

松雀鹰和普通鵟血液生理常数测定

有关松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)和普通(狂鸟)(Buteo buteo)的血液生理常数测定报道不多,1990及1991年秋天,我们在大连对10只松雀鹰和12只普通(狂鸟)分别进行了红细胞、白细胞总数,血红蛋白含量,白细胞分类计数,红细胞、白细胞直径等项测定,结果如下。1 材料与方法松雀鹰10只,体重为240—280g。普通(狂鸟)12只,体重为700—800g。雌雄     

青岛雀鹰迁徙观察初报

青岛地处胶东半岛南端,是我国沿海候鸟南北迁徙的重要停歇地。一九八七年以来,在全国鸟类环志中心的资助与指导下,我们对途经青岛的33种猛禽进行了连续三年的野外昼夜观察。现将记录到的有关雀鹰(Accipiter nisus)迁经青岛的资料整理报道如下:环境与方法春秋两季在青岛近郊浮山(36°01′N,120°04′E)海拔120米的黑松(Pinus thunbergii)与刺槐(Robina pseudoacacia)混交林间,架立粘网,网捕环志候鸟。同时由专人定点观察记录各种过路猛禽的性别、数量、飞行高度及方向等,对于分辨不清的借助望远镜观察。观察结果一、春季的迁徙雀鹰春季北迁…     

山东西部地区猛禽的生态分布

1990年3月～2007年8月在山东西部(聊城市及周边)地区所记录的猛禽分布情况中,共记录到猛禽2目3科18种,其中优势种有黑耳鸢Milvus lineatus、大鵟Buteo hemilasius、普通鵟Buteo buteo、红隼Falco tinnunculus、长耳鸮Asio otus;常见种有燕隼Falco subbuteo、东方角鸮Otus sunia、纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua、短耳鸮Asio flammeus;另外,有9个稀有种:凤头蜂鹰Pernisptilorhynchus、雕鸮Bubo bubo、游隼Falco peregrinus、灰背隼Falco columbarius、阿穆尔隼Falco amurensis、雀鹰Accipiter nisus、鹗Pandion haliaetus、白尾鹞Circus cyaneus和黄爪隼Falco naumanni,其中后4种是21世纪以来见到的.各种猛禽有明显的栖息地选择差异和季节性分布密度变化,总体密度有些微回升趋势.     

辽宁省3种鹰科鸟类新记录

正2015—2019年,在辽宁蛇岛老铁山国家级自然保护区开展"秋季迁徙期猛禽监测"过程中,先后记录到3种鹰科Acciitridae猛禽:白腹隼雕Aquila fasciata、凤头鹰Accipiter trivirgatus和黑翅鸢Elanus caeruleus(图1)。经确认,这3种猛禽均为辽宁省的鸟类新记录,也为东北地区的鸟类新记录(郑光美,2017)。     

牡丹江城市鸟类调查

2004年5月至2009年4月对牡丹江城市鸟类进行调查,共记录鸟类91种,隶属14目31科,占全国鸟类总种数的7.69%.说明牡丹江地区鸟类资源比较丰富,其丰富度指数1.967,均匀度指数0.653 8,Shannon-Wiener指数2.949.记录的91种鸟中留鸟26种,夏候鸟53种,冬候鸟3种,旅鸟9种,分别占总数28.6%、58.2%、3.3%、和9.9%.在居留型上,主要以夏候鸟为主.在区系组成上,东洋种5种,占5.5%,古北种54种,占59.3%,广布种32种,占35.2%,以古北种为主.记录到的91种鸟类中包括松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)、苍鹰(A.gentilis)等8种国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物.在所调查的鸟类中雀形目鸟类最多,15科52种.     

北京发现凤头鹰和黑翅鸢

报道了凤头鹰(Accipiter trivirgatus)和黑翅鸢(Elanus caeruleus)2个北京鸟类分布新记录。以上鸟类未见于《北京鸟类志》、《北京脊椎动物检索表》等文献记载。《中国鸟类分布与分类名录》上所列其分布区中也不包括北京。以上鸟类是北京地区近年来新记录到的猛禽。     

旋尾类线虫一新种（旋尾目：旋尾科）

本文报道在福建省采集的旋尾类线虫一新种,纹翼鸟胃线虫,新种Cyrnea(Procyrnea)strialata sp.nov.寄生于松雀鹰Accipiter vigatus nisoides的砂囊中。本新种两个发达的侧翼和雄虫的尾翼上均具波浪状的角质横纹而与其它种类不同。模式标本保存于河北师范大学生物系。     

