脱臭工艺对玉米油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响

目的:研究脱臭工艺对玉米油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响。方法:在实验室内对玉米油进行不同温度和时间的脱臭处理,利用气相色谱法分析处理后玉米油中的反式脂肪酸含量。结果:脱臭温度和脱臭时间均对玉米油中反式油酸的产生影响不显著。脱臭温度对玉米油中反式亚油酸含量影响显著,脱臭时间对玉米油中反式亚油酸含量影响不显著。在一定的脱臭时间,不同脱臭温度下,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量为最少含量的80倍以上;在一定的脱臭温度,而不同脱臭时间下,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量约为最少含量的1.5倍,且在255℃以下时,随脱臭时间延长,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸的形成速度缓慢、相对含量低。结论:玉米油精炼脱臭时,对脱臭工艺装备和工艺条件中的脱臭温度进行优化选择可有效减少玉米油反式脂肪酸的产生。     

脱臭工艺对玉米油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响

目的：研究脱臭工艺对玉米油中反式脂肪酸含量的影响。方法：在实验室内对玉米油进行不同温度和时间的脱臭处理,利用气相色谱法分析处理后玉米油中的反式脂肪酸含量。结果：脱臭温度和脱臭时间均对玉米油中反式油酸的产生影响不显著。脱臭温度对玉米油中反式亚油酸含量影响显著,脱臭时间对玉米油中反式亚油酸含量影响不显著。在一定的脱臭时间,不同脱臭温度下,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量为最少含量的80倍以上;在一定的脱臭温度,而不同脱臭时间下,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸最多含量约为最少含量的1．5倍,且在255℃以下时,随脱臭时间延长,玉米油中总反式脂肪酸的形成速度缓慢、相对含量低。结论：玉米油精炼脱臭时,对脱臭工艺装备和工艺条件中的脱臭温度进行优化选择可有效减少玉米油反式脂肪酸的产生。     

国外科技

微生物脱臭技术利用自然界中某种微生物具有分解、除去恶臭化合物功能,防止或减少环境中恶臭的发生或扩散,而且用作再生资源,微生物脱臭技术有: ①土壤脱臭法:除去气体恶臭,将含恶臭成分气体低速通过土壤充填层,被附于土壤中微生物分解;除去恶臭成分,操作方便,但占地面积大,遇下雨时效率下降。②脱臭微生物充填塔法:将特定脱臭微生物纯培养增殖,再将恶臭气体通过固     

微生物在恶臭污染治理中的研究及应用

近年来,随着人们对恶臭污染重视程度的不断提高,针对恶臭气体控制和治理的研究也逐渐增多,其中微生物脱臭因其成本低、处理设备要求简易、基本无二次污染等较物理除臭和化学除臭无可比拟的优点,成为研究人员的关注热点。本文概述了微生物脱臭的过程和机理,主要介绍微生物脱臭技术分类和优缺点比较,以及微生物脱臭在恶臭污染治理中的研究与应用现状,重点介绍了生物洗涤法、生物过滤法、生物滴滤法和生物菌剂法4种微生物脱臭技术在畜禽养殖、垃圾处理和污水处理引起的恶臭污染治理中的研究与应用现状,最后对微生物脱臭的发展方向提出建议:加大对高效脱臭微生物资源的深度挖掘及选育工作的投入;加深对微生物在除臭过程中菌群结构的时空演变规律和对恶臭物质代谢原理及降解动力学的研究;加强对当前微生物脱臭技术及工艺的改进和创新。     

蒜汁饮料的研制

在大蒜脱臭的基础上,研究了蒜汁及其饮料。     

养猪场污水脱色与脱臭的研究

集约化养猪场排出大量污水对外界环境所造成的污染已广泛引起人们关注.本文采用漂白Ⅱ号溶液(Chlorine Water Ⅱ)对猪场污水怍脱色与脱臭及去除 COD 的探讨.试验结果表明:漂泊Ⅱ号溶液对污水脱色,脱臭及降解 COD 的效果均比较理想.漂白Ⅱ号溶液用量为1%时,可除臭65%,降低 COD50%,并把原来污水由黑色变为淡黄色;漂白Ⅱ号溶液用量为2%时,可除臭90%,降低 COD 量65%,并把原来污水由黑色变为黄色.     