基于卫星跟踪的救护猛禽失联案例分析

对救护猛禽进行卫星跟踪,有助于了解猛禽放飞后的生存状况,评估救护成效。2019至2021年间,先后为6只救护猛禽安装卫星跟踪器。根据获得的卫星跟踪数据分析了个体失联前的活动轨迹以及中途停歇情况等。借助最后的位置信息对失联个体展开实地搜寻,分析其死亡原因。研究结果显示,白尾海雕（Haliaeetus albicilla）、红隼（Falco tinnunculus）、苍鹰1（Accipiter gentilis）和苍鹰2的迁飞距离依次为159.5 km、150.5 km、292.5 km和832.7 km;越冬时期红隼和2只苍鹰都更倾向于选择人类活动比较密集的区域,如农田、村庄、城市居民区以及城市湿地公园;放飞猛禽的活动量通常在100 ~ 500次/h之间;个体最终状态显示,猎隼（F. cherrug）因受困和饥饿死亡,白尾海雕因二次中毒死亡,日本松雀鹰（A. gularis）、红隼和2只苍鹰失联,原因不详。救护放飞的技术环节存在失误、放飞后遭到非法猎捕、跟踪器对个体产生的负面影响以及设备脱落或故障都可能导致救护猛禽放飞后失联或死亡,建议规范猛禽救护放飞过程,慎重选择放飞时间和地点,提高救护猛禽放飞后的野外生存率。     

阿尔金山-昆仑山鸟类区系调查

2010～2012年连续3年调查新疆阿尔金山国家级自然保护区及周边包括昆仑山、祁曼塔格山、库木库里盆地的鸟类资源.共录得鸟类16目38科90属166种,约占新疆鸟类总数的36.6％.其中,金腰燕(Hirundo daurica)、冕柳莺(Phylloscopus coronatus)、日本松雀鹰(Accipiter gularis)为新疆首次记录.考察区介于青藏区与蒙新区之间,鸟类区系特点表现为高地型(23种,占13.9％)与中亚型(约49种,占29.9％)相互渗透,而北方型(69种,占42.1％)虽然排在首位,但多数是旅鸟,东洋型(1种,占0.6％)的种类比较罕见.依协克帕提湿地是鸟类的一个繁殖地,也是迁徙的重要驿站.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

Gamma-glutamylcysteine protects ergothioneine-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants against oxidative and nitrosative stress

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), cannot synthesize GSH, but synthesizes two major low molecular weight thiols namely mycothiol (MSH) and ergothioneine (ERG). Gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGC), an intermediate in GSH synthesis, has been implicated in the protection of lactic acid bacteria from oxidative stress in the absence of GSH. In mycobacteria, GGC is an intermediate in ERG biosynthesis, and its formation is catalysed by EgtA (GshA). GGC is subsequently used by EgtB in the formation of hercynine-sulphoxide-GGC. In this study, M.tb. mutants harbouring unmarked, in-frame deletions in each of the fives genes involved in ERG biosynthesis (egtA, egtB, egtC, egtD and egtE) or a marked deletion of the mshA gene (required for MSH biosynthesis) were generated. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses (LC-MS) revealed that the production of GGC was elevated in the MSH-deficient and the ERG-deficient mutants. The ERG-deficient ΔegtB mutant which accumulated GGC was more resistant to oxidative and nitrosative stress than the ERG-deficient, GGC-deficient ΔegtA mutant. This implicates GGC in the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in M.tb.     

Poly(dG)-poly(dC) DNA appears shorter than poly(dA)-poly(dT) and possibly adopts an A-related conformation on a mica surface under ambient conditions

Three types of DNA: approximately 2700 bp polydeoxyguanylic olydeoxycytidylic acid [poly(dG)-poly(dC)], approximately 2700 bp polydeoxyadenylic polydeoxythymidylic acid [poly(dA)-poly(dT)] and 2686 bp linear plasmid pUC19 were deposited on a mica surface and imaged by atomic force microscopy. Contour length measurements show that the average length of poly(dG)-poly(dC) is approximately 30% shorter than that of poly(dA)-poly(dT) and the plasmid. This led us to suggest that individual poly(dG)-poly(dC) molecules are immobilized on mica under ambient conditions in a form which is likely related to the A-form of DNA in contrast to poly(dA)-poly(dT) and random sequence DNA which are immobilized in a form that is related to the DNA B-form.     

三种常见实蝇的形态学、生物学和生态学比较

对瓜实蝇Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax (Enderlein)、桔小实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel)和桔大实蝇Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)的形态学、生物学、生态学等方面进行了比较和分析,包括三种实蝇在国内外的分布情况,对寄主选择的差异,各种虫态的形态特征,发育历期和生活史,并对它们的危害状况和防治方法分别作了介绍,可为3种实蝇的鉴定和防治提供参考.     

Variations in the coordination environment of Co, Cu and Zn complexes prepared from a tridentate (imino)pyridine ligand and their structural comparisons

The variations in the coordination environment of Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with the neutral, tridentate ligand bis[1-(cyclohexylimino)ethyl]pyridine (BCIP) are reported. Analogous syntheses were carried out utilizing either the M(BF₄)₂ · xH₂O or MCl₂ · xH₂O metal salts (where M = Co(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II)) with one equivalent of BCIP. When the hydrated metal starting material was used, cationic, octahedral complexes of the type [M(BCIP)₂]²⁺ were isolated as the tetrafluoroborate salt (4, 5). Conversely, when the hydrated chloride metal salt was used as the starting material, only neutral, pentacoordinate [M(BCIP)Cl₂] complexes (1-3) formed. All complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. The three complexes that are five coordinate have distortions due mainly to the pyridine di-imine bite angle. The [Cu(BCIP)Cl₂] (2) also exhibits deviations in the Cu(II)-Cl bond distances with values of 2.4242(9) and 2.2505(9) Å, which are not seen in the analogous Zn(II) and Co(II) structures. Similarly, the two six coordinate complexes (5, 6) are also altered by the ligand frame bite angle giving rise to distorted octahedral geometries in each complex. The [Cu(BCIP)₂](BF₄)₂ (6) also exhibits Cu(II)-N_imine bond lengths that are on average 0.14 Å longer than those found in the analogous 5 coordinate complex, [Cu(BCIP)Cl₂]. In addition to X-ray analysis, all complexes were also characterized by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy with ¹H NMR spectroscopy being used for the analysis of the Zn(II) analogue (3).     

Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets – iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine

The diets of over two-thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation, food fortification, or increasing the concentrations and/or bioavailability of mineral elements in produce (biofortification). This article reviews aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop biofortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Two complementary approaches have been successfully adopted to increase the concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in food crops. First, agronomic approaches optimizing the application of mineral fertilizers and/or improving the solubilization and mobilization of mineral elements in the soil have been implemented. Secondly, crops have been developed with: increased abilities to acquire mineral elements and accumulate them in edible tissues; increased concentrations of 'promoter' substances, such as ascorbate, β-carotene and cysteine-rich polypeptides which stimulate the absorption of essential mineral elements by the gut; and reduced concentrations of 'antinutrients', such as oxalate, polyphenolics or phytate, which interfere with their absorption. These approaches are addressing mineral malnutrition in humans globally.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Spermidine alleviates the growth of saline-stressed ginseng seedlings through antioxidative defense system

Protective effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd), activity of antioxygenic enzymes, and levels of free radicals in a well-known medicinal plant, Panax ginseng was examined. Seedlings grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for 7 d exhibited reduced relative water content, plant growth, increased free radicals, and showing elevated lipid peroxidation. Application of Spd (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM) to the salinized nutrient solution showed increased plant growth by preventing chlorophyll degradation and increasing PA levels, as well as antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, APX, and GPX activity in the seedlings of ginseng. During salinity stress, Spd was effective for lowering the accumulation of putrescine (Put), with a significant increase in the spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) levels in the ginseng seedlings. A decline in the Put level ran parallel to the higher accumulation of proline (Pro), and exogenous Spd also resulted in the alleviation of Pro content under salinity. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide (O₂⁻) production rates were also reduced in stressed plants after Spd treatment. Furthermore, the combined effect of Spd and salt led to a significant increase in diamine oxidase (DAO), and subsequent decline in polyamine oxidase (PAO). These positive effects were observed in 0.1 and 1 mM Spd concentrations, but a lower concentration (0.01 mM) had a very limited effect. In summary, application of exogenous Spd could enhance salt tolerance of P. ginseng by enhancing the activities of enzyme scavenging system, which influence the intensity of oxidative stress.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.