利用蚕蛹生产复合氨基酸营养物的研究——树脂法对酶介液中蚕蛹脱臭的研究

本文报导了用离子交换树脂法脱除蚕蛹酶解存在的蚕蛹本身的恶臭;用胰酶进行蚕蛹分解,酶解后经732树脂脱臭,获得无臭、黄色粉末的混合氨基酸,对蛋白质的收率达44%以上,保留了人体必需的色氨酸,弥补了蚕蛹酸解色氨酸被破坏的缺陷,符合要素膳对氨基酸的质量要求,从而可利用蚕蛹生产营养价值高的混合氨基酸。     

利用生物填充塔处理生活污水厂臭气的研究*

通过对城市生活污水厂逸出臭气所进行的净化治理的中试研究,考察了生物填充塔在不同条件下的运行性能,探讨了pH的变化对生物填充塔的影响以及填充塔内微生物的分布与恶臭气体去除的关系。结果表明,接种脱臭微生物菌群的生物填充塔在合适的工艺条件下能有效地去除生活污水厂臭气中的主要成份一硫化氢,同时能耐受一定负荷冲击,并且能在酸性条件下稳定运行。     

液体发酵白酒的脱臭与串香

液体发酵白酒同固体发酵白酒相比,有着出酒率高、成本低、劳动强度小等优点。但是成品酒风味同固体发酵白酒比较,还有一定的差距。特别是用甘薯干作原料生产的液体发酵白酒,酒精味和薯干味较大。为了提高液体发酵白酒的质量,我们采用了普通木炭代替桦木炭或柞木炭进行脱臭和以香醅串香的方法进行试验,收到了较好的效果,现将我厂液体发酵白酒的工艺过程介绍如下:     

大蒜超临界萃余物提取SOD的工艺研究

大蒜超临界萃取大蒜油后有大量的萃余物,本文对大蒜超临界萃余物提取SOD工艺进行了初步研究,并对所提萃余物中的SOD酶活性与从新鲜原料大蒜提取SOD进行了比较,实验结果表明：超临界萃取工艺对大蒜原料中SOD酶活力损失很少,从大蒜萃余物中提取的SOD酶活力比直接从新鲜大蒜中提取的SOD酶活力相差不到10％,且粗酶提取物已显著脱臭。说明萃余物有很大的再利用价值,对萃余物进行深度开发具有重要意义。     

Reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of different cooked garlic preparations

It was studied if the ability of aqueous garlic extracts to scavenge superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and hydroxyl radical (OH(*)) is altered in the following aqueous preparations: (a) extracts of boiled garlic cloves (BG), (b) extracts of microwave-treated garlic cloves (MG), and (c) extracts of pickled garlic (PG), and heated extracts of (a) garlic powder (HGP) and (b) raw garlic (HRG). The data were compared with the unheated raw garlic (RG) or with the unheated garlic powder (GP). Extracts of GP and RG scavenged O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), and OH(*) in a concentration-dependent way. The reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity was not decreased in the aqueous garlic extracts except in MG and HRG (for O(2)(*-)) and in HGP and PG (for H(2)O(2)). The heating before or after garlic cutting was unable to eliminate the capacity of the extracts to scavenge H(2)O(2), O(2)(*-), and OH(*).     

Surface Glycolipids in Shoot-forming Culture of Nicotiana umbratica

Phthalate oxygenase was induced in Rhodococcus erythropolis S-1, a Gram-positive bacterium, when this bacterium was cultured in a medium containing phthalate as a sole carbon source. The enzyme was purified 118-fold with 4.7% activity yield. The purified enzyme appeared homogenous on native PAGE. This enzyme is a large protein (213 kDa), a tetramer of identical 56kDa monomers, and a flavoprotein containing FAD with NADH-dependent dioxygenase activity. The enzyme is specific for phthalate and other closely related aromatic compounds. Optimum pH and temperature were 6.5 and 40°C. The K_m for phthalate and NADH were 0.040 mM and 0.069 mM. The enzyme catalyzes dihydroxylation of phthalate to form 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxyphthalate with consumption of NADH and oxygen.     

大蒜研究进展

本文主要从大蒜的成分、活性的产生及测定方法、应用前景及除方法四方面总结了大蒜的研究进展。     

Effect of garlic oil on the levels of various enzymes in the serum and tissue of streptozotocin diabetic rats

Levels of red cell, serum acid, and alkaline phosphatases, serum amylase, alanine and aspartate transferase and bilirubin were examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with garlic oil and compared with the corresponding levels in diabetic control rats, normal rats and normal rats on garlic oil. Values of tissue amylase and total protein were also assessed from the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Treatment of diabetic rats with garlic oil significantly decreased the red cell phosphatase (p<0.01), serum acid and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control rats. Serum alanine and asparate transferases were significantly (p<0.001) decreased as well as serum amylase (p<0.002) in garlic oil treated diabetic rats as compared with diabetic control rats. When treated with garlic oil, however, diabetic and normal rats showed significant increase (p<0.05) in the amylase levels of the pancrease, liver, and kidney.     

大蒜根系分泌物的化感作用

以苍山白蒜和蔡家坡紫蒜为材料,采用水培方法收集根系分泌物,研究了2个大蒜品种的根系分泌物对莴苣种子发芽和幼苗生长及对黄瓜枯萎病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌的化感效应.结果表明:2个大蒜品种的根系分泌物对莴苣种子发芽和幼苗生长均表现为低浓度(0.1、0.2 g·mL-1)促进、高浓度(0.4、0.6 g·mL-1)抑制,高浓度时蔡家坡紫蒜的抑制作用大于苍山白蒜;对黄瓜枯萎病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的菌丝生长及孢子萌发均表现为抑制作用,随着根系分泌物浓度的提高,抑制作用增强,其中黄瓜枯萎病菌较敏感,且蔡家坡紫蒜的抑制作用大于苍山白蒜.     

定硫法测定大蒜中大蒜素含量及影响因素

本文采用定硫法测定了苍山大蒜中的大蒜素含量。研究了氧化剂用量、酸度及称样量等因素对测定结果的影响 ,优选出定硫法测定大蒜素含量的最佳条件。用硝酸汞法进行比对 ,经t检验 ,两方法间不存在显著性差异。     

大蒜中有机硫化物抗肿瘤的研究进展

大蒜是一种古老的药用植物,具有广谱的抗肿瘤作用,发挥其主要抗肿瘤作用的是多种烯丙基有机硫化物。从大蒜中有机硫化物调节致癌物的代谢、抑制肿瘤细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、消除自由基和抗氧化等方面,对其抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展作一综述。     

大蒜功效成分蒜氨酸的提取与生理活性研究

目的:获取高纯度蒜氨酸并研究其部分功能。方法:采用改进的方法提取蒜氨酸。用体外实验检测其抗菌和抗肿瘤活性。结果:获得了高纯度的蒜氨酸,抑菌实验表明,高纯蒜氨酸对大肠杆菌(Eschrichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、痢疾杆菌(Shigella dysenteriae)、幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)等测试菌株有极强的杀死作用,其MIC分别为4.06×10-3mg/mL、4.06×10-3mg/mL、4.06×10-3mg/mL、8.13×10-3mg/mL、1.63×10-2mg/mL,体外细胞实验结果显示,蒜氨酸对肿瘤细胞人急性早幼粒白血病细胞(HL-60)和人肝癌细胞(H-7402)有很高的抑制和杀死作用。结论:该提取方法适合于大规模生产,蒜氨酸在食品防腐、抗肿瘤药物开发和保健品的研制上有很好的应用潜力和应用前景。     

Efficiency of sulphur in garlic extract and non‐sulphur homeopathy in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of a non‐sulphur‐based homeopathic preparation and a sulphur‐containing natural product derived from Allium sativum (Linnaeus) against infestation by the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Acari: Ixodidae). A total of 24 crossbred calves (7 : 8 Holstein : Zebu), aged 6–8 months and maintained in individual stables under tick‐free conditions, were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group) received no treatment; Group 2 was treated with 0.01 g/day of the homeopathic preparation Fator C&MC^®, and Group 3 was treated with 20 g/day of Enxofre‐Allium sativum^®. After adaptation to the diet for 1 month, each calf was subjected to artificial infestation with 8000 R. (B.) microplus larvae (aged 7–14 days) twice per week over a 5‐month period. Numbers of engorged females were recorded every 14 days and samples of freely released engorged females were collected at 14‐day intervals commencing 3 months after the start of the experiment. The engorged females were weighed, incubated for 15 days under biochemical oxygen demand conditions at 27 ± 1 °C and relative humidity >85%, and the weights of the egg masses produced were recorded. Other biological parameters, including reproduction estimate, reduction in oviposition and efficiency of treatment, were determined. A significant reduction in the number of engorged females was detected on animals treated with Enxofre‐Allium sativum^® (Group 3) in comparison with the other two groups. The overall efficiency of the treatment with the sulphur‐containing product was 64%, whereas that of the homeopathic preparation was 26%. Under the experimental conditions established, Enxofre‐Allium sativum^® can reduce the intensity of the R. (B.) microplus infestation.